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Atomoxetine and Fluoxetine Activate AMPK-ACC-CPT1 Pathway in Human SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG Cells
Songhee Jeon(Songhee Jeon),Jeong-Eun Park(Jeong-Eun Park),Young Ho Do(Young Ho Do),Renata Santos(Renata Santos ),Seong Mi Lee(Seong Mi Lee),Bung-Nyun Kim(Bung-Nyun Kim),Jae Hoon Cheong(Jae Hoon Cheong 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.3
Objective Atomoxetine and fluoxetine are psychopharmacologic agents associated with loss of appetite and weight. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the cellular energy sensor that regulate metabolism and energy, being activated by fasting and inhibited by feeding in the hypothalamus. Methods Human brain cell lines (SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG cells) were used to study the outcome of atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatment in the activity of AMPK-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)- carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) pathway and upstream regulation by calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) using immunoblotting and CPT1 enzymatic activity measures. Results Phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC increased significantly after atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatment in the first 30-60 minutes of treatment in the two cell lines. Activation of AMPK and inhibition of ACC was associated with an increase by 5-fold of mitochondrial CPT1 activity. Although the neuronal isoform CPT1C could be detected by immunoblotting, activity was not changed by the drug treatments. In addition, the increase in phospho-AMPK and phospho-ACC expression induced by atomoxetine was abolished by treatment with STO-609, a CaMKKβ inhibitor, indicating that AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathway is activated through CaMKKβ phosphorylation. Conclusion These findings indicate that at the cellular level atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatments may activate AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathways through CaMKKβ in human SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG cells.
Songhee AHN,황성수 한국식물분류학회 2022 식물 분류학회지 Vol.52 No.4
The study aims are to examine the characteristics of artificial and natural hybrids between Viola albida var. albida (= albida, from below) and V. albida var. chaerophylloides (= chaerophylloides, from below), and to confirm if hybrids could be fertile and make populations in their native habitats. The 1st filial (= F1, from below) leaf shape produced by artificial crossing between albida and chaerophylloides was the same as that of V. albida var. takahashii (= takahashii, from below), and F1 bore also both chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers. F1 seed number was 9.6 per cleistogamous pods, which was remarkably less than the average of 38.2 for albida and chaerophylloides, but the germination rate was all similar. The leaf type of self-crossed 2nd offsprings (= F2, from below) showed all leaf types found in the Viola albida complex, but the ratio of chaerophylloides leaf type was relatively low. Individuals whose F2 leaf type was restored to albida produced an average of 31.4 seeds per capsule, meaning that fertility was restored. On the other hand, individuals of F2 takahashii leaf type come to fruition a low average of 10.4 seeds per capsule, which is similar to that of takahashii. The results of crossbreeding experiment, where is their native habitats, were similar to that of laboratory. Both albida and chaerophylloids in Mt. Bulmyeong distribute extensively, but takahashii make a small population only in places where albida and chaerophylloides grow together. Summarizing the above results is suggesting that the speciation of takahashii was done by hybrid between albida and chaerophylloides, and these have been maintained with relatively small population by cleistogamous capsules.
Songhee Lee,Wonwoo Cho,Romika Chandra,Jiwon Han,Hoduck Kang 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2020 Journal of Forest Science Vol. No.
In this study, basic data with respect to the introduction of Hipphophae rhamnoides L. and its cultivation in Korea could be obtained. According to the size of the plug cell tray, Chinese origin’s rate of seed germination was relatively high in 128 plug cell tray, and growth was vibrant in 50 plug cell tray. The germination and growth of Russian origin seeds showed that they were relatively effective in 50 plug cell tray and with respect to soil environment, TKS-2 soil with untreated shading relatively promoted both germination and growth for Chinese origin, the rate of germination was high in bed soil for horticulture and growth result was good in TKS-2 in the case of Russian origin. It was confirmed that the germination rate of Chinese origin H. rahmnoides L. was highest in untreated shading and the shoot growth was vibrant in 70% shading while the growth in roots was vibrant in the untreated shading. In the Russian origin, H. rhamnoides L. the germination rate in 30% and 70% shading was about 50% which was higher than that in the untreated shading and general growth was vibrant in 30% shading.
Songhee LEE,Eunhea JHO,Sooim SHIN 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.4
Sorbent using magnetite(Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) particles in the form of cartridges is frequently used material for water decontamination. However, particles can be released from the cartridge into the environment, so the sorbents can be another source of contaminants. For check the hazard of magnetite sorbent, bamboo-derived biochars and magnetite nanoparticles were prepared and used to synthesis of Fe(III)-doped activated biochar. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of magnetite sorbent-exposure on oxidative stress in Daphnia magna. Level of ROS/RNS, and amount of GSH, activity of SOD and mitochondrial complex I to IV were measured in D. magna raised with different concentrations of Fe(III)-doped sorbents. As a result, groups treated at relatively low/medium concentration of sorbent show significantly increased level of ROS/RNS than control. Moreover, activity/level of antioxidant markers were significantly reduced upon low dose of sorbent exposure. Also, activity of complex III in mitochondria exhibited markedly decreased in concentration dependent manner. It demonstrates that sorbent paralyzes the antioxidant system and also affects the function of mitochondria of D. magna.
Optimization of Curing Regimes for Precast Prestressed Members with Early-Strength Concrete
Songhee Lee,Ngocchien Nguyen,Thi Suong Le,Chadon Lee 한국콘크리트학회 2016 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.10 No.3
Early-strength-concrete (ESC) made of Type I cement with a high Blaine value of 500 ㎡/kg reaches approximately 60 % of its compressive strength in 1 day at ambient temperature. Based on the 210 compressive test results, a generalized rate-constant material model was presented to predict the development of compressive strengths of ESC at different equivalent ages (9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 100 and 168 h) and maximum temperatures (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C) for design compressive strengths of 30, 40 and 50 MPa. The developed material model was used to find optimum curing regimes for precast prestressed members with ESC. The results indicated that depending on design compressive strength, conservatively 25–40 % savings could be realized for a total curing duration of 18 h with the maximum temperature of 60 °C, compared with those observed in a typical curing regime for concrete with Type I cement.