Energy Efficient with Network Coding Multipath Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

Chao Gui,Hua Chen,Baolin Sun,Ying Song 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.7 No.6

Network coding is a new paradigm in data transport and promises to change many aspects of wireless sensor network (WSN). Thanks to the recently developed network coding techniques, a high-throughput low-complexity hierarchical protocol can be facilitated due to the multiple-source relay-based data transmissions built on the network coding schemes, especially for the data communications between the source node and destination node. In this paper, we propose an Energy efficient that carefully couples Network coding and Multipath routing algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks (ENM-WSN). Through an analytical study, we provide guidance on how to choose parameters in our scheme and demonstrate that the scheme is efficient in both multipath and energy consumption. We also present an algorithm for deciding the network coding scheme for a node to further reduce energy consumption by minimizing redundant packet transmissions. Simulation results show that, with the proposed energy efficient with network coding in WSN multipath routing protocol (ENM-WSN), energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, and network lifetime can be improved in most of cases. It is an available approach to multipath routing decision.

Lift Enhancement and Drag Reduction on an Airfoil at Low Reynolds Number using Blowing and Distributed Suction

Chao, Song,Xudong, Yang The Society for Aerospace System Engineering 2015 International Journal of Aerospace System Engineer Vol.2 No.1

An active flow control technique using blowing and distributed suction on low Reynolds airfoil is investigated. Simultaneous blowing and distributed suction can recirculate the jet flow mass, and reduce the penalty to propulsion system due to avoiding dumping the jet mass flow. Energy is injected into main flow by blowing on the suction surface, and the low energy boundary flow mass is removed by distributed suction, thus the flow separation can be successfully suppressed. Aerodynamic lift to drag ratio is improved significantly using the flow control technique, and the energy consumption is quite low.

A New Species of the Spider Genus Araneus from Tibet, China - Araneae: Araneidae

Chao Zhang, Daxiang Song, Joo-Pil Kim(김주필) 한국거미연구소 2006 한국거미 Vol.22 No.1

  중국의 티베트 지역에서 채집된 Araneus 속의 1 신종인 Araneus zhangmu sp. nov.을 보고한다.   A new species of the genus Araneus collected from Tibet, China, is illustrated and described here under the name of Araneus zhangmu sp. nov..

중국 고등학교 교사의 스마트교육에 대한 관심도 및 실행도 분석

쑹차오징(Chao Jing Song),배가나(Ga Na Bae),장재혁(Chea Huck Chang),황석현(Seok Hyun Hwang),김석우(Suk Woo Kim) 서울대학교 교육종합연구원 2022 The SNU Journal of Education Research Vol.31 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 중국 고등학교 교사의 스마트교육에 대한 관심도 및 실행도를 살펴보기 위해 실시되었다. 이를 위해 2021년 6월부터 7월까지 중국 산둥성 웨이팡시 고등학교 교사 281명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 최종 239부를 기술통계, 상관분석, 다변량 분산분석(MANOVA)등을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 중국 고등학교 교사의 스마트교육에 대한 관심도는 실행도 보다 높았다. 둘째, 설립형태별 분석 결과, 공립고등학교 교사들이 사립고등학교 교사에 비해 관심도 및 실행도 모두 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 최종학력별 분석 결과, 대학교 졸업인 교사보다 석․박사학위를 마친 교사들의 관심도가 더 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 개인배경별 관심도 및 실행도의 차이는 각각 다르게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 2010년대부터 중국 정부 및 교육부에서 실시한 스마트교육을 다시 점검하고, 획일적인 스마트교육 교원연수를 벗어나 개인적 배경요인과 지역적인 상황 등을 고려한 다차원적이고 세밀한 스마트교육 교원연수로 나아가기 위한 기초자료로써 도움이 될 것이다. The purpose of this study was to examine the interest and implementation of Chinese high school teachers in smart education. To this end, a survey was conducted on 281 teachers at Weifang High School in Shandong Province, China from June to July 2021, and the final 239 copies were conducted with descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and MANOVA. As a result, first, Chinese high school teachers interest in smart education was higher in implementation. Second, as a result of analysis by establishment type, public high school teachers showed higher interest and implementation than private high school teachers. Third, as a result of analysis by final educational background, teachers who completed master s and doctorate degrees were more interested than teachers who graduated from university. Fourth, the differences in interest and performance by individual background were different. These results will be helpful as basic data to re-check smart education conducted by the Chinese government and the Ministry of Education since the 2010s and move beyond uniform smart education teacher training to multi-dimensional and detailed smart education teacher training considering personal background factors and local situations.

연구논문(硏究論文) : 중국 공무원의 공공서비스동기가 감정노동에 미치는 영향

송용차오 ( Yong Chao Song ),고재승 ( Jae Seung Ko ) 한국관광산업학회 2016 Tourism Research Vol.41 No.1

공공부문에서의 고객에 대한 친절은 여느 서비스업 못지않게 이뤄지고 있으며, 중국의 공공부문에서도 친절, 미소 등과 같은 서비스 태도가 강조되고 있는 현실이다. 이러한 상황은 공무원에게 심리적 안녕과 건강 등에 많은 영향을 미칠 수 있는데, 조직의 맥락에서 이러한 상황을 전체적으로 포착할 수 있는 개념 중 하나가 감정노동(emotional labor)이라 할 수 있다. 이는 고객을 만족시키고 배려 받고 있다고 생각하게 하는 친절이 공무원 자신의 감정을 억제하거나, 정해진 방향으로 유도하는 감정노동이 될 수 있으며, 시민들을 상대로 서비스를 제공하는 공무원들의 친절과 봉사 또한 감정도동이 될 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중국 공무원의 공공서비스 동기가 감정노동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 중국 산동성 공공봉사 공무원(경찰, 병원, 등 공공서비스)을 대상으로 하여 2015년 7월 15일부터 8월 15일까지로 총 300부의 설문지를 배포하여 283부를 회수하였으며, 이중 불성실한 응답 13부를 제외한 270부를 최종적으로 이용하여 실증분석을 실시하였다. 분석에 따른 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공공서비스 동기의 내면행동에 대한 유의성을 살펴보면 공공에의 몰입만이 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났으며, 내면행동에 정(+)의 방향으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 공공서비스 동기의 표면행동에 대한 유의성을 살펴보면 공익에의 몰입과 동정만 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 구체적으로 살펴보면 공공에의 몰입은 표면행동에 부(-)의 방향으로 영향을 미쳤으며, 동정은 공공에의 몰입과는 다르게 표면행동에 정(+)의 방향으로 영향을 미친다는 결과가 도출되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 공공부문의 공무원들의 업무태도, 즉 서비스 태도를 함양시켜줄 수 있는 방안을 마련해야 할 것인데, 선진국가의 교육 시스템을 도입하여 체제 및 방식 등을 보완함과 동시에 실천이 이뤄질 수 있도록 조직 내부에서의 지원, 활용기회의 제공 등의 방법을 고려해야 할 것이다. Friendliness to customers in public service is addressed as often as in any other service industry. In Chinese public service, too, service attitudes like friendliness and smiling are emphasized. This situation can greatly affect the public officer’s psychological well-being and health. One of the concepts that overall captures this situation in an organizational context is ‘emotional labor’. This is because friendliness that makes the customer think she is made satisfied and considered can actually be emotional labor for the public officer where he feels the need to restrain his emotions or drive his emotions in a certain direction. Friendliness and a mindset of service, too, can become emotional labor. So this study, in an attempt to review the effect of public service motivation in China on emotional labor, distributed a total of 300 copies of a questionnaire from July 15 to August 15, 2015. Excluding 13 copies with insufficient responses, a total of 270 copies were used for empirical analysis. The findings were as follows. First, the significance of public service motivation for internal behavior shows that only commitment to the public was statistically significant and had a positive effect on internal behavior. Second, looking at the significance in the surface behavior of public service motivation, only commitment to public interest and sympathy were statistically significant. Specifically, commitment to the public had a negative effect on surface behavior, while sympathy had a positive effect. Measures to foster service attitude in public officers will have to be developed based on these findings. A more advanced training system will have to be adopted to complement the existing systems and methods while ensuring that what is taught is actually implemented in the field. Support from within the organization and providing opportunities to apply what has been learned should also be considered.

Finger Vein Recognition Based on Multi-Orientation Weighted Symmetric Local Graph Structure

( Song Dong ),( Jucheng Yang ),( Yarui Chen ),( Chao Wang ),( Xiaoyuan Zhang ),( Dong Sun Park ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.10

Finger vein recognition is a biometric technology using finger veins to authenticate a person, and due to its high degree of uniqueness, liveness, and safety, it is widely used. The traditional Symmetric Local Graph Structure (SLGS) method only considers the relationship between the image pixels as a dominating set, and uses the relevant theories to tap image features. In order to better extract finger vein features, taking into account location information and direction information between the pixels of the image, this paper presents a novel finger vein feature extraction method, Multi-Orientation Weighted Symmetric Local Graph Structure (MOW-SLGS), which assigns weight to each edge according to the positional relationship between the edge and the target pixel. In addition, we use the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) classifier to train and classify the vein feature extracted by the MOW-SLGS method. Experiments show that the proposed method has better performance than traditional methods.

Landmark-Guided Segmental Speech Decoding for Continuous Mandarin Speech Recognition

Chao, Hao,Song, Cheng Korea Information Processing Society 2016 Journal of information processing systems Vol.12 No.3

In this paper, we propose a framework that attempts to incorporate landmarks into a segment-based Mandarin speech recognition system. In this method, landmarks provide boundary information and phonetic class information, and the information is used to direct the decoding process. To prove the validity of this method, two kinds of landmarks that can be reliably detected are used to direct the decoding process of a segment model (SM) based Mandarin LVCSR (large vocabulary continuous speech recognition) system. The results of our experiment show that about 30% decoding time can be saved without an obvious decrease in recognition accuracy. Thus, the potential of our method is demonstrated.

Thermal pretreatment of poplar sawdust at 100 °C in water or with microwave heating impacts the pyrolysis behaviors

Chao Li,Baihong Li,Guoming Gao,Lijun Zhang,Shu Zhang,Lei Zhang,Jun Xiang,Song Hu,Yi Wang,Xun Hu 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.125 No.-

Drying at 100 C is a common practice for processing many biomasses for their further thermochemicalconversion via the routes such as pyrolysis. The drying temperature of 100 C is low, but might not be toolow to cause any impact on pyrolytic behaviors of a biomass feedstock. In this study, varied scenarios ofthermal pretreatment of poplar sawdust (oven-drying, boiling in water and microwave heating) at 100 Cwere screened for probing their potential influence on the pyrolytic behaviors at 500 and 750 C. Comparing with oven-drying, boiling in water (cooking) and microwave heating at 100 C could removesome oxygen-containing species, increasing carbon content of the pretreated sawdust and promotingcarbonization in pyrolysis. This enhanced formation of biochar, heavy p-conjugated organics in bio-oil,but suppressed generation of gas. The cooking or microwave heating pretreatment also promoted aromatizationto form the biochar of higher thermal stability, higher crystallinity, and higher aromatic degree,due to the enhanced deoxygenation reactions in the pyrolysis. The in-situ IR characterization suggestedthat microwave pretreatment promoted generation of unsaturated ketones and also the species with olefinicC = C, favoring their further aromatization. The cooking pretreatment impacted transformationroutes of the oxygen-containing organics, thus modifying pyrolysis behaviors of the pretreated sawdust.

Establishment and Validation of a Nomogram for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Concerning the Prognostic Effect of Parotid Lymph Node Metastases

Chao Lin,Xue-Song Sun,Sai-Lan Liu,Xiao-Yun Li,Nian Lu,Xin-Ling Li,Lin-Quan Tang,Ling Guo 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.3

Purpose The prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with parotid lymph node (PLN) metastasis remains unclear. This study was performed to investigate the prognostic significance and optimal staging category of PLN metastasis and develop a nomogram for estimating individual risk. Materials and Methods Clinical data of 7,084 non-metastatic NPC patients were retrospectively reviewed. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. A nomogram was established based on the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The accuracy and calibration ability of this nomogram was evaluated by C-index and calibration curves with bootstrap validation. Results Totally, 164/7,084 NPC patients (2.3%) presented with PLNs. Multivariate analyses showed that PLN metastasis was a negative prognostic factor for OS, progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS). Patients with PLN metastasis had a worse prognosis than N3 disease. Five independent prognostic factors were included in the nomogram, which showed a C-index of 0.743. The calibration curves for probability of 3- and 5-year OS indicated satisfactory agreement between nomogram-based prediction and actual observation. All results were confirmed in the validation cohort. Conclusion NPC patient with PLN metastasis had poorer survival outcome (OS, PFS, DMFS, and LRFS) than N3 disease. We developed a nomogram to provide individual prediction of OS for patients with PLN metastasis.

Feature Extraction Based on DBN-SVM for Tone Recognition

Chao, Hao,Song, Cheng,Lu, Bao-Yun,Liu, Yong-Li Korea Information Processing Society 2019 Journal of information processing systems Vol.15 No.1

An innovative tone modeling framework based on deep neural networks in tone recognition was proposed in this paper. In the framework, both the prosodic features and the articulatory features were firstly extracted as the raw input data. Then, a 5-layer-deep deep belief network was presented to obtain high-level tone features. Finally, support vector machine was trained to recognize tones. The 863-data corpus had been applied in experiments, and the results show that the proposed method helped improve the recognition accuracy significantly for all tone patterns. Meanwhile, the average tone recognition rate reached 83.03%, which is 8.61% higher than that of the original method.