A review and recent developments on strategies to improve the photocatalytic elimination of organic dye pollutants by BiOX (X=Cl, Br, I, F) nanostructures

Sonal Singh,Rishabh Sharma,Manika Khanuja 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.10

The main environmental problems associated with water body pollution are typically those caused by the discharge of untreated effluents released by various industries. Wastewater from the textile dye industry is itself a large contributor and contains a huge number of complex components, a wide spectrum of organic pollutants with high concentration of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/chemical oxygen demand (COD) and other toxic elements. One of several potential techniques to degrade such reactive dyes before being discharged to water bodies is photocatalysis, and bismuth-based photocatalysts are rapidly gaining popularity in this direction. Bismuth oxyhalides, BiOX (X=Cl, Br, I, F), as a group of ternary compound semiconductors (V-VI-VII), have been explored extensively for their photocatalytic activity due to their unique crystal lattice with special layered structure in pure as well as modified form. With suitable band gap and band edge positions, which are a required condition for efficient water breakup and high photon absorption, BiOCl scores over other oxyhalides. Photocatalytic activity depends on many factors such as synthesis method, morphology, size, illumination type, dye choice among others. This paper gives a critical review on bismuth oxyhalides as a family on various aspects of modifications such as doping (with unique and interesting metals as well), morphology and synthesis parameters, polymer and carbon assisted composites in order to further enhance the photocatalytic efficiency in UV/visible region of solar spectrum.

Orai1-NFAT Signalling Pathway Triggered by T Cell Receptor Stimulation

Sonal Srikanth,곽유상 한국분자세포생물학회 2013 Molecules and cells Vol.35 No.3

T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation plays a crucial role in development, homeostasis, proliferation, cell death, cytokine production, and differentiation of T cells. Thus, in depth understanding of TCR signalling is crucial for development of therapy targeting inflammatory diseases, improvement of vaccination efficiency, and cancer therapy utilizing T cell-based strategies. TCR activation turns on various signalling pathways, one of the important one being the Ca2+-calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signalling pathway. Stimulation of TCRs triggers depletion of intracellular Ca2+ store and in turn, initiates store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), one of the major mecha-nisms to raise the intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in T cells. Ca2+-release-activated-Ca2+ (CRAC) channels are a prototype of store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) channels in immune cells that are very well characterized. Recent identification of STIM1 as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensor and Orai1 as the pore subunit has dramatically advanced the understanding of CRAC channels and provides a molecular tool to investigate the physiological outcomes of Ca2+ signalling during immune responses. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of CRAC channel activation, regulation, and downstream calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway.

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Trauma to Permanent Anterior Teeth in 12 to 15 Year Old School Going Children in Urban and Rural Areas of Faridabad, Haryana : A Comparative Study

Sonal Dhingra,C M Marya,Avinash J,Puneet Gupta,Ruchi Nagpal,Nidhi Pruthi 대한예방치과학회 2012 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.8 No.2

Objective: To determine the prevalence, associated risk factors and unmet treatment needs of trauma to permanent anterior teeth in 12 to 15 year old school going children in urban and rural areas of Faridabad, Haryana. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out through clinical examination of the upper and lower permanent anterior teeth. Type III examination of 1,090 school children (rural=525, urban=565) was done. Dental trauma was classified according to Ellis and Davey (1960) criteria on a prepared examination form. Results: The prevalence of trauma was observed as 24% and 20.9% in rural and urban schoolchildren respectively; more prevalent in boys. The most common type of injury was the ‘enamel only’ fracture; falls and fights being the main cause of trauma; affecting the maxillary central incisor the most. A high level of untreated traumatized teeth observed in rural and urban schoolchildren was 96.8% and 81.4% respectively. Conclusion: The high prevalence and unmet treatment needs of dental trauma clearly illustrates importance of recognizing anterior tooth trauma as major dental public health problem.

Oxidative degradation of electroplating wastewater by an electro-Fenton process using GO/TiO₂NTs electrode

Sonal Rajoria,Manish Vashishtha,Vikas K Sangal 대한환경공학회 2024 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.29 No.1

Classification of Protein Structure (RMSD <= 6A˚) using Physicochemical Properties

Sonal Mishra,Yadunath Pathak,Anamika Ahirwar 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.7 No.6

The quality of the protein structure can be determined by physical and chemical properties, therefore it has been used to distinguish native or native like structure from other predicted structures. In this study, the machine learning classification models are explored with six physical and chemical properties to classify the root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the protein structure in absence of its true native state and each protein structure lies between 0A˚ to 6A˚ RMSD space. Physical and chemical properties used in this paper are total surface area, Euclidean distance, total empirical energy, secondary structure penalty, residue length, and pair number. There are total 24294 decoys, having 4919 native structures. Artificial bee colony algorithm is used to determine the feature importance. The K-fold cross validation is used to measure the robustness of the best classification model. The results show that random forest method outperforms other machine learning models in the classification of protein structure prediction with sensitivity of 0.72 and accuracy of 70.33% on testing data set. The data set used in the study is available at http://bit.ly/RMSD-Classification-DS.

Feminist Forms, International Exhibitions, and the Postcolonial Woman Artist

Sonal Khullar 현대미술사학회 2011 현대미술사연구 Vol.0 No.30

Formation of intermediate band and low recombination rate in ZnO-BiVO4 heterostructured photocatalyst: Investigation based on experimental and theoretical studies

Sonal Singh,Rishabh Sharma,Girdhar Joshi,Jitendra Kumar Pandey 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.2

We present systematic investigations on the relationship between interface formation and enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO-BiVO4 nanocomposite based on experimental techniques supported by theoretical calculations. The interaction between ZnO (101) nanosheet and BiVO4 surface at the heterojunction was explored to study the charge transfer and separation mechanism responsible for enhanced photocatalytic response. XPS results and DFT computations mutually validate the reasonable existence of ZnO-BiVO4 interface. The nanocomposite photocatalytic activity, tested for various weight ratios, was found to be highest for ZnO-BiVO4 (1 : 1) under visible-light irradiation. Moreover, the percentage removal of MB was found to be greater than RhB for the same time duration. Steady state and time resolve photoluminescence were employed to understand the carrier lifetime and emissivity. Visible light driven high photoactivity exhibited by ZnO-BiVO4 (1 : 1) was ascribed to the formation of intermediate band and comparatively low recombination rate, which facilitates the separation of electron-hole pairs. Based on the theoretical outcome, we found that valence band maximum was occupied by Bi s orbital and conduction band minimum was occupied by Zn s orbital, which indicates the maximum electron transition from BiVO4 valence band to ZnO conduction band in ZnO-BiVO4 composite. These results demonstrated that heterojunction semiconductors are an effective strategy that can be successfully applied to develop photocatalysts that respond to visible light for organic pollutant degradation.

Effect of oxygen containing compounds in uranium tetrafluoride on its non-adiabatic calciothermic reduction characteristics

Gupta, Sonal,Kumar, Raj,Satpati, Santosh K.,Sahu, Manharan L. Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.6

Uranium ingot is produced by metallothermic reduction of uranium tetrafluoride using magnesium or calcium as reductant. Presence of oxygen containing compounds viz. uranyl fluoride and uranium oxide in the starting uranium fluoride has a significant effect on the firing time, final temperature of the charge, slag-metal separation and hence the metal recovery. As reported in the literature, the maximum tolerable limit for uranyl fluoride in the UF₄ is 2.5 wt% and limit for uranium oxide content is in the range 2-3 wt%. No theoretical or experimental basis is available till date for these limits. Analyses have been carried out in this study to understand the effect of UO₂F₂ concentration in the starting fluoride on the final temperature of the products and thus the reduction characteristics. UF₄ having uranyl fluoride concentration, less than as well as more than 2.5 wt%, have been investigated. Thermodynamic calculations have been carried out to arrive at a general expression for the final temperature attained by the products during calciothermic reduction of UF₄. Finally, an upper limit for the oxygen containing impurities has been estimated using the CaO-CaF₂ phase diagram.

Re-Cellularised Kidney Scaffold for Chikungunya Virus Propagation: A Novel Approach

Walawalkar Sonal,Almelkar Shahdab 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2022 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.19 No.4

BACKGROUND: Re-emerging viral attacks are catastrophic for health and economy. It is crucial to grasp the viral life cycle, replication and mutation policies and attack strategies. It is also absolute to fathom the cost-efficient antiviral remedies earliest possible. METHODS: We propose to use a lab-grown organ (re-cellularized scaffold of sheep kidney) for viral culture and understand its interaction with extra-cellular matrices of the host tissue. RESULTS: Our findings showed that the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) could be better replicated in tissue-engineered bio models than cell culture. A decrease in ds-DNA levels emphasized that CHIKV propagates within the re-cellularized and cell culture models. There was an increase in the viral titres (pfu/ml) in re-cellularized scaffolds and control groups. The lipid peroxidation levels were increased as the infection was progressed in cell culture as well as re-cellularized and control groups. The onset and progress of the CHIKV attacks (cellular infection) lead to transmembrane domain fatty acid peroxidation and DNA breakdown, landing in cellular apoptosis. Simultaneously cell viability was inversely proportional to non-viability, and it decreased as the infection progressed in all infected groups. Histological findings and extracellular matrix evaluation showed the impairment in medullary, cortex regions due to propagation of CHIKV and plaques generations. CONCLUSION: This method will be a breakthrough for future virus culture, drug interaction and to study its effect on extracellular matrix alterations. This study will also allow us to investigate the correct role of any vaccine or antiviral drugs and their effects on re-engineered organ matrices before moving towards the animal models.

Efficacy of interventional treatment strategies for managing patients with cervicogenic headache: a systematic review

Goyal Sonal,Kumar Ajit,Mishra Priyanka,Goyal Divakar 대한마취통증의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.75 No.1

Cervicogenic headache (CeH) is caused by the disorder of the cervical spine and its anatomical structures. Patients who fail to respond to conservative therapies can undergo interventional treatment. The purpose of this review is to describe the various interventions and compare their relative efficacies. Although a few reviews have been published focusing on individual interventions, reviewing studies on other available treatments and establishing the most efficacious approach is still necessary. We performed a systematic review of studies available on the various interventions for CeH. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for literature published between January 2001 and March 2021. Based on the inclusion criteria, 23 articles were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data from the studies and summarized them in a table. Eleven of twenty-three studies evaluated the effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA), 5 evaluated occipital nerve blocks, 2 each for facet joint injections and deep cervical plexus blocks, and 1 study each evaluated atlantoaxial (AA) joint injections, cervical epidural injection, and cryoneurolysis. Most of the studies reported pain reduction except 2 studies on RFA. In conclusion, based on the available literature, occipital nerve blocks, cervical facet joint injection, AA joint injection, deep cervical plexus block, cervical epidural injection may be reasonable options in refractory cases of CeH. RFA was found to have favorable long-term outcomes, while better safety has been reported with pulsed therapy. However, our review revealed only limited evidence, and more randomized controlled trials are needed to provide more conclusive evidence.