Clinical Nutritional Approach to Human Studies on Health Functional Foods

손금희 경희대학교 대학원 2023 국내박사

A Study on the Assessment of Nutritional Adequacy and the Effects of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Extracts on Sleep Quality Improvement in Korean Adults with Poor Sleep Quality by Kumhee Son Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Nutrition Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University Advised by Dr. Hyunjung Lim Background & Aims: “Coronasomnia” is a newly coined word as sleep problems during the pandemic. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) has been known to contain hypnotic substances that induce sleep. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the effect of lettuce extract on the adults who have poor sleep quality, and to assess the nutritional adequacy of those with poor sleep quality. Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study from February 2021 to February 2022. Subjects aged from 30 to 65 who had poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) > 5) were enrolled. The subjects took 2 capsules of test or placebo every day for 4 weeks. PSQI, insomnia severity index (ISI), Epworth sleep scale (ESS), Stanford sleep scale (SSS) were measured to assess sleep quality. Actigraphy, sleep diary, and polysomnography (PSG) were used to assess sleep quantity. In addition, to assess sleep related symptoms, depression, anxiety, and fatigue were measured. Dietary intake during the study period was analyzed through 3-day food diary. The nutritional adequacy was analyzed by comparing with the estimated average requirement (EAR) from 2020 Dietary Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). Also, biochemical measurement, and adverse events were investigated for safety assessment. Results: Among the indices of sleep quality, the amount of changes in PSQI showed significant difference between the test and placebo group (daytime dysfunction: -0.87 ± 0.80 vs. -0.48 ± 0.82, p = 0.0221; global score: -4.91 ± 3.30 vs. -3.55 ± 2.66, p = 0.0328). The amount of changes in SSS showed significant difference between the test and placebo group (-0.66 ± 0.92 vs. -0.18 ± 1.02, p = 0.0206). Among the indices of sleep quantity, total sleep time (actigraphy: 27.48 ± 59.09 min vs. -8.26 ± 59.69 min, p = 0.0051; sleep diary: 32.11 ± 40.62 min vs. 14.20 ± 37.63 min, p = 0.0320) , sleep efficiency (PSG: 4.81 ± 9.53 % vs. -4.74 ± 12.06 %, p = 0.0103), and wake after sleep onset (PSG: -19.55 ± 32.59 min vs. 18.50 ± 39.16 min, p = 0.0025) improved significantly in the test group compared to the placebo group. In addition, the depression, anxiety, and fatigue symptoms improved after 4 weeks in the test group, whereas there was no significant difference in fatigue symptoms in the placebo group. As a result of evaluating nutritional adequacy, it was found that the intake of vitamin D (41.4 ± 40.3%) and magnesium (33.2 ± 14.2%) were insufficient compared with the EAR. Although there was no difference in nutritional adequacy according to severity of poor sleep quality, BMI was higher in the group with worse sleep quality. Conclusion: Lettuce extract showed possibility of improving sleep quality and quantity in the test group compared with the placebo group. As safety was also identified, it suggests that the lettuce extract can be an effective functional food to improve sleep quality. In addition, this study also showed that clinical nutritional intervention is necessary to improve sleep quality through nutritional adequacy assessment of people with poor sleep quality in Korea. Effects of Lotus and Turmeric Complex Extracts with Medical Nutrition Therapy on Blood Lipid Level in Adults with Borderline Dyslipidemia by Kumhee Son Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Nutrition Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University Advised by Dr. Hyunjung Lim Background & Aims: Lotus and turmeric extracts has been reported to have lipid-lowering effect. Medial nutrition therapy (MNT) is essential for dyslipidemia management. This study aimed to examine the effects of the lotus and turmeric complex (LTC) extracts with MNT on blood lipide levels in adults with borderline dyslipidemia in Korea. Methods: This is randomized, single-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Subjects aged from 20 to 60 with borderline dyslipidemia were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to 4 groups; Placebo (P) group, Placebo with MNT (PM) group, Test (T) group, Test with MNT (TM) group. To evaluate the effect of intervention, anthropometric measurement, blood lipid profile, dietary intakes were investigated. Results: MNT was only effective in subjects who took placebo. Changes of dietary intake such as energy (P: 215.0 ± 606.2 kcal/day; PM: -394..9 ± 542.1 kcal/day, p = 0.0041), carbohydrate (P: 23.9 ± 87.2 g/day; PM: -52.3 ± 66.2 g/day, p = 0.0073), fat (P: 7.6 ± 36.4 g/day; PM: -15.5 ± 59.6 g/day, p = 0.0212), and protein (P: 8.3 ± 27.1 g/day; PM: -15.3 ± 26.8 g/day, p = 0.0159), waist circumference (P: 091 ± 2.36 cm; PM: -2.18 ± 2.33 cm, p = 0.0006) and hip circumference (P: 0.87 ± 1.57 cm; PM: -0.92 ± 2.49 cm, p = 0.0174), triglyceride (P: 32.8 ± 61.5 mg/dL; PM: -13.1 ± 56.6, p = 0.0302) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, P: -3.1 ± 9.5 mg/dL; PM: 3.4 ± 7.8 mg/dL, p = 0.0373) were significantly larger in the group PM than P (p < 0.005). LTC was only effective in subjects who did not undertake MNT. The change of HDL-C (P: -3.06 ± 9.49 mg/dL; PM: 5.06 ± 6.43 mg/ dL, p = 0.0075) was bigger of group T than P. Conclusion: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of the LTC extract on blood lipid levels in combination with MNT in adults with borderline dyslipidemia in Korea. Dietary intake, anthropometric measurements and blood lipid profile were improved only in the MNT with placebo combination group. LTC only influenced HDL-C improvement in group that did not perform MNT.

Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Bacteria, and Their Structural Characterization and Applications

손용준 부산대학교 대학원 2018 국내석사

Metal nanoparticles show unique physical and chemical properties that are different from those of macro scale metals. In particular, among the metal nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles feature to make them interesting for use in many fields of science and technology. Generally, gold nanoparticles are synthesized using various physical and chemical methods. However, these methods have high energy consumption, high cost, and toxic chemicals used are harmful to humans and the environment. Therefore, the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by bacteria is to have an alternative, as these are rapid, inexpensive, and eco-friendly. In the present study, gold nanoparticles were synthesized by biological methods using culture supernatant of Lactobacillus plantarum K-21. The synthesis of gold nanoparticles was the maximum when the culture supernatant was treated with 5.0 mM HAuCl4 at pH 9 and 60 ℃ for 6 h. The presence of gold nanoparticles was confirmed from the surface plasmon resonance intensified at ~540 nm and change in color for the culture supernatant from yellow to purple. Gold nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD and particle size analysis. The stability of the synthesized gold nanoparticles was analyzed by zeta potential measurement. Moreover, the cytotoxicity, dye degradation and tyrosinase inhibition activity of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles were also investigated.

Optical Properties of D2O and H2O Mixtures in Terahertz Region

Chong, Joonggun University of seoul 2010 해외석사

Terahertz Characteristics of Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles

Lee, Dong-Kyu University of Seoul 2010 해외석사

Aldol reaction with glycine enolates and a phase transfer catalyst; α-Amino acids synthesis

손원경 영남대학교 대학원 2020 국내석사

광학활성을 갖는 베타-하이드록시-알파-아미노산 및 이들의 유도체는 생체에 널리 이용되는 물질로서, 이들을 대량 생산하기 위한 합성방법으로 4급 암모늄염을 상 이동 촉매로 사용하는, 상 이동 반응을 통한 에스터의 합성으로 아미노산을 합성하는 방법이 최근 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 4급 암모늄염 촉매는 비대칭 알돌반응에서 기존에 알려진 니켈 촉매를 사용하는 것보다 친환경적이다. 특히, 키랄성 알칼로이드에서 유래된 암모늄염을 촉매로 사용함으로써 광학활성을 갖는 베타-하이드록시-알파-아미노 에스터의 효율적인 비대칭 합성이 가능하게 되었으나 베타-하이드록시-알파-아미노 에스터의 생성 반응시에 조촉매를 사용해야하며, 반응 온도를 -50 ℃혹은 65 ℃로 유지하여야 하는바, 여전히 공업적인 적용에 어려움이 있었다. 이를 개선하기위해, 다이 페닐 에테르를 연결고리로 사용하여 이중 신코나를 부착한 새로운 상 전이 촉매를 합성하였으며, 이를 활용하여 비대칭 알돌 반응을 진행하고 생성물의 광학수율을 측정하였다. 3 몰%의 촉매량과 알데하이드 4 당량을 사용하여 2~6 시간의 반응시간에서 반응 온도를 20 ℃으로 유지하여 최대 83 %이상의 높은 광학수율을 가진다. 이를 통하여 다이 페닐 에테르로 가교된 이중 신코나 상 전이 촉매는 기존 알려진 알돌반응의 촉매보다 우수한 효율을 보였으며 비천연 비대칭 아미노산 유도체 합성 반응에 적합하다. 또한, 다이 페닐 에테르의 에너지 장벽이 낮아 쉽게 회전이 가능하여 전이 상태가 안정해진다. 두 암모늄 염의 F1, F4 측면이 서로 직교된 상태가 될수록 다이머로써의 기능을 나타낸다. 따라서 촉매에 따른 광학수율은 F1, F4 측면이 서로 직교되어있는 파라-파라 다이머가 제일 높고 메타-파라, 메타-메타 다이머 순으로 증가하였다.

Preparation and Characterization of Polyisobutylene-substituted Metallophthalocyanines for Non-covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes by Son, Hoseung

Son, Hoseung 부산대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

리튬 존재 하에 PIB(polyisobutylene)이 치환된 프탈로나이트릴을 프탈로시아닌으로 합성 후, 프탈로시아닌 중심에 전이 금속 Fe, Co를 삽입시켜 PIB치환 금속 프탈로시아닌(PIB-MPc)을 합성하였다. PIB 치환기의 무극성 특성과 Pc의 평평한 분자 구조 때문에 PIB-MPcs는 단일 벽 탄소 나노 튜브 (SWCNT)에 높은 친화성과 강한 흡착력을 나타내어 결과적으로 일반적인 용매에서 SWCNT의 분산을 가능하게하고 안정화시켰다. PIB-MPc/ SWCNT 복합체는 다양한 분석방법을 통해 복합체 형성을 확인하였다. 또한, 산소 환원 반응 (ORR)을 위한 PIB-MPc/ SWCNT 복합체의 전기 촉매 성능을 전기 화학적 분석 방법에 의해 평가 되었다. 특히, PIB-FePc/ SWCNT 복합체는 ORR 활성의 우수한 전기 촉매 특성을 나타내며, 모든 인가한 전압에 대해 최대 3.92의 전자 전달(electron transfer number) 수치를 나타내어 4 개의 전자 경로를 촉진시켰다. 이 연구의 결과는 SWCNTs 표면에 흡착된 PIB-MPcs가 ORR 과정을 촉진 시켰으며 Pt-free 전기 촉매의 잠재적 인 후보자 중 하나가 될 것이라고 기대된다. Polyisobutylene-substituted metallophthalocyanines (PIB-MPcs) were prepared by direct tetramerization of PIB-phthalonitrile in the presence of lithium, followed by demetallation, and subsequent insertion of Co(II) and Fe(II) into the central cavity of the phthalocyanines (Pcs). Due to the nonpolar nature of the PIB substituents and the flat molecular structure of the Pc macrocycles, the PIB-MPcs exhibited high affinity and strong adhesion to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), which consequently enabled and stabilized the dispersion of the SWCNTs in most common solvents. The prepared PIB-MPc/SWCNT complexes were characterized by various characterization methods. Furthermore, the electrocatalytic performances of the PIB-MPc/SWCNT complexes for an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were evaluated by electrochemical investigations. In particular, the PIB-FePc/SWCNT complexes exhibited superior electrocatalytic properties of ORR activity, with electron transfer numbers of up to 3.92 over all applied voltages, promoting four electron pathways. The results of this study suggest that the PIB- MPcs supported on SWCNTs have facilitated ORR processes and would be one of potential candidates for Pt-free electrocatalysts.

Neurobiological and behavioral alteration in the maternal social separation rats

Son, Chang-Hee 강원대학교 2006 국내석사

Abnormal early-life experience can lead to increased vulnerability to depression with symptoms of depressed mood, impaired coping, anhedonia and etc. Previous reports showed that apoptosis of granular cells was increased, and cell proliferation and volume of dentate gyruse were decreased in hippocampus of maternal social separation (MSS) pups, separated from dams on postnatal day 14 and placed alone. Therefore, to understand the molecular events involved in the MSS, I have initiated a search for gene profiles that are up or down-regulated in the hippocampus of MSS pups by cDNA microarray. Also, passive-avoidance test was demonstrated. Up-regulation of Nedd4a and Ndrg2 in hippocampus was observed in MSS rats. Also, MSS rats showed less elongation of latency in passive avoidance test. Therefore, it could be suggested that neurobiological alteration may be altered the neural and/or glial differentiation and synapse formation which may lead cognitive alterations in MSS rats. 유아기의 비정상적인 경험들은 우울증과 같은 기분장애에 대한 위험성을 증가시킬 수 있다. 선행 연구들에 의하면 생후 14일에 어미와 분리하여 혼자 사육한 쥐들에서 치아랑의 부피 및 세포 분열의 감소 그리고 세포자살의 증가가 생겨났다. 그럼으로, 모성, 사회성 분리가 미치는 영향을 분자 수준에서 살펴보기 위하여, 모성, 사회성 분리 쥐들의 해마에서 cDNA microarray 방법을 이용하여 조절되는 유전자를 탐색하였다. 또한, passive-avoidance test 도 수행하였다. 모성, 사횡성 분리 쥐들의 해마에서 Nedd4a 와 Ndrg2 유전자들이 과발현한 것이 확인되었다. 또한, 모성, 사회성 분리 모델에서의 경우 passive avoidance test에서 잠재 시간이 감소되었다. 그럼으로, 모성, 사회성 쥐들에서 인지기능이 감퇴된 것은 신경생화학적 이상에 의해 신경 혹은 교세포의 분화 및 시냅스 형성이 원활하지 못하기 때문일 수도 있다.

Restructuring the Mobile Telephone Industry : by Young Dal Son

Son, Young Dal KDI School 2000 국내석사

The Harvard Classics - The Five Foot Shelf of Books : ThePrince - N. Machiavelli, Utopia- Sir T. More, Ninety-Five Theses - M. Luther

P.F. Collier & son P.F. Collier & son 1910 국내박사

Real-time cell secretion analysis inside microfluidic devices

Son, Kyungjin ProQuest LLC 2016 국내박사