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ASR for EFL Pronunciation Practice: Segmental Development and Learners’ Beliefs
Solène Inceoglu,Hyojung Lim,Wen-Hsin Chen 아시아영어교육학회 2020 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.17 No.3
The current study explored the usefulness of mobile-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) pronunciation practice by investigating a) its effects on the production of four English vowels, and b) learners’ perception of ASR as a learning tool. A total of 19 Korean university students produced 28 minimal pair sentences containing the English vowel contrasts /i/-/ɪ/ and /ɛ/-/æ/ (e.g., I said beat, I said bit) at pretest and posttest, and completed six sessions of ASR practice outside of class that involved voice-typing a short text, minimal pairs in sentences, and decontextualized minimal pairs. Results of acoustic analysis of F1 and F2 formant frequencies showed a meaningful improvement in frontness for the vowel /i/, but no changes for the other vowels. Overall, the majority of the participants perceived ASR as useful for pronunciation practice, but some showed skepticism and frustration regarding the current state of the technology. Further discussed are the problems and limitations that EFL learners experienced during the ASR training.
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Meyer Mikael,Prost Solène,Farah Kaissar,Denis Jean-Baptiste,Dufour Henry,Blondel Benjamin,Fuentes Stéphane 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.3
Study Design: Observational study.Purpose: The actual sanitary crisis led to a massive mobilization of the sanitary system toward intensive care units and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, some patients still require spinal interventions. The present study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on spine surgical in a moderate COVID-19 cluster region.Overview of Literature: Previous studies have reported screening and management of patients with spinal conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, to date, knowledge, no observational study on spine surgeries during the pandemic has not been reported.Methods: Between March 17, 2020 and April 17, 2020, information on spine surgical activity was prospectively collected at our institution. This surgical activity related to the first month of confinement in France was compared to the activity during the same period in 2019 to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical activities.Results: In order to reduce the contamination rate of patients and medical staff during hospitalization, the spine department was completely reorganized. Non-urgent elective spine surgeries were cancelled. When considering the global amount of surgeries procedures during the first month of confinement, a decrease of almost 50% was observed in the number of surgical procedures. During the study period, 62 patients were eligible for spine surgery. The numbers of patients managed for tumor and infectious cases were stable, while a considerable reduction was observed in the number of trauma and degenerative cases. During the follow-up period, two patients were tested as COVID+ during the postoperative course, and no cases of medical or paramedical staff contamination were reported using polymerase chain reaction-testing.Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is possible to maintain spine surgical activity. Each surgical procedure must be discussed and organized with all the caregivers involved. Indications for surgery must be in line with the scientific guidelines and adapted to each healthcare facility.
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Jérôme Mounier,Geneviève Héry-Arnaud,Audrey Gouëllo,Marlène Keravec,Solène Le Gal,Grégory Pacini,Stella Debaets,Gilles Nevez,Gilles Rault,Georges Barbier 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.4
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of denaturinghigh-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) to characterizecystic fibrosis (CF) airway microbiota includingboth bacteria and fungi. DHPLC conditions were first optimizedusing a mixture of V6, V7 and V8 region 16S rRNAgene PCR amplicons from 18 bacterial species commonlyfound in CF patients. Then, the microbial diversity of 4 sputumsamples from 4 CF patients was analyzed using culturalmethods, cloning/sequencing (for bacteria only) and DHPLCpeak fraction collection/sequencing. DHPLC analysis allowedidentifying more bacterial and fungal species than the classicalculture methods, including well-recognized pathogenssuch as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Even if a lower number ofbacterial Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) was identifiedby DHPLC, it allowed to find OTUs unidentified bycloning/sequencing. The combination of both techniquespermitted to correlate the majority of DHPLC peaks to definedOTUs. Finally, although Aspergillus fumigatus detectionusing DHPLC can still be improved, this techniqueclearly allowed to identify a higher number of fungal speciesversus classical culture-based methods. To conclude, DHPLCprovided meaningful additional data concerning pathogenicbacteria and fungi as well as fastidious microorganisms presentwithin the CF respiratory tract. DHPLC can be consideredas a complementary technique to culture-dependentanalyses in routine microbiological laboratories.
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Heesch, Svenja,Cho, Ga Youn,Peters, Akira F.,Le Corguillé,, Gildas,Falentin, Cyril,Boutet, Gilles,Coë,del, Solè,ne,Jubin, Claire,Samson, Gaelle,Corre, Erwan,Coelho, Susana M.,Mark Cock Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 The New phytologist Vol.188 No.1
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P><P> <I>Ectocarpus siliculosus</I> has been proposed as a genetic and genomic model for the brown algae and the 214 Mbp genome of this organism has been sequenced. The aim of this project was to obtain a chromosome‐scale view of the genome by constructing a genetic map using microsatellite markers that were designed based on the sequence supercontigs.</P><P>To map genetic markers, a segregating F<SUB>2</SUB> population was generated from a cross between the sequenced strain (Ec 32) and a compatible strain from northern Chile. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis indicated a significant degree of polymorphism (41%) between the genomes of these two parental strains. Of 1,152 microsatellite markers that were selected for analysis based on their location on long supercontigs, their potential as markers and their predicted ability to amplify a single genomic locus, 407 were found to be polymorphic.</P><P>A genetic map was constructed using 406 markers, resulting in 34 linkage groups. The 406 markers anchor 325 of the longest supercontigs on to the map, representing 70.1% of the genome sequence.</P><P>The <I>Ectocarpus</I> genetic map described here not only provides a large‐scale assembly of the genome sequence, but also represents an important tool for future genetic analysis using this organism.</P></P>
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