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외부지향 기업문화와 직무소진 간의 관계: 조직 내 커뮤니케이션의 매개효과와 HR부서의 전략적 역할의 조절된 매개효과
홍소정 ( Hong¸ Sojung ),심명정 ( Shim¸ Myungjung ),이윤수 ( Lee¸ Yunsoo ) 한국경영공학회 2021 한국경영공학회지 Vol.26 No.3
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of communication and the moderated mediating effect of the role of human resource (HR) in the relationship between external-oriented organizational culture and burnout. Methods We analyzed the responses of 10,005 employees from the 2017 human capital corporate panel (HCCP) dataset with SPSS PROCESS macro. Results (1)The moderating effect of the role of HR was significant. (2)Communication partially mediated the relationship between innovative-oriented culture and burnout and fully meditated the relationship of task-oriented culture and burnout. (3)The moderated mediating effect of the role of HR was significant. Conclusion Based on the findings, the present study discussed implications on the relationship between organizational culture and burnout according to the role of HR effect.
주소정 ( Joo¸ So-jung ) 한국독일어교육학회 2020 외국어로서의 독일어 Vol.47 No.-
한 번도 배운 적이 없으나 선행 언어학습 경험을 토대로 그 의미를 쉽게 추론할 수 있는 어휘를 잠재어휘라 한다. 제3언어 수업에서 잠재어휘는 학습자가 목표어에 빠르고 쉽게 입문하도록 도와주며, 듣거나 읽었을 때 이해 가능한 수동어휘를 효율적으로 확장시키는 데 기여한다. 또한 초급 수업에서부터 실제텍스트 활용을 가능하게 해준다. 독일어 어휘에도 영어학습 경험을 토대로 쉽게 의미추론이 가능한 어휘가 다수 존재하는데, 지금까지 독일어 수업에서는 이와 같은 잠재어휘의 무한한 활용 가능성이 전혀 주목을 받지 못했다. 본 연구는 어휘 의미추론 실험을 통해 독일어 어휘 가운데 한국인 학습자가 잠재어휘로 활용할 수 있는 어휘를 구체적으로 파악하고, 개인의 언어학습 경험과 관련된 변인들이 추론능력에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 어휘실험I과 II에서 의미추론이 이루어진 총 384개의 어휘 가운데 60% 이상의 추론 성공률을 보인 어휘는 전체 어휘 수의 50%가 넘는 187개 어휘로, 이들 대부분은 상응하는 영어 어휘와 뚜렷한 형태적, 음성적 유사성을 지니고 있다. 그 밖에도 문맥적 단서의 유무에 따라 상이한 추론 성공률을 보였으며, 영어 성적이나 학습한 외국어의 종류 및 수와 같은 언어학습 경험에서 비롯된 개인적 변인들이 성공률에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합적으로 고려해 볼 때, 독일어 학습자들이 보유하고 있는 상당수의 잠재어휘를 독일어 학습에 적극적으로 활용함으로써 학습의 효율성을 높일 수 있으며, 교육과정 기본어휘표에 수록된 어휘를 수동어휘와 능동어휘로 구분함으로써 독일어 학습자의 어휘 학습 부담을 경감시킬 수 있을 것이다. Unter dem potentiellen Wortschatz versteht man diejenigen Wörter, die man vorher nie gehört oder gelernt hat, aber deren Bedeutung trotzdem beim erstmaligen Lesen oder Hören ohne Schwierigkeit verstanden bzw. erschlossen werden kann. Die Nutzung des potentiellen Wortschatzes ermöglicht den Tertiärsprachenlernenden einen schnellen Einstieg in die Zielsprache, die effiziente Erweiterung des passiven Wortschatzes und zudem den Einsatz authentischer Texte im Fremdsprachenunterricht bereits in der Anfangsphase. Im deutschen Wortschatz besteht auch eine große Anzahl an Wörtern, deren Bedeutung koreanische DaF-Lernende aufgrund der Analogien zwischen Deutsch und Englisch ohne großen Aufwand erschließen können. Somit wurde in dieser Studie anhand des Wortschatztests empirisch nachgeweisen, welche der deutschen Wörter, die mit Englisch phonologische bzw. orthografische Ähnlichkeiten aufweisen, in der Tat als potentieller Wortschatz klassifiziert werden können. Außerdem wurde festgestellt, dass die Variablen aus der individuellen Fremdsprachenlernbiografie die Erschließungskompetenz der DaF-Lernenden beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Forschung weisen darauf hin, dass der potentielle Wortschatz durch Aktivierung der Fremdsprachenlernerfahrungen der DaF-Lernenden in der Unterrichtspraxis gezielte Anwendung finden kann und die Wörter auf der Grundwortschatzliste künftig in passiven und aktiven Wortschatz unterteilt und dementsprechend differenziert gelernt werden sollten.
Performance Modeling of an EPC Information Service System
Sojung Kim,Yongshin Kang,Kyungwon Son,Yong-Han Lee,Jongtae Rhee,Sung Jo Hong 대한산업공학회 2010 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.9 No.3
To obtain visible and traceable information from the supply chain, HW/SW standards for the EPC global network, which process electronic product code (EPC) data read from Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, are regarded as the de facto industry standard. Supply chain participants install information service systems and provide logistics information to partners by following the EPCglobal architecture framework. Although quality of service (QoS) is essential for providing dependable and scalable services as pointed out by Auto-ID Lab, only a few models for the performance analysis of QoS-related work have been developed in the context of EPC information service systems. Specifically, doing so allows alternative design choices to be tested in an easy and cost-effective manner and can highlight potential performance problems in designs long before any construction costs are incurred. Thus, in this study we construct a model of an EPC information service system for the purposes of performance analysis and designing a dependable system. We also develop a set of building blocks for analytical performance models. To illustrate how the model works, we determine the characteristics of an EPC information service system and then select a combination of these proven modeling concepts. We construct a performance model that considers the response time and shows how to derive meaningful performance values. Finally, we compare the analytical results to measurements of the EPC information service system.
Sojung Park,최만식,Dongjun Jang,조동진,Kyunggue Park 한국해양과학기술원 2020 Ocean science journal Vol.55 No.1
In this study, we investigated the spatial and temporal distribution and sources of dissolved and particulate heavy metals in Masan Bay, an area that for a long time has been contaminated by waste from surrounding large industrial complexes and metropolitan cities. Surface seawater samples from 16 sites around inner Masan Bay and offshore were collected over four survey periods (October 2015 and June, August, and November 2016). The spatial gradients of dissolved and particulate heavy metal concentrations generally overwhelmed the temporal variability, with a sharp decrease in metal concentrations, as well as salinity, with distance from the innermost site near the river mouth toward offshore. This tendency was maintained throughout all four survey periods. With the exception of zone I (sites 1–4), the concentrations of dissolved and particulate heavy metals showed little spatial variability, although possible sources of heavy metals, such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs; Dukdong and Jinhae), were located in the area. The main sources of several heavy metals would be the river water itself, as well as the release processes of river particles. Metalenriched biological particles from river water and WWTP effluent were the main contributors to the particulate metal concentrations during June and August; however, during October and November, the particulate metal concentrations were supplied by detrital particles similar to sediment. The contamination index was calculated using metal concentrations in offshore samples as the background concentrations. Mn, Co, and Zn contamination in zone I ranged from grade 3 to 5, indicating moderate to strong pollution conditions.
Sojung Lee,Heejong Kim,Jung-Hee Kim,이동훈,Man-Sub Kim,양영,우은란,김양미,홍진태,강정우,윤도영 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.7
Amentoflavone, a biflavonoid from Selaginella tamariscina, is known to possess several bioactivities such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal effects. However, the mechanism of the anticancer effects of amentoflavone on human cervical cancer cells has not been studied in detail. In this study, we demonstrated that amentoflavone induces apoptosis in SiHa and CaSki cervical cancer cells by suppressing human papillomavirus protein E7 expression. The cyclins and tumor suppressors were modulated by amentoflavone in SiHa and CaSki human cervical cancer cells: cyclin and hyperphosphorylated retinoblastoma (p-pRb) were down-regulated, whereas cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and p53 were enhanced. Amentoflavone up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression levels while inhibiting E7-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/interleukin-32 (IL-32) expressions were downregulated, and Akt phosphorlylation was decreased in an amentoflavone-induced apoptotic process, suggesting that amentoflavone may be a PPARγ activator. Additionally, the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 was decreased, whereas that of the well-known apoptotic factor Bax was increased, thereby releasing cytochrome c into cytosol in amentoflavone-treated cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, amentoflavone treatment led to the activation of caspase-3 and -9 and proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The expression level of the extrinsic death receptor Fas (CD95) was not altered by amentoflavone treatment. When these findings are taken together, the biflavonoid amentoflavone activates PPARγ/PTEN expressions and induces apoptosis via suppressing E7 expression, cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 phase, and mitochondria-emanated intrinsic pathways in SiHa and CaSki human cervical cancer cells. These findings suggest that amentoflavone has potential for development as a therapeutic agent for human cervical cancer.
Sojung Lee,Wooki Kim 한국산업식품공학회 2017 학술대회 및 심포지엄 Vol.2017 No.11
Previous studies demonstrated that rice bran oil has an anti-inflammatory effect. The current study investigated if the immune responses and energy metabolism phenotypes were affected by rice bran oil. Rice bran oil and palm oil, which served as an experimental control, were treated to RAW 264.7 macrophages respectively, followed by LPS stimulation so as to quantify the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. The expression of surface markers i.e. CD 80, CD 86 and MHC-classⅡ and mitochondrial metabolism phenotypes were also tested. The data exhibited rice bran oil suppressed inflammatory responses and mitochondrial metabolism were modulated by rice bran oil. These results warrant the necessity for the compositional and/or mechanistic studies to elucidate the details.
GLOCALIZATION STRATEGY IN CHINA: THE EFFECTS OF BRAND NAME AND ENDORSER ETHNICITY
Sojung Kim,Ka Yi Luk,Binfang Xia,Nan Xu,Xinzhu Yin 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2017 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2017 No.07
Focusing on the effectiveness of a glocalization advertising strategy in China, findings suggest that the ethnicity of endorser moderates the effect of bilingual brand naming (use of both foreign and Chinese brand names) on perceptions of a brand’s luxury quality. Introduction Given a long debate between standardization and localization, many corporations, as a solution, prefer to use both (Featherstone 1990, Sklair, 1995; Friedman, 1999). The right balance of standardization and localization is viewed as the key to success of brands being implemented at a global level, especially in countries the cultural values of which completely differ from those of the brand’s country of origin. The degree of standardization or localization in advertising is determined by various advertising elements. Advertising transfers cultural meaning through signs such as language, aesthetics, endorsers, and so forth, with brands hoping that target audiences positively associate the cultural meanings with the advertised brand (Leclerc, Schmitt & Dubé, 1994; Schmitt, Pan & Tavassoli, 1994; Cheng & Schweitzer, 1996). A brand name and the ethnicity of an endorser, out of the advertising signs, have been recognized as significant cues for conveying a brand image to consumers. This suggests that, in such a place as China, a foreign brand name or a foreign endorser in advertising produces more positive advertising-related responses for a product with foreign characteristics, compared with a Chinese brand name or a Chinese endorser (Zhang & Zhang, 2010). However, when taking a combination of the two strategies or considering the extent of localization in China, little is known about the effectiveness of a glocalization strategy in global advertising in China, which is one of the most attractive international markets to global brands, in particular, luxury brands. In reality, consistent with the argument that the combination of standardization and localization is effective, a number of luxury brands (e.g., Chanel ‘香奈儿’, Dior ‘迪奥’, Bottega Veneta ‘葆蝶家’, Estée Lauder ‘雅诗兰黛’, etc.) create their Chinese brand names when entering the Chinese market while retaining their foreign brand names. This is because most foreign brand names are either too complicated or lengthy, making it difficult for Chinese consumers to remember them or pronounce them (Zheng, 2013). Therefore, the current study attempts to examine the effectiveness of bilingual brand names as a means of a glocalization strategy. Specifically, this study investigates how languages of brand name (presentation of brand name: foreign brand name only vs. Chinese brand name only vs. both of the foreign and Chinese brand names) and the ethnicity of an endorser (Western vs. Chinese) affect consumer perception of the brand’s luxuriousness and consequently influence purchase intention. Method A 3 (language of brand name: foreign brand name only vs. Chinese brand name only vs. both foreign and Chinese brand names) x 2 (ethnicity of celebrity endorser: Western vs. Chinese) between-subject experimental study was conducted to test proposed hypotheses. Six versions of a manipulated print advertisement represented the experimental conditions. For the experiment, data were collected from a sample of 150 undergraduate students in Mainland China through a snowballing sampling technique. To increase internal validity, undergraduate students were used as the sample in the current study as it is suggested that university students are relatively a homogeneous group to reduce individual differences. In addition, considering that most of consumers for luxury goods in China are under 45 years old (Atsmon & Dixit, 2009), and the younger generation (25-35 years old) has been growing into the core consumers for luxury goods in China (Bain & Company, 2014), undergraduates are the potential consumers of luxury brands as they will, in the near future, accumulate consumption power. All subjects logged onto the study’s website, where they were randomly assigned to one of the six experimental conditions. LONGINES, a Switzerland luxury watch brand, was selected as the representative of a luxury brand for subjects, as this particular brand embraces a high degree of localization, having both English and Chinese brand names and both foreign and Chinese celebrity endorsers. It also enjoys high awareness among Chinese consumers. To manipulate the language of the brand name, three variations were used: presentation of brand name in a foreign language [LONGINES], presentation of brand name in Chinese [ 浪琴], and presentation of both brand names in a print advertisement. In the history of its advertising, LONGINES has employed 15 celebrity endorsers, 4 being Chinese. To manipulate the ethnicity of the celebrity endorser, out of the 15 endorsers, Simon Baker and Kate Winslet were selected as Western endorsers while Aaron Kwok, and Lin Chi-ling were used as Chinese endorsers. To reduce confounding effects by using a real brand, brand familiarity and brand attitude were included as covariates in the study. Findings Luxurious Perception of the Brand While controlling brand familiarity (p < .05) and brand attitude (p < .001), the language of the brand name, F(2,142) = 5.254, p < .01, had a significant main effect on the perception of a brand’s luxury quality. More specifically, a follow-up post hoc test indicated that subjects who saw the ad presenting the foreign brand name in Latin showed a stronger perception of a brand’s luxury quality than did those exposed to the ads that presented the Chinese brand name or both of the foreign and Chinese brand names. However, we found no significant difference between the presentation of the Chinese brand name and the presentation of both foreign and Chinese brand names. On the other hand, the ethnicity of the endorser was not found to have a significant effect on the perception of a brand’s luxury quality (p > .05). The results further revealed a significant interaction between the language of the brand name and the ethnicity of the endorser on the perception of a brand’s luxury quality, F(2,142) = 5.647, p < .01. Specifically, Figure 1 shows that both brand names produced a weaker perception of a brand’s luxury quality than the foreign brand name only when the Western endorser is presented, however, both brand names produced an equal effect to the foreign brand name only when the Chinese endorser is presented. The language of brand name, while controlling brand familiarity (p < .05) and brand attitude (p < .001), exhibited a significant effect on purchase intention, F(2,142) = 3.472, p < .05. A follow-up post hoc test revealed that the presentation of the foreign brand name or both of the foreign and Chinese brand names in the ad generated higher purchase intention than the presentation of the Chinese brand name. However, there was no significant difference between the conditions of the foreign brand name and the both brand names. With respect to the main effect of the ethnicity of an endorser on purchase intention, the data did not exhibit a significant effect (p > .05). No significant interaction effect between the language of brand name and the ethnicity of an endorser emerged (p > .05). Mediating Role of Luxurious Perception of the Brand To confirm the moderated mediation of the perception of a brand’s luxury quality on purchase intention, the PROCESS macro model 8 was performed. The study found significant effects of the interaction on the perception of a brand’s luxury quality: βBrand name x Endorser = .54, SE = .17, p < .01. Then, when we examined the joint effects of the interaction effect and luxurious perception of the brand on purchase intention, no significant effect was found from the interaction; βBrand name x Endorser = -.02, SE = .24, p > .05, emerged on purchase intention. However, the effect of the perception of a brand’s luxury quality was still significant; βBrand name x Endorser = .33, SE = .12, p < .01. This implies that the interaction effect of the two independent variables had an indirect effect on purchase intention through the perception of a brand’s luxury quality (CI95, 1,000 bootstrapped samples [.0492, .4229]). Specifically, the perception of a brand’s luxury quality mediated the effect of the language of brand name on purchase intention only in the condition of a Western endorser (CI95: [-.3161, -.0429]), but not in the condition of a Chinese endorser (CI95: [-.0298, .1254]). Discussion The study supports the argument that a brand name is a strong cue for consumer judgment (Thakor & Lavack, 2003; De Mooij, 2010; Elena & Segev, 2012) by suggesting that when a brand uses a foreign brand name (Roman Alphabet), consumers are more likely to view the brand as luxurious; also consumers are more likely to be willing to purchase the brand than when it uses a Chinse brand name. Interestingly, bilingual brand naming has been found to be somewhat complicated. The study suggests that using both foreign and Chinese brand names is as ineffective as using a Chinese brand name only for luxurious perception of the brand. This may be because the use of a Chinese brand name along with a foreign brand name dilutes the cultural meanings (e.g., status, social distinction, etc.) that the foreign brand name on its own transfers to consumers. With respect to purchase intention, however, the use of bilingual brand naming produces an effect equal to the use of a foreign brand name only. This finding indicates that a brand name may be more associated with the perception of brand’s luxury quality than intention to purchase the brand. This further implies that the effectiveness of a glocalization strategy of the brand name by adding a Chinese brand name to an original foreign brand name should be considered with caution. In addition, the current study extends prior research on multi-cue models of country-of-origin effects by demonstrating the moderating role of the ethnicity of an endorser in the effectiveness of the language of a brand name. When a brand uses a Western celebrity endorser, the glocalization strategy of bilingual brand naming seems to be less effective; consumers have a weaker perception of a brand’s luxury quality, compared with a foreign brand name. However, bilingual brand naming is just as effective as foreign brand naming when it uses a Chinese celebrity as the endorser. Supporting previous findings about the synergistic effect of multiple foreign cues (Huang, Fan, & Zhou, 2008), this study implies while the foreign brand name still serves as a foreign cue in bilingual brand naming, the Chinese brand name attenuates the positive effect of the foreign brand name and weakens the synergistic effect from the foreign cues of the foreign brand name and the Western endorser. On the other hand, when a Chinese celebrity endorses the brand, there may not be a synergistic effect from the multiple foreign cues of the foreign brand name and the endorser. Therefore, adding a Chinese brand name to a foreign brand name may not significantly moderate the positive effect of the foreign brand name. Finally, this paper suggests that consumer perception of a product having luxury quality seems to be a strong driver in determining the purchase of a luxury brand, especially when a western celebrity endorsers the brand. Managerially, the study provides insights into the selection of an effective brand-naming strategy and an endorser for advertising when luxury brands do business in the Chinese market. Bilingual brand naming is becoming a common practice in China. Given such a trend in China, is the glocalization strategy on brand naming being deemed effective? If viewing advertising effectiveness from the perspective of enhancing luxurious brand image, the strategy of bilingual brand naming seems to work poorly in China compared with standardized foreign brand naming. It may not be that simple, though, because multiple cues are used to infer cultural meanings of luxury brands and, furthermore, the cues would interact with one another. Considering that many luxury brands use celebrities, especially Chinese celebrities in the Chinese market, foreign or bilingual brand naming is critical to the success of luxury brands, yielding equal effectiveness in luxury perception. This implies that if a brand uses a foreign brand name only, a Western endorser would be more desirable. If the brand adopts bilingual brand naming, then utilizing a Chinese endorser would seem advisable. The study further suggests that the localized strategy in brand name–the use of a Chinese brand name only–is not a good idea for luxury brands in China.