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Sohail AHMED1,Waqas WAKIL,David MANTLE,Richard M. WILKINS,권용정 한국곤충학회 2008 Entomological Research Vol.38 No.3
To investigate the high activity of intracellular proteases in insecticide resistant strains of Musca domestica L., purification by anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration of one of the enzymes, alanyl aminopeptidase (Ala AP), in three strains of Musca domestica was carried out. The fractions collected by gel filtration of soluble homogenates of the three strains (571ab, 17bb and Cooper) showed a single peak of Ala AP activity. Partially purified Ala AP of the three strains showed high activity at pH 7.5. The presence or absence of Ca2+ in the assay medium did not produce any difference in activity of Ala AP in the 571ab and Cooper strains, but there was a significant difference in the 17bb strain. The activity of Ala AP in all three strains was essentially unaltered in the presence of inhibitors of serine (PMSF), cysteine (E-64) proteases and carboxypeptidases (pepstatin). Ala AP hydrolyzed alanine amino methylcoumarin (Ala-AMC) maximally, followed by phenyl alanine amino methylcoumarin (Phe-AMC), leucyl amino methylcoumarin (Leu-AMC) and ornithine amino methylcoumarin (Orn-AMC). Ala AP from the three strains showed differential activity towards various substrates. The comparison of alanyl aminopeptidase’'s activity from different sources is discussed.
Sohail Majid Zamani,Abolhassan Vafaei,A. A. Aghakouchak,Chandrakant Desai 한국강구조학회 2011 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.11 No.2
Concentric bracings composed of three members arranged in y shaped geometry have been traditionally used to provide openings in braced bays. However, simultanous occurance of compression in three braces leads to instability and out of plane buckling of braces accompanied by low hysteretic energy absorption. In order to study the behavior of y-braced frames, a research program including experimental tests was conducted at BHRC† structural engineering laboratory. Quasi-static cyclic loading was applied to specimens including four full-scale two-bay frames with y-bracings of different cross sections and connection types.The bays are braced symmetrically to have a combination of tensile and compressive braces at all loading stages. The results show that out-of-plane buckling with single curvature in braces can be substituted by in plane, double curvature buckling through appropriate detailing of cross sections and connections.Thus, hysteretic energy dissipation of ybracing is remarkably improved due to spreading of plastic strains in braces. In this paper, seismic performance of y-braced frame specimens and a reference X-braced frame are also assessed by capacity spectrum method.
PHA synthesis by bacteria using low density polyethylene, starches and cellulosics
Sohail Rafeya,Batool Rida,Jamil Nazia 한국미생물학회 2021 미생물학회지 Vol.57 No.3
This study was conducted for optimization of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production using starches, cellulosics as carbon sources and mixed cultures. The capability of PHA producers to degrade and utilize LDPE (Low-density polyethylene) by carbon assimilation was also studied. Tannery effluents were used for isolation of PHA producers and screened using Nile blue and Nile red supplemented media. PHA production studies showed optimal PHA production occurred during 24 to 48 h time. Maximum PHA production was obtained at 24 h. After 48 h, gradual decline in PHA production was observed. Best candidate for PHA production was found to be strain PWF, based on number, size of granules inside cell, and %PHA production. PHA production was also optimized by use of mixed culture. Among starch-based sources, highest production rates were on pure starch. Among cellulose-based sources, maximum production rates were on dry wood powder instead of pure crystalline cellulose. In contrast, wood extract and wood shavings showed more pronounced PHA production rates, comparable to production on dry wood powder. LDPE utilization as sole carbon source in selective media showed that PHA producers were able to degrade synthetic plastic. Focus of future studies can be PHA production using these sources on industrial scale.
Survivability Analysis of MANET Routing Protocols under DOS Attacks
( Sohail Abbas ),( Muhammad Haqdad ),( Muhammad Zahid Khan ),( Haseeb Ur Rehman ),( Ajab Khan ),( Atta Ur Rehman Khan ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2020 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.14 No.9
The network capability to accomplish its functions in a timely fashion under failures and attacks is known as survivability. Ad hoc routing protocols have been studied and extended to various domains, such as Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), underwater acoustic networks, and Internet of Things (IoT) focusing on different aspects, such as security, QoS, energy. The existing solutions proposed in this domain incur substantial overhead and eventually become burden on the network, especially when there are fewer attacks or no attack at all. There is a need that the effectiveness of these routing protocols be analyzed in the presence of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks without any intrusion detection or prevention system. This will enable us to establish and identify the inherently stable routing protocols that are capable to survive longer in the presence of these attacks. This work presents a DoS attack case study to perform theoretical analysis of survivability on node and network level in the presence of DoS attacks. We evaluate the performance of reactive and proactive routing protocols and analyse their survivability. For experimentation, we use NS-2 simulator without detection or prevention capabilities. Results show that proactive protocols perform better in terms of throughput, overhead and packet drop.