A comparative study of the catalytic and non-catalytic ozone based processes for simultaneous of SO2 and NOX removal

Snigdha Khuntia,Gokulesh Mohan 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.106 No.-

Ozonation process alone is not sufficient to remove both the SO2 and NOX gases, when treated simultaneously. Therefore in this work, a suitable technique to remove SO2 and NOX simultaneously has beenevaluated using combination of O3, H2O2 and a solid catalyst. OMS-2, a manganese based catalyst havebeen incorporated with O3 and H2O2 for enhanced radical generation. This preferably enhances the oxidationof SO2 and NOx species in aqueous medium simultaneously. The role of some important processparameters have been tested on the performance of SO2 and NOX absorption. To get the maximumremoval of SO2 and NOX, the neutral pH, temperature close to 300–320 K, and H2O2 at 0.2 mol L1 concentrationswas found to be the optimum condition. The use of catalyst (approximately2 g L1) + O3 + H2O2 shows promising results on the removal of SO2 and NOX. In addition to that, the kineticsof the catalytic ozonation and peroxone removal of SO2 and NO2 has been evaluated. The cost estimationstudy for the ozone and peroxone based catalytic processes has been presented with comparison ofthe respective flue gas %removal.

Brain targeting efficiency of Curcumin loaded mucoadhesive microemulsion through intranasal route

Snigdha Das Mandal,Surjyanarayan Mandal,Jayvadan Patel 한국약제학회 2016 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.46 No.2

This study was aimed at designing mucoadhesive microemulsion gel to enhance the brain uptake of curcumin through intranasal route. Suitable oil, surfactant and cosurfactant for the development of microemulsion were selected based on maximum curcumin solubility, drug excipients compatibility through FTIR study and non-toxicity to sheep nasal mucosa. Curcumin loaded mucoadhesive microemulsion (CMME) was developed by incorporating polycarbophil as mucoadhesive polymer into Capmul MCM based optimal microemulsion (CME) and was subjected to characterization, stability, mucoadhesion and naso-ciliotoxicity study. Brain uptake of Curcumin via nasal route was studied by performing biodistribution study in Swiss albino rats. CME was found to be transparent, stable and non ciliotoxic with 57.66 nm ± 3.46, -16.28 mV ± 4.11 and 98.08 % ± 1.01 as average globule size, zeta potential and drug content respectively. PdI and TEM study depicted the narrow size distribution of CME. Following single intranasal administration of CMME and CME at dose of 2.86 mg/kg, Maximum Curcumin uptake in the olfactory bulb was more than 11 fold (51.1 ± 2.8) than that of intravenous injection of Curcumin solution (4.4 ± 1.1). AUC ratio of brain tissues to that in plasma obtained after nasal administration of CMME were significantly higher than those after intravenous administration of Curcumin solution. Findings of the present study revealed that optimal CMME and intranasal route may be considered to be promising and an alternative approach for brain targeting of Curcumin.

Xylanolytic and Ethanologenic Potential of Gut Associated Yeasts from Different Species of Termites from India

( Snigdha Tiwari ),( Rameshwar Avchar ),( Riya Arora ),( Vikram Lanjekar ),( Prashant K. Dhakephalkar ),( Sumit S. Dagar ),( Abhishek Baghela ) 한국균학회 2020 Mycobiology Vol.48 No.6

Xylophagous termites are capable of degrading lignocellulose by symbiotic gut microorganisms along with the host’s indigenous enzymes. Therefore, the termite gut might be a potential niche to obtain natural yeasts with celluloytic, xylanolytic and ethanologenic traits required for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we cultured 79 yeasts from three different termites viz. Coptotermes heimi, Odontotermes javanicus and Odontotermes obesus. After suitable screening methods, we identified 53 yeasts, which belonged to 10 genera and 16 different species of both ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts. Most yeasts in the present study represent their first-ever isolation from the termite gut. Representative strains of identified yeasts were evaluated for their cellulolytic, xylanolytic, and ethanologenic abilities. None of the isolates showed cellulase activity; 22 showed xylanolytic activity, while six produced substantial quantities of ethanol. Among xylanolytic cultures, Pseudozyma hubeiensis STAG 1.7 and Hannaella pagnoccae STAG 1.14 produced 1.31 and 1.17 IU of xylanase. Among ethanologenic yeasts, the strains belonging to genera Candida and Kodamaea produced high amount of ethanol. Overall, highest ethanol level of 4.42 g/L was produced by Candida tropicalis TS32 using 1% glucose, which increased up to 22.92 g/L at 35 ℃, pH 4.5 with 5% glucose. Fermentation of rice straw hydrolysate gave 8.95 g/l of ethanol with a yield of 0.42 g/g using the strain TS32. Our study highlights the gut of wood-feeding termites as a potential source of diverse yeasts that would be useful in the production of xylanase and bioethanol.

Littoral cell angiomas: Benign lesion with a penchant for visceral malignancies

Snigdha Gulati,Hoonbae Jeon,Adarsh Vijay 한국간담췌외과학회 2023 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.27 No.1

Littoral cell angiomas are rare vascular tumors of the spleen. Because of their rarity, unclear etiopathogenesis, and association with other malignancies, these tumors can pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Due to paucity of published literature on this entity often limited to case reports, relevant data on this topic were procured and synthesized with the aid of a comprehensive Medline search in addition to oncologic, pathologic, radiologic, and surgical literature review on littoral cell angiomas. This article provides an in-depth review into postulated etiopathogenesis, pathology, clinical manifestations, associated malignancies, and prognostic features of littoral cell angiomas.

Polymorphisms in Heat Shock Proteins A1B and A1L (HOM) as Risk Factors for Oesophageal Carcinoma in Northeast India

Saikia, Snigdha,Barooah, Prajjalendra,Bhattacharyya, Mallika,Deka, Manab,Goswami, Bhabadev,Sarma, Manash P,Medhi, Subhash Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.18

Background: To investigate polymorphisms in heat shock proteins A1B and A1L (HOM) and associated risk of oesophageal carcinoma in Northeast India. Materials and Methods: The study includes oesophageal cancer (ECA) patients attending general outpatient department (OPD) and endoscopic unit of Gauhati Medical College. Patients were diagnosed based on endoscopic and histopathological findings. Genomic DNA was typed for HSPA1B1267 and HSPA1L2437 SNPs using the polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Results: A total of 78 cases and 100 age-sex matched healthy controls were included in the study with a male: female ratio of 5:3 and a mean age of $61.4{\pm}8.5years$. Clinico-pathological evaluation showed 84% had squamous cell carcinoma and 16% were adenocarcinoma. Dysphagia grades 4 (43.5%) and 5 (37.1%) were observed by endoscopic and hispathological evaluation. The frequency of genomic variation of A1B from wild type A/A to heterozygous A/G and mutant G/G showed a positive association [chi sq=19.9, p=<0.05] and the allelic frequency also showed a significant correlation [chi sq=10.3, with cases vs. controls, OR=0.32, $p{\leq}0.05$]. The genomic variation of A1L from wild T/T to heterozygous T/C and mutant C/C were found positively associated [chi sq=7.02, p<0.05] with development of ECA. While analyzing the allelic frequency, there was no significant association [chi sq=3.19, OR=0.49, p=0.07]. Among all the risk factors, betel quid [OR=9.79, Chi square=35.0, p<0.05], tobacco [OR=2.95, chi square=10.6, p<0.05], smoking [OR=3.23, chi square=10.1, p<0.05] demonstrated significant differences between consumers vs. non consumers regarding EC development. Alcohol did not show any significant association [OR=1.34, chi square=0.69, p=0.4] independently. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the present study provides marked evidence that polymorphisms of HSP70 A1B and HSP70 A1L genes are associated with the development of ECA in a population in Northeast India, A1B having a stronger influence. Betel quid consumption was found to be a highly significant risk factor, followed by smoking and tobacco chewing. Although alcohol was not a potent risk factor independently, alcohol consumption along with tobacco, smoking and betel nut was found to contribute to development of ECA.

Neuroprotective effect of ibuprofen by intranasal application of mucoadhesive nanoemulsion in MPTP induced Parkinson model

Surjyanarayan Mandal,Snigdha Das Mandal,Krishna Chuttani,Krutika K. Sawant,Bharat Bhushan Subudhi 한국약제학회 2016 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.46 No.1

This study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Ibuprofen by intranasal route against inflammationmediated by dopaminergic neurodegeneration in 1-methyl- 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mice model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Ibuprofen loaded sodium hyaluronate based mucoadhesive nanoemulsion (MNEI) was developed by using response surface methodology (RSM) and was characterized. Male C57BL/6 mice were first treated with four intraperitoneal injections of MPTP (20 mg/kg of body weight) at 2 h intervals followed by Ibuprofen for 2 consecutive weeks at 2.86 mg/kg of body weight per day. Optimal MNEI containing 3 % Labrafil M 1944 CS as oil phase, 36 %of Accenon CC and Transcutol P at 3:1 ratio and 0.5 % sodium hyaluronate was stable, non-ciliotoxic with 46.3 ± 2.28 nm as average globule size PdI value and TEM result showed the narrow size distribution of MNEI. The result showed that all three independent variables had a significant effect (p\0.05) on the responses. In-vivo results revealed significant reduction of MPTP-mediated dopamine depletion after nasal administration of Ibuprofen through MNEI. MPTP intoxication significantly decreased striatal DA content to 29.92 % which was elevated to 58.21 % after Ibuprofen treatment using MNEI. Significant improvement in motor performance and gross behavioural activity of the mice was observed through the findings of rota-rod and open field test findings. Findings of the investigation revealed that Ibuprofen through developed MNEI was shown to protect neurons against MPTP-induced injury in the striatum and could be a promising approach to treat PD.

The structural and bioactive behaviour of strontium‑doped titanium dioxide nanorods

Rinmayee Praharaj,Snigdha Mishra,Tapash R. Rautray 한국세라믹학회 2020 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.57 No.3

In the present work, various concentrations of strontium ions loaded titanium dioxide nanorods and common titanium dioxide nanorods (control) were synthesized by electrochemical anodization technique to get the implant with superior bioactivity. Cell viability and antibacterial efficacy studies were estimated using MTT assay and solid agar medium. The characterisation results confirmed that Sr2+ was successfully incorporated into TiO2 nanorods. Compared with common TiO2 nanorods (control), Sr2+ loaded TiO2 nanorods showed higher surface roughness, adhesion strength, and water wetting angle. MTT assay showed better cell response on Sr-TiO2 nanorod surface as compared to control and the antibacterial test showed that Sr2+ loaded TiO2 nanorods have superior antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strain E. coli and S. aureus. Sr2+ incorporated TiO2 nanorod arrays can be used as a potential candidate for hard tissue implant applications.

Bone mineral metabolism and different indices of skeletal health of Ladakhi women living at high altitude

Lijy K. Babu,Snigdha Shaw,Dishari Ghosh 대한골다공증학회 2023 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.9 No.4

Objectives: High altitude possesses a great challenge for human survival owing to low oxygen tension and has been reported to cause bone deterioration among sojourns of high altitude. The bone health of Ladakhi women is investigated for the first time in this study. Methods: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of Ladakhi women and sea level women was done at the radius and calcaneus using EXA-3000 (Osteosys, Korea), followed by colorimetric and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay analysis of parameters regulating bone health. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between bone mineral density of Ladakhi women and sea level women at radius (P = 0.287) or calcaneus (P = 0.839). Almost similar cases of osteopenia were reported at both sites measured in the study among both groups. Two post-menopausal Ladakhi women however, had osteoporosis at the radius while 4 had osteoporosis at calcaneus. Significant increase in calcium levels with a decrease in intact parathyroid hormone and an increase in calcitonin levels were observed in Ladakhi women as compared to sea level women. Though there was no significant difference in 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels of both groups, a higher percentage of 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency (77% vs 23%) was observed in Ladakhi women as compared to sea level women. Estradiol levels were similar in both groups. Conclusions: The present study suggest that there is no significant relationship between high altitude living and bone mineral density among Ladakhi women.

Point-of-care ultrasonography as rescue for popliteal artery cannulation in prone position

Mohanty Chitta Ranjan,Bellapukonda Snigdha,Topono Nitish,Sarkar Satyaki,Tapuria Priyank 대한마취통증의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.74 No.3

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Stroke in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review

Rohit bhatia,Radhakrishna Pedapati,Snigdha Komakula,M.V. Padma Srivastava,Sreenivas Vishnubhatla,Dheeraj Khurana 대한뇌졸중학회 2020 Journal of stroke Vol.22 No.3

Background and Purpose Various neurological findings including stroke in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been described, although no clarity exists regarding the nature and pattern of this association. This systematic review aims to report the characteristics of stroke in patients with COVID-19. Methods Three authors independently searched Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed starting from inception up to May 22, 2020. The data for individual patients was extracted where available from published reports including clinical and laboratory parameters and analysed for any significant associations between variables. Results We identified 30 relevant articles involving 115 patients with acute or subacute stroke with COVID-19. The mean±standard deviation age was 62.5±14.5 years. Stroke was ischemic in majority of the patients (101 [87.8%]). Hypertension (42 [42%]), dyslipidaemia (24 [26.1%]), and diabetes (23 [23.2%]) were the major vascular risk factors. Most of the patients (80 [85.1%]) had COVID-19 symptoms at the time of stroke with a median interval of 10 days to stroke from the diagnosis of COVID-19. Three-fourths (86 [74.8%]) of the patients were critically ill which frequently delayed the diagnosis of stroke. High levels of D-dimer, and ferritin were observed in these patients. Patients with COVID-19 and stroke had a high mortality (47.9%). Factors associated with mortality were intensive care unit admission, having two or more vascular risk factors, particularly smoking and high levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase. Conclusions The association between stroke and COVID-19 is probably multifactorial including an amalgamation of traditional vascular risk factors, proinflammatory and a prothrombotic state. Prospectively collected data is required in the future to confirm this hypothesis.