Indian Animation Industries Turned As Outsourcing Hub

Siran Pavankumar,Suk Sang Kee,Chan KOH 한국정보기술학회 2015 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2015 No.6

Now a day’s entertainment sector is placing a major role in our day to day life, especially carrier in animation field is increasing in a massive way. India’s animation industries have experienced a major boom over the last few years. Indian animation companies and studios have been moving up their value chain to create their own intellectual property rights. The country’s exports have soared and foreign producers have quickly established their presence in the world’s second most populous nation. Animation is touted as the “next big thing” for economic growth following the country’s already successful software and business process outsourcing. Apart from the domestic growth, global giants such as Walt Disney, Warner brothers and Sony have been outsourcing animation characters and special effects to Indian teams [1]. Other companies are outsourcing animation from India for commercials and computer games. All these developments will drive significant growth, both in terms of revenue and participation in the value chain and will position India as a leading country in animation production and outsourcing. The objective of this paper is based on survey analysis of Indian animation industries and also proposing the solution for future growth of outsourcing.

Characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria and their effects on the silage quality

Siran Wang,Xianjun Yuan,Zhihao Dong,Junfeng Li,Gang Guo,Yunfeng Bai,Junyu Zhang,Tao Shao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.6

Objective: Four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from common vetch, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass on the Tibetan Plateau were characterized, and their effects on the fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage were studied. Methods: The four isolated strains and one commercial inoculant (G, Lactobacillus plantarum MTD-1) were evaluated using the acid production ability test, morphological observation, Gram staining, physiological, biochemical and acid tolerance tests. The five LAB strains were added to Italian ryegrass for ensiling at three different temperatures (10°C, 15°C, and 25°C). Results: All isolated strains (LCG3, LTG7, I5, and LI3) could grow at 5°C to 20°C, pH 3.0 to 8.0 and NaCl (3.0%, 6.5%). Strains LCG3, LTG7, I5, and LI3 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, and Lactobacillus casei by sequencing 16S rDNA, respectively. All LAB inoculants significantly (p<0.05) increased lactic acid (LA) contents and ratios of lactic acid to acetic acid, and reduced pH and ammonia nitrogen/ total nitrogen (AN/TN) compared with uninoculated silages at various temperatures (10°C, 15°C, and 25°C). Compared to the commercial inoculant G, I5, and LI3 showed similar effects on improving the silage quality of Italian ryegrass at 10°C and 15°C, indicated by similar pH, LA content and AN/TN. Conclusion: All inoculants could improve the silage fermentation quality at various temperatures (10°C, 15°C, and 25°C). At the temperature of 10°C and 15°C, strain I5 and LI3 had similar effects with the commercial inoculant G on improving the silage quality of Italian ryegrass.

Chemical composition, water vapor permeability, and mechanical properties of yuba film influenced by soymilk depth and concentration

Zhang, Siran,Lee, Jaesang,Kim, Yookyung John Wiley & Sons 2018 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol.98 No.5

<P>CONCLUSIONThe initial concentration and the depth of soymilk changed the chemical composition and structure of the yuba films. The LS yuba produced more uniform edible films with good mechanical properties. (c) 2017 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

Fermentative products and bacterial community structure of C4 forage silage in response to epiphytic microbiota from C3 forages

Wang Siran,Shao Tao,Li Junfeng,Zhao Jie,Dong Zhihao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.12

Objective: The observation that temperate C3 and tropical C4 forage silages easily produce large amounts of ethanol or acetic acid has puzzled researchers for many years. Hence, this study aimed to assess the effects of epiphytic microbiota from C3 forages (Italian ryegrass and oat) on fermentative products and bacterial community structure in C4 forage (sorghum) silage. Methods: Through microbiota transplantation and γ-ray irradiation sterilization, the irradiated sorghum was treated: i) sterile distilled water (STSG); ii) epiphytic microbiota from sorghum (SGSG); iii) epiphytic microbiota from Italian ryegrass (SGIR); iv) epiphytic microbiota from oat (SGOT). Results: After 60 days, all the treated groups had high lactic acid (>63.0 g/kg dry matter [DM]) contents and low pH values (<3.70), acetic acid (<14.0 g/kg DM) and ammonia nitrogen (<80.0 g/kg total nitrogen) contents. Notably, SGIR (59.8 g/kg DM) and SGOT (77.6 g/kg DM) had significantly (p<0.05) higher ethanol concentrations than SGSG (14.2 g/kg DM) on day 60. After 60 days, Lactobacillus were predominant genus in three treated groups. Higher proportions of Chishuiella (12.9%) and Chryseobacterium (7.33%) were first found in silages. The ethanol contents had a positive correlation (p<0.05) with the abundances of Chishuiella, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Chryseobacterium, and Sphingobacterium. Conclusion: The epiphytic bacteria on raw materials played important roles in influencing the silage fermentation products between temperate C3 and tropical C4 forages. The quantity and activity of hetero-fermentative Lactobacillus, Chishuiella, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Chryseobacterium, and Sphingobacterium may be the key factors for the higher ethanol contents and DM loss in silages. Objective: The observation that temperate C₃ and tropical C₄ forage silages easily produce large amounts of ethanol or acetic acid has puzzled researchers for many years. Hence, this study aimed to assess the effects of epiphytic microbiota from C₃ forages (Italian ryegrass and oat) on fermentative products and bacterial community structure in C₄ forage (sorghum) silage.Methods: Through microbiota transplantation and γ-ray irradiation sterilization, the irradiated sorghum was treated: i) sterile distilled water (STSG); ii) epiphytic microbiota from sorghum (SGSG); iii) epiphytic microbiota from Italian ryegrass (SGIR); iv) epiphytic microbiota from oat (SGOT).Results: After 60 days, all the treated groups had high lactic acid (>63.0 g/kg dry matter [DM]) contents and low pH values (<3.70), acetic acid (<14.0 g/kg DM) and ammonia nitrogen (<80.0 g/kg total nitrogen) contents. Notably, SGIR (59.8 g/kg DM) and SGOT (77.6 g/kg DM) had significantly (p<0.05) higher ethanol concentrations than SGSG (14.2 g/kg DM) on day 60. After 60 days, <i>Lactobacillus</i> were predominant genus in three treated groups. Higher proportions of <i>Chishuiella</i> (12.9%) and <i>Chryseobacterium</i> (7.33%) were first found in silages. The ethanol contents had a positive correlation (p<0.05) with the abundances of <i>Chishuiella</i>, <i>Acinetobacter</i>, <i>Stenotrophomonas</i>, <i>Chryseobacterium</i>, and <i>Sphingobacterium</i>.Conclusion: The epiphytic bacteria on raw materials played important roles in influencing the silage fermentation products between temperate C₃ and tropical C₄ forages. The quantity and activity of hetero-fermentative <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Chishuiella</i>, <i>Acinetobacter</i>, <i>Stenotrophomonas</i>, <i>Chryseobacterium</i>, and <i>Sphingobacterium</i> may be the key factors for the higher ethanol contents and DM loss in silages.

Effects of moisture content on mechanical properties, transparency, and thermal stability of yuba film

Zhang, Siran,Kim, Nayeon,Yokoyama, Wallace,Kim, Yookyung Elsevier 2018 Food chemistry Vol.243 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Yuba is the skin formed at the surface during the heating of soymilk. The 3rd, 7th, and 11th films were evaluated for properties at different RH. At 39% RH, the 11th film had the lowest moisture, while the 3rd film had the highest moisture. However, at 75% RH, reverse moisture results were obtained. The tensile strengths of the 3rd and 11th films were highest at 15% moisture, whereas the tensile strength of the 7th film was highest at 25% moisture. Elongation of the 3rd (127%) and 11th (85%) films were highest at 25% moisture. The light transmittance of the films was low and opaque at 5% moisture. The films were transparent at 23%–28% moisture, but became opaque as the moisture increased. The films at 39% RH (Δ<I>H</I>, 113–203J/g) had higher thermal stability than those at 87% RH (Δ<I>H</I>, 315–493J/g). Moisture content markedly changed the yuba film properties.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Yuba is a soy protein-lipid network formed on a heated soymilk surface. </LI> <LI> Moisture content has a significant effect on yuba film properties. </LI> <LI> Yuba with 25% moisture, stored at 39% RH, appears to have the most potential. </LI> <LI> These results are useful for developing yuba as edible film. </LI> </UL> </P>

An investigation on fermentative profile, microbial numbers, bacterial community diversity and their predicted metabolic characteristics of Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense Stapf.) silages

Wang Siran,Li Junfeng,Zhao Jie,Dong Zhihao,Shao Tao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.8

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the fermentation profiles, bacterial community and predicted metabolic characteristics of Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense Stapf.) during ensiling. Methods: First-cutting Sudangrass was harvested at the vegetative stage and ensiled in laboratory-scale silos (1 L capacity). Triplicate silos were sampled after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of ensiling, respectively. The bacterial communities on day 3 and 60 were assessed through high-throughput sequencing technology, and 16S rRNA-gene predicted functional profiles were analyzed according to the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes using Tax4Fun. Results: The Sudangrass silages showed good fermentation quality, indicated by higher lactic acid contents, and lower pH, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen contents. The dominant genus Lactococcus on day 3 was replaced by Lactobacillus on day 60. The metabolism of amino acid, energy, cofactors and vitamins was restricted, and metabolism of nucleotide and carbohydrate was promoted after ensiling. The 1-phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase of bacterial community seemed to play important roles in stimulating the lactic acid fermentation, and the promotion of arginine deiminase could help lactic acid bacteria to tolerate the acidic environment. Conclusion: High-throughput sequencing technology combined with 16S rRNA genepredicted functional analyses revealed the differences during the early and late stages of Sudangrass ensiling not only for distinct bacterial community but also for specific functional metabolites. The results could provide a comprehensive insight into bacterial community and metabolic characteristics to further improve the silage quality. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the fermentation profiles, bacterial community and predicted metabolic characteristics of Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense Stapf.) during ensiling.Methods: First-cutting Sudangrass was harvested at the vegetative stage and ensiled in laboratory-scale silos (1 L capacity). Triplicate silos were sampled after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of ensiling, respectively. The bacterial communities on day 3 and 60 were assessed through high-throughput sequencing technology, and 16S rRNA-gene predicted functional profiles were analyzed according to the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes using Tax4Fun.Results: The Sudangrass silages showed good fermentation quality, indicated by higher lactic acid contents, and lower pH, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen contents. The dominant genus <i>Lactococcus</i> on day 3 was replaced by <i>Lactobacillus</i> on day 60. The metabolism of amino acid, energy, cofactors and vitamins was restricted, and metabolism of nucleotide and carbohydrate was promoted after ensiling. The 1-phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase of bacterial community seemed to play important roles in stimulating the lactic acid fermentation, and the promotion of arginine deiminase could help lactic acid bacteria to tolerate the acidic environment. Conclusion: High-throughput sequencing technology combined with 16S rRNA genepredicted functional analyses revealed the differences during the early and late stages ofSudangrass ensiling not only for distinct bacterial community but also for specific functional metabolites. The results could provide a comprehensive insight into bacterial community and metabolic characteristics to further improve the silage quality.

다문화 문식성 함양을 위한 한국어 다문화소설 교육 방안 연구 ―공감적 상상력을 중심으로―

혜사연 ( Hui Siran ) 천진사범대학교 한국문화연구중심 2023 중한언어문화연구 Vol.25 No.-

由於中韓兩國國情不同, 在全球化環境下的當今時代所面臨的跨文化交際社會環境也不同, 許多中國的韓語學習者在剛接觸韓國的多文化小說時會遇到重重困難。為了更好的幫助學習者理解韓國現代文學中的‘多文化小說’這一重要小說體裁, 提高他們的跨文化文識性能力涵養水平, 在學習韓國文學的過程中實現“语言, 文學, 文化”三位一體的學習效果, 本文圍繞著促進『共感想象力』這一關鍵詞, 針對韓國的多文化小說≪모두에게 복된 새해-레이먼드 카버에게(祝大家新年快樂-致雷蒙德․卡佛)≫ 開發了韓國語小說教育方案。

Evaluating fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of a total mixed ration ensiled with different additives on Tibet plateau

Dong, Zhihao,Wang, Siran,Zhao, Jie,Li, Junfeng,Liu, Qinhua,Bao, Yuhong,Shao, Tao Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.2

Objective: To investigate the improvement in utilization efficiency of total mixed ration (TMR) on Tibetan plateau, TMR were ensiled with different additives. Methods: A total of 150 experimental silos were prepared in a completely randomized design to evaluate the six treatments: i) control (without additive), ii) Lactobacillus buchneri (L. buchneri), iii) acetic acid, iv) propionic acid, v) 1,2-propanediol; and vi) 1-propanol. After 90 days of ensiling, silos were opened for fermentation quality and in vitro analysis, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 14 days. Results: Treating with L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol decreased propionic acid contents and yeast number, whereas increased (p<0.05) pH, acetic acid and ethanol contents in the fermented TMR. Despite increased dry matter (DM) loss in the TMRs treated with 1,2-propanediol and 1-pronanol, additives did not affect (p>0.05) all in vitro parameters including gas production at 24 h (GP24), GP rate constant, potential GP, in vitro DM digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility. All additives improved the aerobic stability of ensiled TMR to different extents. Specially, aerobic stability of the ensiled TMR were substantially improved by L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol, and 1-propanol, indicated by stable pH and lactic acid content during the aerobic stability test. Conclusion: L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol, and 1-propanol had no adverse effect on in vitro digestibility, while ensiling TMR with the additives produced more acetic acid and ethanol, subsequently resulting in improvement of aerobic stability. There is a potential for some fermentation boosting additives to enhance aerobic stability of fermented TMR on Tibetan plateau.

Multi-Level Security Process on the Cloud Computing Environment

Abhilash Sreeramaneni,PavanKumar Siran,Chan KOH 한국정보기술학회 2016 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2016 No.6

빅 데이터를 저렴하게 저장하고 이용하기 위해서 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경이 점점 더 확대되고 있다. 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에서 보안 프로세스의 문제는 중요하다. 데이터 소유자와 클라이언트의 소통은 클라우드 서비스 프로바이더(CSP)의 도움은 배재된 상태로 그들의 네트워크 상 에서 이루어진다. 본 연구에서는 서로 다른 CSP 사이트에 DB 분배 및 저장 되고, 다중레벨 보안 체크 포인트 중심으로 암호화 되는 시스템을 중심으로 고찰한다. Nowadays cloud computing technology is inserting an outstanding role in our day to day life, its benefit’s primarily for organizations to store and organize their big data with low cost and instant access from anyplace. The data that is stored in a cloud environment is maintained by cloud service provider. The data owners and clients communicate with each other using their own network without the help of CSP (cloud service provider). In this paper study about system that distributing database and store that in different cloud service provider’s site and this system is encrypted with a multi-level security checkpoint.

Effect of storage time and the level of formic acid on fermentation characteristics, epiphytic microflora, carbohydrate components and in vitro digestibility of rice straw silage

Zhao Jie,Wang Siran,Dong Zhihao,Li Junfeng,Jia Yushan,Shao Tao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.6

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of storage time and formic acid (FA) on fermentation characteristics, epiphytic microflora, carbohydrate components and in vitro digestibility of rice straw silage. Methods: Fresh rice straw was ensiled with four levels of FA (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% of fresh weight) for 3, 6, 9, 15, 30, and 60 d. At each time point, the silos were opened and sampled for chemical and microbial analyses. Meanwhile, the fresh and 60-d ensiled rice straw were further subjected to in vitro analyses. Results: The results showed that 0.2% and 0.6% FA both produced well-preserved silages with low pH value and undetected butyric acid, whereas it was converse for 0.4% FA. The populations of enterobacteria, yeasts, moulds and aerobic bacteria were suppressed by 0.2% and 0.6% FA, resulting in lower dry matter loss, ammonia nitrogen and ethanol content (p<0.05). The increase of FA linearly (p<0.001) decreased neutral detergent fibre and hemicellulose, linearly (p<0.001) increased residual water soluble carbohydrate, glucose, fructose and xylose. The in vitro gas production of rice straw was decreased by ensilage but the initial gas production rate was increased, and further improved by FA application (p<0.05). No obvious difference of FA application on in vitro digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre was observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: The 0.2% FA application level promoted lactic acid fermentation while 0.6% FA restricted all microbial fermentation of rice straw silages. Rice straw ensiled with 0.2% FA or 0.6% FA improved its nutrient preservation without affecting digestion, with the 0.6% FA level best. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of storage time and formic acid (FA) on fermentation characteristics, epiphytic microflora, carbohydrate components and <i>in vitro</i> digestibility of rice straw silage.Methods: Fresh rice straw was ensiled with four levels of FA (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% of fresh weight) for 3, 6, 9, 15, 30, and 60 d. At each time point, the silos were opened and sampled for chemical and microbial analyses. Meanwhile, the fresh and 60-d ensiled rice straw were further subjected to <i>in vitro</i> analyses.Results: The results showed that 0.2% and 0.6% FA both produced well-preserved silages with low pH value and undetected butyric acid, whereas it was converse for 0.4% FA. The populations of enterobacteria, yeasts, moulds and aerobic bacteria were suppressed by 0.2% and 0.6% FA, resulting in lower dry matter loss, ammonia nitrogen and ethanol content (p<0.05). The increase of FA linearly (p<0.001) decreased neutral detergent fibre and hemicellulose, linearly (p<0.001) increased residual water soluble carbohydrate, glucose, fructose and xylose. The <i>in vitro</i> gas production of rice straw was decreased by ensilage but the initial gas production rate was increased, and further improved by FA application (p<0.05). No obvious difference of FA application on <i>in vitro</i> digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre was observed (p>0.05).Conclusion: The 0.2% FA application level promoted lactic acid fermentation while 0.6% FA restricted all microbial fermentation of rice straw silages. Rice straw ensiled with 0.2% FA or 0.6% FA improved its nutrient preservation without affecting digestion, with the 0.6% FA level best.