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김신규(SinKyu Kim),김효진(HyoJin Kim),송주석(JooSeok Song) 한국정보과학회 2003 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.30 No.2Ⅰ
이동성과 보안성을 동시에 갖추기 위해, 무선 통신을 이용한 VPN 기술의 사용이 증가하고 있지만 효율적인 이동성을 지원하는 모바일 기기의 특성상 연산 능력이 많이 부족하다. 이에 따라 무선랜을 통해 VPN 기술을 사용할 경우 단말기가 무선랜을 위한 암호화/복호화와 VPN 접속을 위한 암호화/복호화를 동시에 수행하는 데에는 많은 무리가 따르게 된다. 이러한 문제를 해결할 수 있는 방안으로, 본 논문에서는 무선랜 환경에서 단말기와 직접 통신을 하는 AP에 VPN 에이전트를 설치하여 무선 단말기가 필요로 하는 VPN 접속을 대행해 주는 방법을 제시한다.
BIOME-BGC 모형을 이용한 국내 소나무 고사의 기후 및 토심 영향 분석
강신규 ( Sinkyu Kang ),임종환 ( Jong-hwan Lim ),김은숙 ( Eun-sook Kim ),조낭현 ( Nanghyun Cho ) 한국농림기상학회 2016 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.18 No.4
생태계 과정 모형인 BIOME-BGC를 이용해 국내 상록침엽수림의 탄소-물 순환 과정의 계절 및 연간 변화를 모의하여 국내의 소나무 고사 현상의 기후-토심 영향을 분석하였다. 연구지로 2009년과 2014년 각각 소나무 대량 고사가 발생한 밀양과 울진을 선정하였다. 두 지역의 표준강수지수를 산정한 결과 약 5년 내외의 주기의 가뭄현상을 판별하였다. 2000년 중반 이후 가뭄은 고온건조 기후 특성을 보였다. 모형의 여러 변수를 조사한 결과, 임시탄소저장소인 Cpool 변수가 탄소기아에 의한 소나무고사 현상과 개연성이 큰 변수로 나타났다. Cpool의 감소는 총일차생산성(GPP) 감소 혹은 유지호흡(Rm) 증가의 결과로 발생하였고, 연구기간 중 Cpool이 최저값을 보인 해는 각 연구지역에서 소나무 대량 고사가 발생한 해와 잘 일치하였다. 두 지역 모두 가뭄에 의한 GPP 감소와 고온에 의한 Rm 증가가 Cpool의 감소를 초래하였는데, GPP와 Rm의 상대적 기여도는 지역별로 상이 하였다. 특히 저온다습한 울진의 경우 Rm 증가 영향이 중요한 요인이었다. 한편 낮은 토심에서 생산성, 생체량, 증산량, Cpool 등 제반 탄소-물 관련 변수가 감소하였고 연간 변동폭이 증가하였다. 그러나 0.5 m 이하 토심에서는 Cpool에 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 보아 일정 수준 이하의 토심에서 생체량-생산성-유지호흡 간의 균형에 따라 Cpool이 유지되는 적응 메커니즘이 나타난 것으로 보인다. 이 연구의 결과 소나무 고사와 관련한 고온건조-탄소기아 가설을 제안하였고, 보다 현실적 분석을 위한 향후 모형 개선 방향을 제안하였다. A process-based ecosystem model, BIOME-BGC, was applied to simulate seasonal and inter-annual dynamics of carbon and water processes for potential evergreen needleleaf forest (ENF) biome in Korea. Two simulation sites, Milyang and Unljin, were selected to reflect warm-and-dry and cool-and-wet climate regimes, where massive diebacks of pines including Pinus densiflora, P. koraiensis and P thunbergii, were observed in 2009 and 2014, respectively. Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) showed periodic drought occurrence at every 5 years or so for both sites. Since mid-2000s, droughts occurred with hotter climate condition. Among many model variables, Cpool (i.e., a temporary carbon pool reserving photosynthetic compounds before allocations for new tissue production) was identified as a useful proxy variable of tree carbon starvation caused by reduction of gross primary production (GPP) and/or increase of maintenance respiration (Rm). Temporal Cpool variation agreed well with timings of pine tree diebacks for both sites. Though water stress was important, winter- and spring-time warmer temperature also played critical roles in reduction of Cpool, especially for the cool-and-wet Uljin. Shallow soil depth intensified the drought effect, which was, however, marginal for soil depth shallower than 0.5 m. Our modeling analysis implicates seasonal drought and warmer climate can intensify vulnerability of ENF dieback in Korea, especially for shallower soils, in which multi-year continued stress is of concern more than short-term episodic stress.
Dust and sandstorm: ecosystem perspectives on dryland hazards in Northeast Asia: a review
Kang, Sinkyu,Lee, Sang Hun,Cho, Nanghyun,Aggossou, Casmir,Chun, Jungwha The Ecological Society of Korea 2021 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.45 No.1
Background: A review of the literature was carried out to study dust and sandstorm (DSS) in terms of its ecosystem processes and relationship to other dryland disasters in Northeast Asia. Drylands are ecosystems that include grasslands, semi-deserts, and deserts, and these types of ecosystems are vulnerable due to their low primary productivity that depends on a small amount of precipitation. Results: Drought, dust, desertification, and winter livestock disasters (called dzud) are unique natural disasters that affect the region. These disasters are related in that they share major causes, such as dryness and low vegetation cover that combine with other conditions, wind, cold waves, livestock, and land-surface energy, to dramatically impact the ecosystem. Conclusions: The literature review in this study illustrates the macroscopic context of the spatial and temporal patterns of DSS according to geography, climate, and vegetation growth in the drylands of Northeast Asia. The effects of ocean climates and human activities were discussed to infer a possible teleconnection effect of DSS and its relations to desertification and dzud.
김신규(SinKyu Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2003 한국자동차공학회 Symposium Vol.2003 No.5
This is one of the method to inspect weldment by vision system. After inserting shaft in yoke.
Onset Date of Forest Canopy Detected from MODIS Leaf Area Index
Kim, Sohee,Sinkyu Kang*,임종환 한국생태학회 2008 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.31 No.2
The timing of the canopy phenology onset (CPO hereafter) indicates the initiation of the growing season, with rapid increases in exchange rates of carbon dioxide and water vapor between vegetation and atmosphere. The CPO is regarded as a potential indicator of ecosystem responses to global warming, but the CPO shows considerable spatial variation depending on the species composition and local temperature regime at a given geographic location. In this study, we evaluated the utility of satellite observation data for detection of the timing of the CPO. Leaf area indices (LAI) obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were utilized to detect and map the onset dates from 2001 to 2006. The reliability of MODISbased onset dates was evaluated with ground measured cherry blossom flowering data from national weather stations. The MODIS onset dates preceded the observed flowering dates by 8 days and were linearly related with a correlation coefficient of 0.58 (p < 0.05). In spite of the coarse spatial (1 km) and temporal (8 days) resolutions of MODIS LAI, the MODIS-based onset dates showed reasonable ability to predict flowering dates. The timing of the canopy phenology onset (CPO hereafter) indicates the initiation of the growing season, with rapid increases in exchange rates of carbon dioxide and water vapor between vegetation and atmosphere. The CPO is regarded as a potential indicator of ecosystem responses to global warming, but the CPO shows considerable spatial variation depending on the species composition and local temperature regime at a given geographic location. In this study, we evaluated the utility of satellite observation data for detection of the timing of the CPO. Leaf area indices (LAI) obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were utilized to detect and map the onset dates from 2001 to 2006. The reliability of MODISbased onset dates was evaluated with ground measured cherry blossom flowering data from national weather stations. The MODIS onset dates preceded the observed flowering dates by 8 days and were linearly related with a correlation coefficient of 0.58 (p < 0.05). In spite of the coarse spatial (1 km) and temporal (8 days) resolutions of MODIS LAI, the MODIS-based onset dates showed reasonable ability to predict flowering dates.