Analysis of Ship Groundings on Soft Sea Beds

Simonsen, B. Cerup,Redersen, P. Terndrup The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 1997 Journal of ship and ocean technology Vol.1 No.1

The consequences associated with ships running aground depend very much on the soil characteristics of the sea bed and the geometrical shape of the ship bow. The penetration into the sea bed depends on these factors and the penetration is an important factor for the ship motion because it influences the ship heave and pitch motions as well as the friction between the ship and the soil. In this paper a rational calculation model is presented for the sea bed soil reaction forces on the ship bottom. The model is based on the assumption that the penetration of the ship bow generates a flow of pore water through the grain skeleton of the soil. The flow is governed by Darcy\`s law and it is driven by the pressure of the pore water at the bow. In addition to this pore water pressure, the bow is subjected to the effective stresses in the grain skeleton at the bow surface. These stresses are determined by the theory of frictional soils in rupture. Frictional stresses on the bow surface are assumed to be related to the normal pressure by a simple Coulomb relation. The total soil reaction as a function of velocity and penetration is found by integration of normal pressure and frictional stresses over the surface of the bow. The analysis procedure is implemented in a computer program for time domain rigid body analysis of ships running aground and it is verified in the paper through a comparison of calculated stopping lengths, effective coefficients of friction, and sea bed penetrations with corresponding experimental results obtained by model tests as well as large, scale tests.

Assessments of Physical Workload in Sonography Tasks Using Inclinometry, Goniometry, and Electromyography

Simonsen, Jenny Gremark,Dahlqvist, Camilla,Enquist, Henrik,Nordander, Catarina,Axmon, Anna,Arvidsson, Inger Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.3

Background: Echocardiography involves strenuous postures of the upper limbs. This study explored the physical workload in the neck and upper limbs in sonographers performing echocardiography, and the extent to which the workload differs from than in other work tasks (other sonographic examinations, and nonsonographic tasks). Methods: The physical load was assessed by inclinometry, goniometry, and electromyography methods in 33 female sonographers during authentic work using three different echocardiography techniques and other work tasks. Results: Echocardiography was characterized by low velocities of the head, arms, and wrists, and a low proportion of muscular resting time in the forearms, in the transducer limb, and the computer limb. The transducer limb was more elevated in one of the techniques, but this technique also involved a higher proportion of muscular resting time of the trapezius muscle. We also found a high proportion of awkward wrist postures in the transducer wrist in all three techniques; in one due to prolonged flexion, and in the others due to prolonged extension. Other work tasks were less static, and were performed with higher upper arm and wrist velocities. Conclusion: None of the three echocardiography techniques was optimal concerning physical workload. Thus, to achieve more variation in physical load we recommend that the equipment be arranged so that the sonographer can alternate between two different techniques during the workday. We also propose alternation between echocardiography and nonsonographic tasks, in order to introduce variation in the physical workload. Clinical expertise should be used to achieve further improvements.

フランスの民話

Michele Simonsen,?口淳(번역자),?口仁枝(번역자) 비교민속학회 1989 비교민속학 Vol.4 No.-

Assessments of Physical Workload in Sonography Tasks Using Inclinometry, Goniometry, and Electromyography

Jenny Gremark Simonsen,Camilla Dahlqvist,Henrik Enquist,Catarina Nordander,Anna Axmon,Inger Arvidsson 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.3

Background: Echocardiography involves strenuous postures of the upper limbs. This study explored the physical workload in the neck and upper limbs in sonographers performing echocardiography, and the extent to which the workload differs from than in other work tasks (other sonographic examinations, and nonsonographic tasks). Methods: The physical load was assessed by inclinometry, goniometry, and electromyography methods in 33 female sonographers during authentic work using three different echocardiography techniques and other work tasks. Results: Echocardiography was characterized by low velocities of the head, arms, and wrists, and a low proportion of muscular resting time in the forearms, in the transducer limb, and the computer limb. The transducer limb was more elevated in one of the techniques, but this technique also involved a higher proportion of muscular resting time of the trapezius muscle. We also found a high proportion of awkward wrist postures in the transducer wrist in all three techniques; in one due to prolonged flexion, and in the others due to prolonged extension. Other work tasks were less static, and were performed with higher upper arm and wrist velocities. Conclusion: None of the three echocardiography techniques was optimal concerning physical workload. Thus, to achieve more variation in physical load we recommend that the equipment be arranged so that the sonographer can alternate between two different techniques during the workday. We also propose alternation between echocardiography and nonsonographic tasks, in order to introduce variation in the physical workload. Clinical expertise should be used to achieve further improvements.

NUCLEAR ROCKET FACILITY Decommissioning Project: Controlled Explosive demolition of neutron-activated shield wall

Jerel Nelson,Mike Kruzic,Rodney Simonsen 한국방사성폐기물학회 2007 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.5 No.1

Sclareol production in the moss Physcomitrella patens and observations on growth and terpenoid biosynthesis

Xi-Wu Pan,Lei Han,Yu-Hua Zhang,Dong-Fang Chen,Henrik Toft Simonsen 한국식물생명공학회 2015 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.9 No.3

The moss Physcomitrella patens was engineered to produce the diterpenoid sclareol, an important precursor for the synthesis of ambergris substitutes for the perfume industry. The best total yield of sclareol was 2.84 mg/g dry weight (2.28 mg/l culture) obtained after 18 days of cultivation in liquid media (extracted from both media and cell pellet). The two active sclareol synthase genes were integrated in a random fashion, and linked with the ribosomal skip 2A under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. We conclude that moss can produce sclareol and utilize the ribosomal skip 2A. In addition, we observed growth impairment in all our sclareol-producing lines and moss lines knocked out in the endogenous diterpene synthase (copalyl/kaurene synthase—PpCPS/KS). A RT-PCR study, with ubiquitin as the best reference gene, showed that there was a down-regulation of the transcription of the terpenoid biosynthetic genes in the PpCPS/KS knock out moss. This down-regulation was recovered by the introduction of the two sclareol synthases, suggesting that the regulation of the general terpenoid biosynthesis is very flexible and can be amended in future biotechnological engineering.

Current practices and recent advances in condition assessment of aged ships

Rizzo, C. M.,Paik, J. K.,Brennan, F.,Carlsen, C. A.,Daley, C.,Garbatov, Y.,Ivanov, L.,Simonsen, B. C.,Yamamoto, N.,Zhuang, H. Z. Taylor Francis 2007 SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES Vol.2 No.3

<P> Ship structures are likely to be subject to age-related deterioration such as corrosion wastage, cracking or mechanical damage. It has reportedly been recognised that such age-related deterioration is almost always involved in the catastrophic failures of ship structures including total losses. While such accidents typically cause concern to the public, maintenance and repair of aged structures is quite costly and complex. It is thus of great importance to develop advanced technologies allowing for proper management and control of such age-related deterioration. This paper summarises the report of the ISSC 2006 Committee V.6 presenting current practices, recent advances and future trends on condition assessment of aged ships. This includes assessment of the structural condition in view of the serviceability and safety, methods for repair, quantification of strength of deteriorated and repaired ships (as well as criteria for acceptable damage), with due account of the uncertainties involved. Consideration is also given to cost-benefit and risk-based decision procedures for remedial actions.</P>

Optimization of Cellulose Extraction from Jute Fiber by Box-behnken Design

Lizandro Manzato,Mitsuo Lopes Takeno,Wanison André Gil Pessoa-Junior,Luis André Morais Mariuba,John Simonsen 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.2

Cellulose was isolated from plant material for the first time in 1839 by the French chemist Anselme Payen. In recent years, due to the need in reduce the world’s environmental problems, there has been an increase in studies related to the physical and chemical factors of cellulose. It is important to emphasize that experiments and studies with a cellulose occur individually, because of the variation in the amount of cellulose and the extraction method that differs from plant to plant. In the present study, we determined the optimal conditions for cellulose extraction of jute fiber, using the response surface method. The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used statistically evaluate the ratio effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), temperature and extraction time in the process used. The analysis of the results showed a significant variable in the linear and quadratic terms of the temperature and also a significant level of interaction in the effect between the variables of temperature and time. Besides this, the BBD used for the analysis of the extraction yield, resulted in a polynomial regression of second order, in complete agreement with experimental results, with R2=0.9627 (p<0.05). The optimal condition was obtained in a ratio of 1.3 at 45 oC for 2 h. Under the best possible conditions, the obtained experimental value is in accordance with the value predicted by the model, thus indicating a model combination and success to optimize the extraction conditions of the jute fiber pulp in the response surface methodology.