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Yacon Flour and Bifidobacterium longum Modulate Bone Health in Rats
Fabiana Carvalho Rodrigues,Adriano Simo˜es Barbosa Castro,Vı´vian Carolina Rodrigues,Se´rgio Antoˆnio Fernandes,Edimar Aparecida Filomeno Fontes,Taˆnia Toledo de Oliveira,He´rcia Stampini Duarte Marti 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.7
Yacon flour has been considered a food with prebiotic potential because of the high levels of fructooligosaccharides, which allows for its use in formulating synbiotic foods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of yacon flour and probiotic (Bifidobacterium longum) on the modulation of variables related to bone health. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control, yacon flour, diet + B. longum, and yacon flour + B. longum. After euthanasia, the bones were removed for analysis of biomechanical properties (thickness, length, and strength of fracture) and mineral content (Ca, Mg, and P); the cecum was removed for analysis of the microbiota and short-chain fatty acids. Tibia Ca, P, and Mg content was significantly (P < .05) higher in groups fed diet + B. longum, yacon flour + B. longum than in the control group. An increase in fracture strength was observed in the yacon flour (8.1%), diet + B. longum (8.6%), and yacon flour + B. longum (14.6%) in comparison to the control group. Total anaerobe and weight of the cecum were higher (P < .05) in rats consuming the yacon flour diet compared with the other groups. Cecal concentration of propionate was higher in all experimental groups compared with the control (P < .05). Yacon flour in combination with B. longum helped increase the concentration of minerals in bones, an important factor in the prevention of diseases such as osteoporosis.
José A.A. Santos,Antonio Augusto Fidalgo-Neto,Robson X. Faria,Ana Simo˜es,Andrea S. Calheiros,Ana Luiza Be´renger,Hugo C.C. Faria-Neto,Maria Raquel Figueiredo,Valber S. Luiz Frutuoso,Luiz Anastacio Al 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.9
Recently, the P2X_7 receptor has been reported to be associated with chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Because Rheedia longifolia extract has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, we evaluated the in vitro inhibitory potential of methanol extract and fractions from its leaves on the P2X_7 purinergic receptor. The activity of P2X_7 was studied with a dye uptake assay and with the whole-cell patch clamp technique in mouse peritoneal macrophages treated with methanol extract of R. longifolia leaves and fractions. The dye uptake was evaluated by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The R. longifolia extract and some fractions showed an inhibitory effect on the P2X_7 purinergic receptor in a dose-dependent manner. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most potent inhibitory effects. The methanol extract and the butanol fraction showed the same inhibitory effects, despite their lower potency compared with the other fractions. The R. longifolia extract and some of its fractions may be anti-inflammatory because of their inhibitory effect on the P2X_7 receptor. Further investigation is needed to determine the pattern of inhibition and selectivity. Chromatographic analysis indicated the presence of bisflavonoids in the methanol extract fractions. A member of this chemical family is the most probable active compound responsible for the P2X_7 inhibitory effects present in the R. Longifolia extract and fractions.
Thiago Caon,Ricardo Augusto Konig,Ariadne Cristiane Cabral da Cruz,Simone Gonc¸alves Cardoso,Carlos Eduardo Maduro Campos,Silvia Lucia Cuffini,Letı´cia Scherer Koester,Cla´udia Maria Oliveira Simo˜es 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.9
Solid dispersions of saquinavir mesylate containingeither Gelucire 44/14 or poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) 4000, or mixtures of each carrier with Tween 80 orpolyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K30 were prepared in order toenhance the drug dissolution rate. These systems wereprepared by the melting method and characterized by X-raypowder diffraction, microscopical techniques, and Ramanspectroscopy aiming to establish a relationship betweenphysicochemical and dissolution properties under differentcooling conditions. Modifications in degree of crystallineorder/disorder over time were observed in preparationswith both carriers. Overall, formulations cooled and stored at -20 C showed less variation in dissolution rates thanthose at 25 C. Although Tween 80 has enhanced theknown self-emulsifying properties of Gelucire 44/14, itscombination with PEG 4000 displayed miscibility problems. The addition of PVP K30 was not the most effectiveapproach in enhancing the dissolution in early steps;however, the drug dissolution was stable after 7 days ofstorage at 25 C. The combination of PEG 4000 and PVPK30 maintained the dissolution properties for 60 and90 days at 25 C/95 % relative humidity and 40 C/75 %(f2 values[50), respectively.