Outcomes after Transverse-Incision ‘Mini’ Carotid Endarterectomy and Patch-Plasty

Sidhartha Sinha,Matthew Fok,Aaron Goh,Vijay Gadhvi 대한혈관외과학회 2019 Vascular Specialist International Vol.35 No.3

Purpose: Traditional longitudinal incision for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) can be painful, aesthetically displeasing, and associated with a high incidence of cranial nerve injury (CNI). This study describes the outcomes of CEA performed through small (<5 cm long), transversely oriented incisions located directly over the carotid bifurcation, as identified by color-enhanced duplex ultrasound. Materials and Methods: Patient demographics and operative data were collected retrospectively from an in-house database of consecutive vascular patients undergoing CEA with a small transversely oriented incision for both symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenoses. Results: A total of 52 consecutive patients underwent CEA between 2012 and 2016 (median age, 73.5 years; interquartile range, 67-80.3; male/female ratio, 40:12). CEA was performed under regional/local anesthesia (LA) in 48 (92.3%) patients, with 4 (7.7%) being performed under general anesthesia. One patient under LA experienced intraoperative neurological dysfunction intraoperatively (manifesting as an inability to count out loud) that resolved with insertion of shunt. One patient experienced a transient neurological event (expressive dysphasia) within the immediate postoperative period, which resolved within 6 hours. No in-hospital death or perioperative major adverse cardiovascular events were noted. Follow-up data were available for a median period of 3.1 years and for all patients. Three patients experienced strokes following discharge (2 strokes contralateral to the operated side and 1 transient ischemic attack ipsilateral to the operated side). No persistent CNIs nor bleeding complications necessitating re-exploration were reported. Conclusion: Small, transversely orientated incisions, hidden within a neck skin crease can be safely performed in the majority of patients undergoing CEA.

Comparative efficacy of photo-activated disinfection and calcium hydroxide for disinfection of remaining carious dentin in deep cavities: a clinical study

Sidhartha Sharma,Ajay Logani,Naseem Shah 대한치과보존학회 2014 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.39 No.3

Objectives: To comparatively evaluate the efficacy of photo-activated disinfection (PAD), calcium hydroxide (CH) and their combination on the treatment outcome of indirect pulp treatment (IPT). Materials and Methods: Institutional ethical clearance and informed consent of the patients were taken. The study was also registered with clinical registry of India. Sixty permanent molars exhibiting deep occlusal carious lesion in patients with the age range of 18 - 22 yr were included. Clinical and radiographic evaluation and set inclusion and exclusion criteria’s were followed. Gross caries excavation was accomplished. In group I (n = 20) PAD was applied for sixty seconds. In group II (n = 20), CH was applied to the remaining carious dentin, while in group III (n = 20), PAD application was followed by CH placement. The teeth were permanently restored. They were clinically and radiographically followed-up at 45 day, 6 mon and 12 mon. Relative density of the remaining affected dentin was measured by ‘Radiovisiography (RVG) densitometric’ analysis. Results: Successful outcome with an increase in radiographic grey values were observed in all three groups. However, on inter-group comparison, this change was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: PAD and CH both have equal disinfection efficacy in the treatment of deep carious dentin. PAD alone is as effective for treatment of deep carious lesion as calcium hydroxide and hence can be used as an alternative to CH. They can be used independently in IPT, since combining both does not offer any additional therapeutic benefits.

Comparative efficacy of photo-activated disinfection and calcium hydroxide for disinfection of remaining carious dentin in deep cavities: a clinical study

Sharma, Sidhartha,Logani, Ajay,Shah, Naseem The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2014 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.39 No.3

Objectives: To comparatively evaluate the efficacy of photo-activated disinfection (PAD), calcium hydroxide (CH) and their combination on the treatment outcome of indirect pulp treatment (IPT). Materials and Methods: Institutional ethical clearance and informed consent of the patients were taken. The study was also registered with clinical registry of India. Sixty permanent molars exhibiting deep occlusal carious lesion in patients with the age range of 18 - 22 yr were included. Clinical and radiographic evaluation and set inclusion and exclusion criteria's were followed. Gross caries excavation was accomplished. In group I (n = 20) PAD was applied for sixty seconds. In group II (n = 20), CH was applied to the remaining carious dentin, while in group III (n = 20), PAD application was followed by CH placement. The teeth were permanently restored. They were clinically and radiographically followed-up at 45 day, 6 mon and 12 mon. Relative density of the remaining affected dentin was measured by 'Radiovisiography (RVG) densitometric' analysis. Results: Successful outcome with an increase in radiographic grey values were observed in all three groups. However, on inter-group comparison, this change was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: PAD and CH both have equal disinfection efficacy in the treatment of deep carious dentin. PAD alone is as effective for treatment of deep carious lesion as calcium hydroxide and hence can be used as an alternative to CH. They can be used independently in IPT, since combining both does not offer any additional therapeutic benefits.

Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier‑based argon vacuum gauge for high‑temperature applications

P. N. Sidhartha,Tejus V. Kusur,Sarda Sharma,Karumbaiah N. Chappanda 전력전자학회 2024 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.24 No.1

A cost-effective argon atmosphere vacuum gauge based on direct current (DC) excited glow discharge plasma for harsh environmental conditions is presented in this paper. The gauge comprises two copper electrodes separated by a pre-defined gap (1 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, or 15 mm) excited with a 1.8 kV DC supply using a Cockcroft-Walton (CW) voltage multiplier circuit to measure vacuum pressures from 0.05 to 5 mbar. After gas breakdown has occurred, the voltage across the electrodes (plasma voltage response) is measured with a change in pressure. The proposed gauge with a 5 mm electrode gap showed an average sensitivity of 276 V/mbar with excellent thermal stability from 25 to 400 °C. The hysteresis of the gauge is 11% over the full scale and shows an average plasma voltage response deviation of 0.9 mV/h with time when tested for 10 h under a continuous mode of operation. Overall, the device shows promise in the development of a low-cost vacuum gauge with good sensitivity and excellent immunity to high-temperature environments.

Inner-Gate-Engineered GAA MOSFET to Enhance the Electrostatic Integrity

Biswajit Jena,Sidhartha Dash,Soumya Ranjan Routray,Guru Prasad Mishra 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2019 NANO Vol.14 No.10

Gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFETs are the best multi-gate MOSFET structure due to their strong electrostatic control over the channel. The electrostatic controllability can be enhanced further by applying some gate engineering technique to the existing GAA structure. This paper investigates the effect of inner gate (core gate) on the electrostatic performance of conventional GAA MOSFET. The inner gate engineering increases both the electrostatic control and packing density of GAA MOSFET. In this paper, we have presented an inner-gate-engineered (IGE) GAA MOSFET and inspected its advantages over conventional counterparts. The proposed structure exhibits higher I on/I off ratio, low threshold voltage and improved RF performances as compared to the conventional structure. Analytic simulation has been carried out for numerous figures of merit (FOMs) for different technology nodes.

Nasal Myiasis

Vikas Sinha,Sidhartha Shah,Manish Ninama,Devang Gupta,Bela Prajapati,Kedia 대한비과학회 2006 Journal of rhinology Vol.13 No.2

Background:Nasal myiasis is very distressing condition of the nose that occurs among patients with atrophic rhinitis. This condition is frequently found among those belonging to the lower socioeconomic status suffering from bad nasal hygienic conditions. A retrospective study was done of 58 cases of patients admitted for nasal myiasis. All the patients belonged to the lower socio- economic class and suffered from poor hygienic condition. The majority of the patients were over the age of 60 years and male female ratio was 1:1.5 .The primary complaints of this condition were epistaxis, foul smelling nasal discharge, passage of worms from the nose and pain. The majority of the patients were suffering from primary atrophic rhinitis and a few from the secondary atrophic rhinitis due to syphilis and leprosy. Treatment:As a first step of treatment, the maggots were removed manually and endoscopically. All the patients became maggot free in 2-3 days time. Alkaline nasal douching was then started along with 25% glucose in glycerine nasal drop. Complications such as septal perforation, saddling nose, palatal perforation were observed in a few cases. The incomplete closure of nose (modified Young’s operation) was performed in a few cases. Conclusion:Manual and endoscopic removal should be done repeatedly. Antimeningitis prophylaxis should be started at once. And, to prevent recurrence, mosquito net should be used while sleeping, and incomplete closure of both the nasal cavity (modified Young’s operation) should be carried out.

Expression of DNA Methyltransferases in Breast Cancer Patients and to Analyze the Effect of Natural Compounds on DNA Methyltransferases and Associated Proteins

Sameer Mirza,Gayatri Sharma,Rajinder Parshad,Sidhartha Datta Gupta,Pranav Pandya,Ranju Ralhan 한국유방암학회 2013 Journal of breast cancer Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The DNA methylation mediated by specific DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), results in the epigenetic silencing of multiple genes which are implicated in human breast cancer. We hypothesized that the natural compounds modulate the expression of DNMTs and their associated proteins in the breast cancer cell lines and affect the methylation mediated gene silencing. Methods: The DNMTs transcript expression was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the tumors and the adjacent normal breast tissues of the patients with invasive ductal breast carcinoma. We tested the hypothesis that the natural compounds, viz., epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), genistein, withaferin A, curcumin, resveratrol, and guggulsterone, have demethylation potential. To investigate this hypothesis, we analyzed the DNMTs expression at the transcript levels, followed by the analysis of DNMT1 and its associated proteins (HDAC1, MeCP2, and MBD2). Results: The increased DNMTs transcripts expression, viz., DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b, in the breast cancer tissues suggest involvement of the DNMTs in the breast carcinogenesis. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the treatment with natural compounds, viz., EGCG, genistein, withaferin A, curcumin, resveratrol, and guggulsterone, resulted in a significant decrease in the transcript levels of all the DNMTs investigated. Importantly, these natural compounds decreased the protein levels of DNMT1, HDAC1, and MeCP2. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the natural compounds, EGCG, genistein, withaferin A, curcumin, resveratrol, and guggulsterone, have the potential to reverse the epigenetic changes. Moreover, their lack of toxicity makes these natural compounds promising candidates for the chemoprevention of the breast cancer. In-depth future mechanistic studies aimed to elucidate how these compounds affect the gene transcription are warranted.

Cancer: Scenario and Relationship of Different Geographical Areas of the Globe with Special Reference to North East-India

Sharma, Jagannath Dev,Kalit, Manoj,Nirmolia, Tulika,Saikia, Sidhartha Protim,Sharma, Arpita,Barman, Debanjana Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.8

Background: Cancer is becoming the most important public health burden around the globe. As per the GLOBOCAN 2008 estimates, about 12.7 million cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths were estimated to have occurred in 2008. The burden of cancer cases for India in the year 2020 is calculated to be 1,148,757 (male 534,353; female 614,404) compared to 979,786 in 2010. The pattern of cancer incidence is varying among geographical regions, esophageal cancer for example being high in China, lung cancer in USA, and gallbladder cancer in Chile. The question remains why? Is it due to the diversity in genome pool, food habits, risk factor association and role of genetic susceptibility or some other factors associated with it? In India, the North East (NE)-India region is seeing a marked increase in cancer incidence and deaths, with a very different cancer incidence pattern compared to mainland India. The genome pool of the region is also quite distinct from the rest of India. Northeastern tribes are quite distinct from other groups; they are more closely related to East Asians than to other Indians. In this paper an attempt was made to see whether there is any similarity among the pattern of cancer incidence cases for different sites of NE-India region to South or East-Asia. Materials and Methods: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), Pearson Correlation coefficient test was assessed to evaluate the linkage of North-East India region to other regions. A p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results clearly shows that there are similarities in occurrence of cancer incidence patterns for various cancer sites of NE-India with South and East-Asian regions, which may lead to the conclusion that there might be a genetic linkage between these regions.

Choanal Atresia:Surgery by Puncture,Dilation and Stenting

Vikas Sinha,Sudipti Sinha,Devang Gupta,Yogesh More,Bela Prajapati,Vadisha Bhat,B.K. Kedia,Manish Ninama,Sidhartha Shah 대한비과학회 2006 Journal of rhinology Vol.13 No.2

Background and Objectives:The bilateral choanal atresia is a medical emergency for which surgery is the only and definite treatment. We performed an atretic bone perforation using Hagers dilators. The purpose of this study, then, is to evaluate the efficacy of this simple technique of perforation, dilation and stenting. Material and Methods:We studied five patients who underwent surgery for a complete bilateral bony atresia from 1994 to 2004. All the patients were newborn: two males and three females babies. The male female ratio was 1:1.5. Their age varied from 1 day to 4 days. The surgery was performed with Hagers dilators using the puncture and dilation technique. Stenting was carried out in all cases using a non cuffed endotracheal tube. Results:The reestablishment of the nasal passage through a perforating atretic plate was considered a successful criteria of surgery. All the neonates had good nasal air passage after the perforation, dilation and stenting. Two of the patients who were with the CHARGE association died within 7 days due to causes unrelated to surgery. The other three patients had successful removal of stent after six weeks. There was no follow-up afterwards. Conclusion:The puncture, dilation and stenting technique by Hagers dilator is safe, quick and simple. It involves minimum blood loss and is without any complications. Stenting, therefore, is essential for preventing restenosis.