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Sib Sankar Giri,V. Sukumaran,Shib Sankar Sen,M. Oviya,B. Nazeema Banu,Prasant Kumar Jena 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.3
An extracellular detergent tolerant protease producing strain VSG-4 was isolated from tropical soil sample and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on morphological, biochemical characteristics as well as 16S-rRNA gene sequencing. The VSG-4 protease was purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulphate precipitation,dialysis and sephadex G-200 gel permeation chromatography with a 17.4 purification fold. The purified enzyme was active and stable over a broad range of pH (8.0-11.0, optimum at 9.0) and temperature (40°C to 60°C, optimum at 50°C). The thermostability of the enzyme was significantly increased by the addition CaCl_2. This enzyme was strongly inhibited by PMSF and DFP, suggesting that it belongs to the serine protease superfamily. The purified VSG-4 alkaline protease showed remarkable stability in anionic (5 mM SDS) and ionic (1% Trion X-100 and 1% Tween 80) detergents. It retained 97±2% and 83.6±1.1% of its initial activity after 1 h preincubation in the presence of 1% H_2O_2 and 1% sodium perborate, respectively. Furthermore, the purified enzyme showed excellent stability and compatibility with some commercial laundry detergents besides its stain removal capacity. Considering these promising properties, VSG-4 protease may find tremendous application in laundry detergent formulations.
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Giri, Sib Sankar,Sen, Shib Sankar,Chi, Cheng,Kim, Hyoun Joong,Yun, Saekil,Park, Se Chang,Sukumaran, V. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 Journal of immunology research Vol.2015 No.-
<P>The present study aimed to investigate the effects of<I> Chlorophytum borivilianum</I> polysaccharide (CBP), as a dietary supplement administered at varying concentrations with feed (basal diet), on various cytokine-related responses in<I> Labeo rohita</I> fingerlings. Immune parameters and immune-related gene expressions were measured at 3rd, 4th, and 5th week after feeding. The results revealed that dietary administration of CBP at 0.2% and 0.4% for 4 weeks significantly upregulated serum lysozyme and phagocytic activity. Complement C3 and respiratory burst activity (RBA) were significantly higher after 4 weeks of CBP feeding. The immune related genes<I> IL-8</I>,<I> IL-1β</I>,<I> TNF-α</I>, and<I> iNOS</I> were downregulated (<I>P</I> < 0.05) in groups with 0.2% and 0.4% CBP supplemented diets at week 4. Expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (<I>IL-10</I> and<I> TGF-β</I>) was also downregulated (<I>P</I> < 0.5) after 4 weeks of feeding with 0.2% to 0.8% CBP. However, five weeks of CBP administration had no significant effect on immune gene expression, except<I> TNF-α</I> and<I> IL-8</I>. Fish fed with 0.4% CBP for 4 weeks showed maximum resistance against<I> Aeromonas hydrophila</I> (73.3% survival) compared to control. From these results, we recommend that CBP administration at 0.4% for 4 weeks could effectively improve immune response and disease resistance in<I> L. rohita</I>.</P>
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Giri, Sib Sankar,Sukumaran, V.,Park, Se Chang ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2019 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.92 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Present study evaluated the effects of curcumin, the principal curcuminoid of turmeric, on <I>Cyprinus carpio</I> growth, skin mucosal immune parameters, immune-related gene expression, and susceptibility to pathogen challenge. Diets containing four various concentrations of curcumin (g Kg<SUP>−1</SUP>): 0 g [basal diet], 5 g [T5], 10 g [T10], and 15 g [T15] were fed to the carp (average weight: 16.37 g) for 8 weeks. Growth parameters were analysed at 4 and 8 weeks post-feeding. Skin mucosal immune responses and expression were examined in 8 weeks post-feeding. Growth performance was significantly higher in T10 and T15, with final weight gain of 102.26 ± 2.31 g and specific growth rate of 3.24 ± 0.37, respectively. The lowest feed conversion ratio (2.35 ± 0.16) was recorded in T15 than in the control (<I>P</I> < 0.05). Among the skin mucosal immune parameters examined, lysozyme (36.8 ± 4.03 U mL<SUP>−1</SUP>), total immunoglobulin (6.74 ± 0.5 mg mL<SUP>−1</SUP>), protein level (18.7 ± 1.62 mg mL<SUP>−1</SUP>), alkaline phosphatase (96.37 ± 6.3 IU L<SUP>−1</SUP>), and protease activity (9.47 ± 0.82%) were significantly higher in T15, while the peroxidase activity was higher in T10 (10.24 ± 0.9 U mg<SUP>−1</SUP> protein). Further, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in serum and found to be higher in T10 or T15 than in the control (<I>P</I> < 0.05). However, malondialdehyde level decreased significantly in T10 and T15. Furthermore, antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 were upregulated in the head kidney, intestine, and hepatopancreas of fish in T10 and T15. Conversely, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor-alpha), signalling molecule NF-κBp65 were down-regulated in the tested tissues of T10 and T15. Expression of Toll-like receptor 22 (TLR22) was down regulated in head-kidney and intestine of T15. Fish from T15 exhibited significantly higher relative post-challenge survival (69.70%) against <I>Aeromonas hydrophila</I> challenge. Results of the present study suggest that dietary supplements of curcumin at 15 g Kg<SUP>−1</SUP>can significantly improve the growth performance, skin mucosal and serum antioxidant parameters, and strengthen the immunity of <I>C. carpio</I>. Therefore, curcumin represents a promising food additive for carps in aquaculture.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Curcumin intake improves growth and skin mucosal immunity of <I>Cyprinus carpio</I>. </LI> <LI> Dietary curcumin alters antioxidant- and inflammatory-related gene expression. </LI> <LI> Fish fed diet supplemented with 15 g kg<SUP>−1</SUP> of curcumin had the highest post-challenge survival rate. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Giri, Sib Sankar,Jun, Jun Woo,Sukumaran, Venkatachalam,Park, Se Chang ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2017 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.68 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study evaluated the effects of <I>Hybanthus enneaspermus</I> aqueous extract (HEE) as a feed supplement on growth, immune responses, haematological, and biochemical parameters of <I>Labeo rohita</I> and its susceptibility to <I>Aeromonas hydrophila</I> infection. Diets containing five variable concentrations of HEE (g kg<SUP>−1</SUP>) (0 [basal diet], 1.0 [H1], 2.0 [H2], 3.0 [H3], and 4.0 [H4]) were fed to fish (average weight: 17.2 ± 0.21 g) for 6 weeks. Growth parameters, immune parameters, and haemato-biochemical parameters were examined 6 weeks post-feeding. The results showed that growth parameters, such as final weight (39.47 ± 3.1 g) and specific growth rate (1.92 ± 0.2), were significantly higher in the H3 group than in the control. Immunological parameters such as serum lysozyme (24.73 ± 2.16 U mg<SUP>−1</SUP>), phagocytic activity (19.14± 0.26%), and respiratory burst activity (0.307 ± 0.005) were significantly higher in the H3 group, compared with the control. Among the haematological parameters examined, red blood cells, white blood cells, neutrophils, total serum protein, and albumin levels were significantly higher in the H3 group. However, HEE administration had no significant effect on haematocrit, haemoglobin, monocytes, or eosinophils levels. Blood biochemical parameters, including superoxide dismutase and alkaline phosphatase activities, were higher (<I>P</I> < 0.05) in the H3 group than in the control; however, the opposite result was found for aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, glucose, and cholesterol. Supplementation with 3 g kg<SUP>−1</SUP> HEE increased the activities of intestinal digestive enzyme (amylase, protease, and lipase) in fish. Moreover, fish fed diets supplemented with 3 g kg<SUP>−1</SUP> HEE exhibited the highest disease resistance against <I>A. hydrophila</I> infection. These results suggest that dietary administration of HEE (at 3 g kg<SUP>−1</SUP>) has several positive effects on growth, immune and haematological responses in <I>L. rohita</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Labeo rohita</I> diets were supplemented with <I>Hybanthus enneaspermus</I> extract (HEE). </LI> <LI> Dietary administration of 3 g kg<SUP>−1</SUP> HEE improved growth performance in <I>L. rohita.</I> </LI> <LI> Dietary HEE had several positive effects on haematological, biochemical and immune responses of fish. </LI> <LI> HEE at 3 g Kg<SUP>−1</SUP> enhanced the intestinal enzymatic activities in fish. </LI> <LI> Diets with 3 g kg<SUP>−1</SUP> HEE provided the highest protection against pathogen challenge. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Wahyu Widanarto,Mukhtar Effendi,Sib Krishna Ghoshal,Candra Kurniawan,Erfan Handoko,Mudrik Alaydrus 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.5
A series of bio-silica incorporated barium-ferrite-composites with the composition of (x)Bio-SiO2:(80-x)γ-Fe2O3: (20)BaO, where x = 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt% were prepared using the modified solid-state reaction method. The influence of different bio-silica (extricated from sintered rice husk) contents on the surface morphologies, structures, and magnetic characteristics of these composites were assessed. The relative complex permittivity and permeability were resolved using the Nicholson-Ross-Weir strategy in the frequency range of 8–13 GHz. Meanwhile, the reflection loss was estimated through the transmission/reflection line theory to assess the MW absorption properties of the composites. Incorporation of the bio-silica in the barium ferrite composites generated a new hexagonal phase (Ba3Fe32O51) and a tetragonal phase (BaFeSi4O10) which led to a decrease in the saturation magnetization and significant shift in the MW frequency absorption peak positions.
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Danny Kupka,Dirk Sibbing 대한심장학회 2018 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.48 No.10
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) — a combination of a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor and aspirin — has revolutionized antithrombotic treatment. Potent P2Y12 inhibitors such as prasugrel and ticagrelor exhibit a strong and more consistent platelet inhibition when compared to clopidogrel. Therefore, ticagrelor and prasugrel significantly reduce ischemic events, but at an expense of an increased bleeding risk in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). These observations have engaged intensive clinical research in alternative DAPT regimens to achieve sufficient platelet inhibition with an acceptable bleeding risk. Our review focusses on P2Y12 receptor therapy de-escalation defined as a switch from a potent antiplatelet agent (ticagrelor or prasugrel) to clopidogrel. Recently, both unguided (platelet function testing independent) and guided (platelet function testing dependent) DAPT de-escalation strategies have been investigated in different clinical studies and both switching strategies could be possible options to prevent bleeding complications without increasing ischemic risk. In light of the still limited data currently available, future large-scale trials should accumulate more data on various DAPT de-escalation regimens with both ticagrelor and prasugrel in unguided and guided de-escalation approaches. In the current review we aim at summarizing and discussing the current evidence on this still emerging topic in the field of antiplatelet treatment.
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Bacterial Osteomyelitis Induced by Morganella morganii in a Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps)
권준,김상화,김상근,김현중,Sib Sankar Giri,박세창 한국임상수의학회 2020 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.37 No.6
Bacterial osteomyelitis—or bacterial infection of the bone—is common in reptiles. Unfortunately, its treatment is challenging despite advances in diagnostic and medical technologies. Herein, we present the case of a sexually mature female bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) with left forelimb elbow joint stiffness. We diagnosed the reptile with a eft elbow joint traumatic structural abnormality based on gross examination and evaluation of radiographs. Treatment with clindamycin and cephalexin for bacterial infection failed and the reptile died. Necropsy revealed the causative bacteria as Morganella morganii. Treatment of osteomyelitis is typically focused against Staphylococcus aureus as it the most common cause of traumatic bone infection. However, M. morganii, the causative bacterium in this case, has a natural resistance to clindamycin and cephalexin. Recently, these bacteria have begun to appear in clinical reports, more commonly as the causative organisms of bone infections. M. morganii should be considered as a potential cause of infection. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment in such cases should be based on bacterial culture and susceptibility tests.
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Jin Woo Jun,Sib Sankar Giri,Hyoun Joong Kim,Saekil Yun,Cheng Chi,Sang Guen Kim,Se Chang Park 한국예방수의학회 2016 예방수의학회지 Vol.36 No.3
The squid Todarodes pacificus is a commercially important fishery species in East Asia. As East Asians consume raw or lightly cooked squids, there has been growing concern about parasitic infections associated with squid consumption. In the current study, five squids caught in the East Sea were sampled for parasitological research from the biggest fishery market in Seoul, Republic of Korea. They were dissected and examined for parasites using a light microscope. Proteocephalus sp. was isolated and identified using field emission scanning electron microscopy, PCR, and sequencing. Given that Proteocephalus spp. can be affected by water temperature and geographical characteristics, further research on Proteocephalus spp. with respect to changes in water temperature in the East Sea is important.
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Chi, Cheng,Giri, Sib Sankar,Jun, Jin Woo,Kim, Hyoun Joong,Kim, Sang Wha,Yun, Saekil,Park, Se Chang Elsevier 2017 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.65 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Okadaic acid (OA) is produced by dinoflagellates during harmful algal blooms and is a diarrhetic shellfish-poisoning (DSP) toxin. This toxin is particularly problematic for bivalves that are cultured for human consumption. This study aimed to reveal the effects of exposure to OA on the non-specific immune responses of bay scallop, <I>Argopecten irradians</I>. Various immunological parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lysozyme activities, and total protein level) were assessed in the hemolymph of bay scallops at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-exposure (hpe) to different concentrations (50, 100, and 500 nM) of OA. Moreover, the expression of immune system-related genes (<I>MnSOD</I>, <I>PrxV</I>, <I>PGRP</I>, and <I>BD</I>) was also measured. Results showed that SOD and ACP activities were decreased between 12 and 48 hpe. The ALP, lysozyme activities, and total protein levels were also modulated after exposure to different concentrations of OA. The expression of immune-system-related genes was also assessed at different time points during the exposure period. Overall, our results suggest that the exposure to OA had negative effects on the antioxidant and non-specific immune responses, and even disrupted the metabolism of bay scallops, making them more vulnerable to environmental stress-inducing agents; they provide a better understanding of the response status of bivalves against DSP toxins.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effect of okadaic acid (OA) on the bay scallop was investigated. </LI> <LI> Cytokine responses of bay scallop were altered by OA. </LI> <LI> Immune and antioxidant responses to OA were time and concentration-dependent. </LI> </UL> </P>
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