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엄기령,유일한,Sial Qadeer Akbar,서형택 한국물리학회 2021 Current Applied Physics Vol.23 No.-
Perovskite solar cells have been studied extensively in the area of perovskite solar cells because they have a comparatively free hysteresis. Through fabrication of a perovskite solar cell based on a vanadium oxide buffer, this study clarified the mechanism of electron and hole transport in the laminated layer upon irradiation with light. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the Vanadium (Ⅳ) oxide (VO2) sputtering process device was approximately 13% and with the spin-coating process was 8.5%. To investigate the physicochemical origin of such PCE differences depending on the process type, comprehensive band alignment and band structure analyses of the actual cell stacks were performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth measurements. Accordingly, it was found that the inconsistent valence band offset between the perovskite absorption layer and V2O5 layer as a function of the VO2 process type caused a difference in the hole transport, resulting in the difference in the efficiency.
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Jayagopal Madhavaraju,Alcides N. Sial,Reghunathan Rakhinath,Sooriamuthu Ramasamy,이용일,Ariputhiran Ramachandran 한국지질과학협의회 2015 Geosciences Journal Vol.19 No.2
A petrographic, carbon, oxygen and strontium study of the carbonate succession of the shallow marine Kallankurichchi and Niniyur formations of the Cauvery Basin, Tamil Nadu, India was conducted to understand the isotopic variations in seawater during Maastrichtian-Danian. The limestones from both the Kallankurichchi and Niniyur formations show large variations in Mn and Sr concentrations and high Mn/Sr ratios indicate alterations of primary isotopic signatures during shallow burial diagenesis. The limestones of both the Kallankurichchi and Niniyur formations show negative δ13C (‒4.73 to ‒0.49‰ VPDB; ‒5.63 to ‒1.87‰ VPDB; respectively) and δ18O values (‒8.89 to ‒3.66‰ VPDB; ‒8.56 to ‒5.41‰ VPDB; respectively). The carbon and oxygen isotope composition, δ13C vs. δ18O plot and Mn/Sr ratio suggest that the measured δ13C and δ18O values have been significantly altered during diagenesis. The limestones from both the Kallankurichchi and Niniyur formations show large variations in 87Sr/86Sr values (0.709310 to 0.711962; 0.708280 to 0.708398, respectively) which are higher than 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the contemporary Lower Maastrichtian (87Sr/86Sr: 0.707760) and Danian (0.707819 to 0.707833) seawaters. The elevated 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the limestones of the Kallankurichchi Formation suggest that these limestones were significantly modified by pore fluids during meteoric diagenesis. The observed large fluctuations in 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the Niniyur Formation resulted from variations in riverine input. One sample from the Niniyur Formation exhibits an unaltered 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.707828) which is interpreted to indicate an age of 65.02 Ma.
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HMM-based Scheme for Smart Instructor Activity Recognition in a Lecture Room Environment
Asim Raza,Muhammad Haroon Yousaf,Hassan Ahmed Sial,Gulistan Raja 한국산학기술학회 2015 SmartCR Vol.5 No.6
Instructor activity recognition can certainly play its part as an important parameter in evaluating and improving the performance of an instructor. This paper presents a single-layered sequential approach for instructor activity recognition in the lecture room environment. A hidden Markov model (HMM) scheme is selected as a sequential approach for activity recognition. The proposed system incorporates the five major activities of the instructor in the lecture room, i.e. walking, writing, pointing towards the board, standing, and pointing towards presentations. Background/foreground modelling is carried out using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) for instructor detection in the lecture room. Mesh features are selected to represent the instructor. After vector quantization, features are passed to the HMM for activity recognition. Time is tracked, and the occurrences of each activity are counted to elaborate on the activities the instructor performed during the lecture. The proposed scheme proved to be efficient owing to its high accuracy rate of over 90 percent in recognizing five different activities of an instructor as tested in a MATLAB simulation environment.
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Waqar Jaleel,Shafqat SAEED,Qamar Saeed,Muhammad Nadir NAQQASH,Muhammad Umair SIAL,Qurat Ul AINE,Lei YANYUAN,Zhao RUI,Yurong HE,Lihua LU 한국곤충학회 2019 Entomological Research Vol.49 No.4
Plutella xylostella is an important pest of cruciferous crops worldwide. However, information regarding the age‐stage, two‐sex life parameters of P. xylostella, which is vital for designing more effective control methods, is currently lacking. The present study reports age‐stage, two‐sex life table parameters for P. xylostella on napa cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. napa), white cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata), and cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis) under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 2°C, 50–60% relative humidity, and a 16‐h light : 8‐h dark photoperiod. The time for development from an egg to a male or female adult P. xylostella on white cabbage (mean [± SE] 41.15 ± 0.54 and 39.50 ± 0.54 days, respectively) was significantly longer than that on cauliflower and napa cabbage. Furthermore, P. xylostella fecundity on cauliflower (261.90 ± 4.53 eggs female) was significantly highest than on napa cabbage and white cabbage. Intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were highest on cauliflower 0.182 day−1 and 1.199 day−1 respectively as comparison to napa cabbage and white cabbage. The highest gross reproductive rate (GRR) and net reproductive rates (R0) of P. xylostella 65.87 and 52.58 respectively on cauliflower then those of other hosts. The findings of the present study indicate that cauliflower is the most suitable cultivar (host) for the development of P. xylostella. Based on these findings, crops like cauliflower can be used as trap crops when napa cabbage and white cabbage are the main crops.
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Rafique, Rehan,Asi, Muhammad Nadeem,Saqib, Muhammad,Hussain, Muhammad Hammad,Sial, Awais-ur-Rehman,Mushtaq, Aqsa The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2014 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.54 No.1
The jejunum is the longest part of the small intestine and its lumen is mainly involved in the absorption of the nutrients. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of metronidazole, ceftriaxoine sodium and their combination on the stenotic index of the end to end jujunal anastomotic site. To accomplish this, 20 healthy stray dogs were subjected to end to end jejunal ansastmosis. Dogs in Group A (control) underwent jejunal anstomosis with no antibiotic prophylaxis, while those in Group B received surgery and metronidazole alone at 50 mg/kg, those in Group C received ceftriaxone sodium intravenously at 30 mg/kg body weight prior to surgery and dogs in Group D were given metronidazole in combination with ceftriaxone sodium at 50 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively, 2 h before surgical intervention. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in the stenotic index was observed at 14 days after jejunal anastomosis. These findings indicate that prophylactic administration of metronidazole and ceftriaxone sodium alone or in combination had no significant effect on the stenotic index of the jejunum.
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