Effects of Phenytoin and Diazepam on the Seizure Activity in the Cortical Dysplasia Animal Models

Kim, Si-Hyung,Choi, In-Sun,Cho, Jin-Hwa,Park, Eun-Ju,Jang, Il-Sung,Choi, Byung-Ju,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Dysplasia-associated seizure disorders are markedly resistant to pharmacological intervention. Relatively little research has been conducted studying the effects of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) on seizure activity in a rat model of dysplasia. We have used rats exposed to methylazoxymethanol acetate(MAM) in utero, an animal model featuring nodular heterotopia, to investigate the effects of AEDs in the dysplastic brain. Pilocarpine was used to induce acute seizure in MAM-exposed and age-matched vehicle-injucted control animals. Field potential recordings were used to monitor amplitude and numbers population spikes, and paired pulse inhibition in response to stimulation of commissural pathway. Two commonly used AEDs were tested: diazepam 5, 2.5mg/kg;phenytoin 40, 60mg/kg. Diazepam(DZP) and phenytoin(PHT) reduced the amplitude of population spike in control and MAM-exposed rats. However, the amplitude of population spike was nearly eliminated in control rats as compared to the MAM-exposed rats. Pharmaco-resistance was tested by measuring seizure latencies in awake rats after pilocarpine administration(320mg/kg, i.p.) with and without pretreatment with AEDs. Pre-treatment with PHT 60 mg prolonged seizure latency in control rats, but not in MAM-exposed animals. The main findings of this study are that acute seizures initiated in MAM-exposed rats are relatively resistant to standard AEDs assessed in vivo. These data suggest that animal model with cortical dysplasia can be used to screen the effects of potential AEDs.

남한에서 확인되는 고구려의 시 · 공간적 정체성

양시은(Yang, Si Eun) 중부고고학회 2011 고고학 Vol.10 No.2

고구려는 5세기를 전후한 시점에 남한 지역으로 진출하기 시작하여 멸망하기 전까지 많은 유적과 유물을 남겼다. 475년 백제의 한성 접령을 계기로 본격화 되는 고구려의 남진은 몽촌토성을 기점으로 남쪽으로는 금강 유역까지 영역을 확장하기에 이르렀다. 이와 관련된 유적으로는 금강 유역의 목책 방어 단계의 관방 유적과 한강에서 금강 사이의 육상 교통로를 따라 소규모로 존재하고 있는 고구려 석실분을 들 수 있다. 이틀 유적에서 출토된 고구려 토기는 점열문, 파상문 등과 같은 문양이 시문되어 있거나 표면에 타날 흔적이 남아있는 등의 특징을 지니고 있다. 또한 이 시기에는 강원도 일대에서도 고분을 중심으로 고구려 유적이 일부 발견되었으나, 성곽 유적은 확인되지 않았다. 6세기에 들어 백제의 세력이 재정비되자 고구려는 금강 유역에서 한강 유역으로 후퇴하게 되는데, 한강 북안의 아차산 보루군은 이제 목책에서 석축 성벽으로 방어 체계를 전환하게 된다. 많은 보루가 유기적으로 연결되어 있는 아차산 보루군은 단순한 감시 기능을 담당하는 보루들의 집합군이라기 보다는 행정 및 군사를 모두 담당할 수 있는 일종의 대형 성곽으로써 기능했을 가능성이 높다. 551년 백제와 신라 연합군에 의해 한강 유역을 상실한 고구려는 임진 한탄강을 최종 방어선으로 삼게 되는데, 해당 시기에는 임진강 유역의 관방유적 또한 아차산 보루문과 마찬가지로 이미 묵책에서 여축 성벽 단계로 전환되었던 것으로 보인다. 암진강 유역에서는 외당을 갖춘 기와 건물지가 들어선 호로고루가 가장 중심이 되었던 것으로 파악된다. 고구려의 남진은 백제와 신라에도 많은 영향을 미치게 되는데, 특히 백제 지역에서는 고구려계 토기가 제작되고 있다는 점이 특징적이다. 그 중에서도 사비기 고구려계 백제 토기는 제작 시점이 6세기임에도 불구하고 5세기대 고구려 토기의 특징을 보여주고 있다는 정에서 시사하는 바가 크다고 하겠다. In 5th century, Koguryo(Goguryo, 高句麗) moved southern Korea and then left many remains and relics before the collapse. After dominating Hanseong(漢城) at 475, Koguryo had built a command oenter to move southward in Mongchon toseonglearthenwall), And then Koguryo advanced to the Geum River basin. In this regard, fortresses which are banicaded by the wooden fenoe and tombs which are independently located on the traffic route are left in the late 5th century. Koguryo pottery of that sites show the surface decoration of dot-rows(點列) or wave lines(波狀) and the traoes of tanal(padd!ing, 打撿). In 6th century, Koguryo receded from the Geum River basin to the Han River basin due to Baekje(百濟)' s power expansion. That time, Koguryo fortresses of Acha mountain was switched the defense system from the wooden fenoe(木珊) to the stone wall(石築城壁). These fortresses were organically interlinked, so fortresses in Acha mountain itself probably served as a single mid-scale castle, whose administrative center is assumed to have been Hongreonbong Fort No.1. In 551, as the allied powers of Si!la(新羅) and Baekje moved northward, Koguryo receded the lnljin and Hantan River basin. That time, Koguryo fortresses of lnljin River basin was also switched the defense system from the wooden fenoe to the stone wall. That area' s center is assumed to have been Horogoru fortress which was built the tile-roofed house. Meanwhile, Koguryo' s southward advance had many influences to Baekje. Koguryo styled pottery had been made. Characteristics of Koguryo pottery continued throughout the Sabi period and became new styled pottery, so called "Sabi Style Pottery" , distinct from the typical Baekje pottery.

수원 일월저수지에서 Microcystis aeruginosa (K$\ddot{u}$tzing) K$\ddot{u}$tzing 수화현상 시 환경요인들의 변화

김지은,박정원,조기안,김시균,Kim, Ji-Eun,Park, Jung-Won,Jo, Ki-An,Kim, Si-Kyoon 한국하천호수학회 2013 생태와 환경 Vol.46 No.2

본 연구는 수원 일월저수지에서 수화현상 시 환경요인들의 변화와 한국형 부영양화 지수를 이용하여 영양단계를 평가하였다. 수화현상 종은 남조류의 Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz.였으며 조사기간 내내 우점하였다. 수온은 평균 $25.7{\sim}28.4^{\circ}C$, pH는 8.4~11.17, CODcr는 4.25~$72.0mg\;L^{-1}$, 전기전도도는 333.1~$749.0{\mu}S\;cm^{-1}$, Chl-a는 22.0~$185.0mg\;L^{-1}$였다. 정체 수역인 정점 2에서 CODcr는 다른 정점에 비해 2.9배 정도로 높아 내부기원 유기물의 기여도가 높은 것으로 판단된다. 영양염인 TN은 평균 28.86~$56.75mg\;L^{-1}$, TP는 0.2~$1.24mg\;L^{-1}$로 매우 높았고, Fe는 0.11~$1.05mg\;L^{-1}$이었고, Si는 3.13~$7.46mg\;L^{-1}$이었다. TN과 TP는 일월저수지 내에 지속적으로 누적된 것으로 파악되었고, Fe도 높은 농도가 유지되었다. 한국형 부영양화지수는 37.19~147.22였다. 영양단계는 중영양에서 과영양 단계로 평가되었고, 같은 저수지 내에서도 시기 및 지점에 따라 영양단계가 다름을 나타내므로 많은 자료가 추적된다면 한국형 영양단계 분석은 저수지의 영양단계 분석 시 매우 유용하게 활용될 것으로 판단된다. Variances in environmental factors were followed in Ilwol reservoir, Suwon, during bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa (K$\ddot{u}$tzing) K$\ddot{u}$tzing, Cyanophtya from August to October, 2011. M. aeruginosa dominated the water column throughout the investigation period. The water temperature varied from $25.7^{\circ}C$ to $28.4^{\circ}C$, pH 8.40 to 11.17, CODcr 4.25 to $72.00mg\;L^{-1}$, electrical conductivity 333.1 to $749.0{\mu}g\;cm^{-1}$, and Chl-a 22 to $185mg\;L^{-1}$. In particular, the high levels of CODcr is likely indicate high contribution of autochthonous organic matters in the reservoir. TN varied from 28.86 to $56.75mg\;L^{-1}$, TP 0.20 to $1.24mg\;L^{-1}$, Fe 0.11 to $1.05mg\;L^{-1}$, and Si 3.13 to $7.46mg\;L^{-1}$. These increases imply constant accumulation in Ilwol reservior, and reinforce the idea of autochthonous organic matters input in the reservoir. The Korea Trophic Status Index ($TSI_KO$) varied from 37.19 to 147.22. Trophic levels varied from mesotrophic to hypertrophic level, and differed spatio-temporally. Therefore, it is concluded that $TSI_KO$ is useful for analyzing trophic status of reservoirs.

VoIP(Voice over IP)서비스 품질관리 방안 연구

노시춘,김태은 남서울대학교 2009 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

VoIP service is divided into H.323 related service and SIP related service. Development of multimedia service for VoIP is in the process going beyond the utilization phase of voice service. This research proposes that VoIP QoS can be provided by managing the weakness of VoIP related protocol with design of measurement management process model for VoIP QoS. Furthermore, it proposes the use of analysed item and quality item driven per voice service from VoIP service quality measurement value of the site utilizing VoIP service can increase the quality. This research is finding the meaning and assignment of VoIP QoS to deduct how to manage the control system and presenting the QoS control process and trial framework. The trial framework is the modeling of the QoS measurement metrics, the measurement time schedule, the section, hierarchy, instrument, equipment and method of measurement and the series of cycle & the methodology about analysis of the result of measurement. Measurement result can be used for improvement of VoIP service quality of both service provider and user. However, if end user wants to measure the overall quality, not only IP network to be measured but also the Gateway. To acquire quality of VoIP, continuos development of efficient measurement method and measurement item to clearly indicate the quality level of service and performance of network, and applying of such development is necessary. Keywords : VoIP, QoS, framework

반코마이신 골시멘트의 유효성 및 안정성에 대한 고찰

황시영,김은영 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2012 藥學論文集 Vol.27 No.-

Infections of prosthetic joints represent a major cause of morbidity from both the loss of mobility. Vancomycin impregnated cement is used as a spacer or during reimplantation surgery for the treatment of prosthetic joint infection. The aim for this article is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety for preclusive use of vancomycin to prosthetic joint. PubMed and EMBASE search was conducted using a combination sear ch term "vancomycin" as MeSH terms, "cement" as All Fields, and "infection" as All Fields. 9 out of 40 papers which were searched were used to reviewing. Effectiveness- although results of randomized, controlled trials were insufficient, the result shows that vancomycin-impregnated cement takes advantage of prevention and control of infection and maintenance of joint function. Safety- in some cases, nephrotoxicity was reported when vancomycin-impregnated cement was inserted. But still in needs more well designed RCTs and supportive guidelines. Although the use of vancomycin with impregnated cement is not approved by KFDA, it was effective and safe for the treatment of prosthetic joint infection based on this review.

개에서 심장사상충과 유선암종 합병증의 1예

조은상,손화영,류시윤,조성환 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 動物醫科學硏究所 2005 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.-

A dog which referred to animal hospital with chief compliment of left hindlimb lameness, was died under the examination, so we observed this case histopathologically. Clinical signs were hindlimb lameness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, lethargy, hemoptysis, anorexia, and coughing. The gross findings were 5cm in diameters nodule in the caudal abdomen, swelling and milky nodules of the lung, swelling and gray-white patches of the liver, ovarian cyst and dirofilariasis in the heart. In histopathologic examination, metastatic tumors and microfilaria were observed in the lung, liver, spleen, adrenal gland and kidney.

세라믹막을 이용한 포도당 농축

이수은,이시철,이용택 경희대학교 산학협력기술연구원 1999 산학협력기술연구논문집 Vol.5 No.-

Aqueous glucose solution was concentrated using ceramic membrane in this study, the effects of volumetric concentration factor(VCF) were investigated on the change of flux and the transmembrane pressure(TMP). VCF was increased with the increase in operating time. The permeate flux was reduced as VCF became higher. The permeate flux was sharply decreased at about 18 of VCF, and the flux was not increased any more even in increase of TMP

춘천 지역 주부들의 제례음식 준비에 관한 연구

김은실,함승시 동아시아식생활학회 2001 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.11 No.4

The survey on the practice of the memorial ceremonial food in Chuncheon area showed it varied according to social position of officiator, location(inland or seaside town), and personal condition. The study included the foods prepared for the memorial services on the memorial day, New Year's Day and Chusok. 1. 40,4% of the subjects were in the thirties at their age, 46.6% were high school graduates, 57.3% were the first daughter-in-law, 40.4% had no religion, 30,9% were working at public administration and earned less than 1 to 1,5 million won monthly, 2. 71.7% of the subjects who replied that the ancestor worship service had to be kept were Buddhists, 55.4% of them were high school graduates, and 58.8% of them ran independent businesses. They learned how to practice the ancestor worship service from their mother before marriage or from their parents-in-law after marriage. 3. The older the officiators, the better they wanted to keep the traditional format of the service, but the Christians and Catholics wanted to change the format to western style in the future. 4. 92.7% of them served cooked milled rice. They prepared the soup in the order of beef soup, radish soup and dried Alaskan Pollack soup, 5. Among cooked vegetable dishes, bracken was used the most and balloonflower root, mung bean sprout and spinach followed, Among jeon(pan-fried foods), frozen Alaskan Pollack was used the most and buckwheat, mung bean and meatball followed. 6. They served san-juk(beef kebab) mostly on the ceremony. Among the grilled foods, tofu was the favorite, and croaker followed. 7. Among the fried foods, squid was the favorite, and sweet-potato and shrimp followed. Among the dried foods, they used in the order of dried Alaskan pollack, dried beef and squid. 8. Among the rice cake and traditional confectionery, they used in the order of Yak-sik(sweet rice cake), Gang-jeong(fried glutinous rice cookie), Jeol-pyun and In-jeol-mee. Among a beverage, they served Sik-hye(fermented rice drink) mostly. 9. Among fruits, apples, jujube, chestnut and dried persimmon were served. Among a liquor, Cheongju was served mostly. 10. Soy sauce, salt and salted fermented fish were served, too.

작문매체와 학습자의 메타인지가 작문의 질과 길이 및 작문태도에 미치는 영향

조경은,김회수,염시창 한국교육정보미디어학회 1999 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.5 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 작문에서의 컴퓨터(워드프로세서) 사용이 최근 작문에서 중요하게 논의되고 있는 학습자의 메타인지와 함께 작문의 결과에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이었다. 이를 위해 광주에 있는 U중학교 3학년 남학생 80명을 대상으로 메타인지 수준별(상·하)과 워드집단과 지필집단으로 무선 배정한 후 수업시간에 작문을 하도록 하고 작문 결과와 작문 태도 검사를 통해 작문의 길이와 질, 그리고 작문에 대한 태도 및 그 상호작용 효과를 실험하였다. 실험 결과 워드를 사용한 집단과 메타인지 상위 집단의 작문의 길이와 질은 더 좋았으나, 작문의 태도나 작문 매체와 메타인지 수준에 따른 작문의 길이와 질, 태도의 상호작용 효과는 의의 있는 차이가 없었다. 이에 작문 매체와 메타인지 수준은 작문의 길이와 질에 영향을 준다는 것과, 작문의 태도 및 매체와 메타인지 수준의 상호작용 효과는 다양한 실험 설계와 충분한 시간, 워드프로세서를 이용한 작문 기회의 확대 등과 더불어 다시 논의되어져야 할 것임을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of media and metacognition and their interactive effects on writing quantity, quality, and students' attitudes toward writing. The subjects of this experiment were selected 80 male students from third grades at U middle school in Kwangju city. The research design was 2x2 factorial design with four groups by levels of metacognition and writing medm. On the basis of metacognition test scores, the subjects were divided into two groupshgh vs. low), and these groups were randomly assigned to ane of word-processor writing group and hand-writing group, forming four groups in total. After pretest of writing attitudes, each group were given 45 minutes writing time and took the posttest of writing attitudes after a week. ANOVA and ANCOVA were employed to analyze the data and the significance level, alpha was set at a .05 level. The results were as follows: First, the word-processing group was superior to the hand writing group in writing quantity and quality. second, the high-metacognition group was superior to the low metacognition group in writing quantity and quality. But, writing media and metacognition didn't have a significant effects on student' s attitudes. third, there was no interaction effects between the writing media and the levels of prior metacognition on writing quantity, quality and students' attitudes. Last, in the word-processing group, high metacognition subjects received higher scores than low metacognition subjects. The findmgs from this study indicated that writing media and metacognition had significant effects on writing quantity and quality, and that we must rethink

당 함유 식품 섭취 증가가 어린이 건강에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김시경,황은선,김건희 덕성여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2007 자연과학 논문집 Vol.13 No.-

우리나라는 지난 20년간 설탕소비량이 무려 20% 가까이 증가했고, 간식으로 인한 설탕 섭취량 증가는 아동의 식생활을 변화시킨 중요한 요인이 되었음에 불구하고 우리나라 아동의 설탕섭취에 대한 연구는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 식품에 첨가되는 설탕은 열량만을 낼 뿐 그 외의 영양소는 들어 있지 않으므로 "빈(empty) 영양소"라고 불리며, 많이 섭취하게 되면 상대적으로 영양소가 풍부한 다른 식품의 섭취가 적어져 영양불균형 상태를 초래할 수도 있다. 설탕으로부터 손쉽게 얻는 과도한 열량은 체지방으로 쉽게 축척되어 1차적으로 비만을 야기할 뿐 아니라, 당뇨병, 고지혈증, 충치, 과잉활동장애와 같은 2차적 문제들에 대한 심각성이 보고되고 있다. 우리나라 당류 소비현황과 어린이 기호식품의 당함량 실태에 대한 조사 결과를 바탕으로 문제점 분석 및 향후 발전 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 현재 우리나라 가공식품의 총당(total sugars) 함량표시는 의무화되어 있지는 않으며 과다한 당 섭취를 막고 과잉의 당 섭취로 인한 비만 등의 질병을 예방하기 위해서 총당(total sugars) 함량 표시는 시급하다. 어린이 및 청소년의 건강관리, 비만예방을 위한 당 함량 및 영양성분표시의 의무화가 필요하며, 어린이 기호 식품에 대한 정보를 어린이가 이해하기 쉽게 표기하여야 한다. 나아가 어린이는 올바른 식습관을 형성하는 시기인 만큼 바람직한 정책제시와 올바른 교육을 통하여 무분별한 당 섭취로 인한 어린이의 건강의 문제발생을 예방하고자 한다.