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중국 춘절당(春節檔) 문화 현상에 대한 연구: 2021년의 춘절당을 중심으로
양순초 ( Yang¸ Shun Chao ) 현대영상문화연구소 2021 반영과 재현 Vol.2 No.-
본 논문은 구체적으로 중국 ‘춘절당(春節檔(중국 춘절 기간 상영 영화)’의 문화현상과 춘절 기간의 영화시장을 중심으로 2021년 ‘춘절당’기간의 문화 현상에 대해 분석과 연구를 실행한다. 2021년의 ‘춘절당’의 문화 현상 연구를 주요 논점으로 ‘춘절당’의 발전 역사를 귀납하고 정리함으로써, ‘춘절당’ 형성의 역사 과정 및 계기에서 2021년 ‘춘절당’이 거대한 성공을 거둔 원인 및 중국 영화의 발전과 ‘춘절당’간의 관계를 찾을 수 있다. 2021년의 ‘춘절당’은 중국 영화계에 특별한 한 차례의 시기로, 2020년 중국 춘절 영화시장은 코로나 감염병 여파로 ‘춘절당’이 심각한 타격을 입었다. ‘춘절당’ 기간에 상영을 준비하던 영화들이 갑작스러운 코로나 감염병 사태로 영화관에서 퇴출됐다. 이 때문에 2020년 ‘춘절당’ 기간의 영화 흥행 수입은 거의 ‘0’으로 집계됐다. 하지만 ‘춘절당’은 1년간의 코로나 감염병 사태를 겪은 후 흥행 수입이 줄기는커녕 이전의 모든 ‘춘절당’ 기간의 흥행 수입보다 더 많은 기록을 세우는 역사적 변화를 겪었다. 뿐만 아니라 중국 춘절 영화시장의 역사적 기록들도 잇달아 갈아치우고 있다. 이 때문에 2021 ‘춘절당’ 기간에 80억 위안에 가까운 흥행 수입을 올리며 중국 영화계의 뜨거운 관심사로 떠올랐다. ‘춘절당’은 중국 영화시장 및 중국 영화문화에서 빼놓을 수 없는 중요한 영화상영 시기로서, 현대 중국 영화문화와 영화시장에서 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. ‘춘절당’은 중국 영화가 발전하는 과정에서 전통 명절과 결합해 형성된 중국 특색의 문화전통으로, 현대적 의의가 있는 문화전통이 ‘신민속(新民俗)’의 특징을 뚜렷하게 형성하고 있으며, 이는 특히 2021년 ‘춘절당’에서 더욱 잘 드러난다. 따라서 중국 ‘춘절당’ 문화 현상의 연구를 통해 중국 영화시장과 영화문화의 발전을 이해하고, 동시에 현재 중국 영화시장에 내재된 전통문화의 의미를 발견할 수 있다. Centering on the cultural phenomenon of the Chinese Spring Festival stalls and the film market during the New Year season, this paper analyzes and studies the cultural phenomenon during the Spring Festival in 2021. With the help of the study of the cultural phenomenon of the Spring Festival period in 2021, this paper figures out the specific reasons for the success of the Spring Festival box office in 2021 and the relationship between Chinese movie development and the Spring Festival stalls by summarizing and organizing the historical process and opportunities of the formation of this period. The year 2021 is unusual for Chinese cinema. The Chinese Spring Festival market in 2020 was hit hard by Covid-19. Many films scheduled for release during the Spring Festival period had to remove from cinemas because of the sudden outbreak of the epidemic. As a result, the box office for the 2020 Chinese New Year season was almost zero. However, in 2021, the Spring Festival saw a shocking change, with box office revenues exceeding those of all previous Spring Festival releases. Not only that, but it also broke several historical records for the Chinese Spring Festival movie market. As a result, the 2021 Spring Festival ended with box office revenue of nearly eight billion yuan, making it a hot topic for the Chinese film industry. As an irreplaceable film release period in the Chinese film market and film culture, the Chinese New Year season plays an essential role in modern Chinese film culture and the film market. The Spring Festival is a cultural tradition with Chinese characteristics slowly forming through the combination of Chinese cinema and traditional festivals as time passes by and gradually showing distinctive ‘new folklore’ characteristics, which is especially evident in the Spring Festival in 2021. Therefore, a study of the cultural phenomenon of the Chinese Spring Festival not only provides a better understanding of the Chinese film market and the development of film culture but reveals the traditional cultural meaning inherent in the Chinese film market today.
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Qingzhen Yang,Jingping Rao,Shunchao Yi,Kun Meng,Jianfeng Wu,Yali Hou 한국원예학회 2012 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.53 No.6
Kiwifruits (Actinidia chinensis cv. Hongyang) were treated by direct cooling and gradual cooling to investigate the effect of cooling treatment on chilling injury. The direct cooling fruits were immediately cooled at 0℃ after harvest. The gradual cooling fruits were held for 3 days at 5℃ (from 5℃ to 0℃), or for 7 days at 2℃(from 2℃ to 0℃), or decreased in temperature from 15℃ to 5℃ by 5℃ at 1 days intervals and then maintained at 5℃ for 3 days plus a subsequent period of of 7 days at 2℃ (from 15℃ to 0℃). After the above treatments, then those fruit were stored at 0 ± 0.5℃, 90% to 95% RH for 80 days. Gradual cooling (from 15℃ to 0℃) significantly maintained higher percentage of accepted fruit and lower chilling injury index and chilling injury incidence of fruit compared with the direct cooling. Some attributes were then assayed in the fruits treated with gradual cooling (from 15℃ to 0℃). Gradual cooling (from 15℃ to 0℃) inhibited increases in membrane permeability, malondialdehyde content, superoxide anion production rate, and H2O2 content. At the same time, fruit cooled gradually (from 15℃ to 0℃) exhibited higher superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase activities than those treated by direct cooling during storage. The present study indicated that enhancement in antioxidant enzyme activity may be attributed to the reduction in CI symptoms by the gradual cooling treatment (from 15℃ to 0℃).
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Li Yan,Lu Qin,Luo Hailing,Xia Shunchao,Li Haiyin,Xu Weihua 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.4
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays important roles in embryonic development, cell proliferation and tissue differentiation in vertebrates. Our previous studies demonstrated that TGF-β signal activates Smad1-POU-TFAM and PP2A-Akt pathways to regulate pupal diapause in Helicoverpa armigera. In this study, we investigated the function of TGF-β activates Smad2 pathway in H. armigera. Phylogenetic analysis of H. armigera TGF-β receptor I (TGFβRI), Smad2, Smad4 genes showed high conservation across species. In vitro experiments showed that TGFβRI was localized in the cell membrane where it binds Smad2 leading to the phosphorylation of Smad2. Smad4 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm, and bind to Smad2. Protein expression analysis showed that expression of TGFβRI, Smad4, Smad2, p-Smad2 were lower in diapause-destined pupae compared with nondiapause-destined pupae. Notably, treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) increased expression of the above proteins. Inhibition of TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway delayed pupal development. These findings indicate that TGF-β/Smad2 pathway is involved in pupal development or diapause in H. armigera.
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