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The Chronological Development of Parent Empowerment in Children’s Education in Hong Kong
Shun-wing NG 서울대학교 교육연구소 2007 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.8 No.3
The decentralization of the power of school governance is one of the recent trends of educational development in a global society in which the notion of parents as stakeholders and partners of state education is being gradually recognized, albeit at different paces, in several Asian countries. This paper attempts to analyze the chronological development of parent empowerment in Hong Kong. By examining the education policy documents of Hong Kong in the last three decades and looking into related debates in education reforms, the author conceptualizes five phases of development of parent empowerment which include (1) the period of absolute quiescence and acquiescence; (2) the period of wakefulness of parents’ rights and responsibilities, (3) the period of enhancing communication; (4) the period of accountability; and (5) the period of parents as partners.
Effects and Mechanism of Turmeric Vasorelaxation of the Thoracic Aorta in Hypercholesterolemic Rats
Tsz-Shan Kam,Cho-Yee Wong,Pui-Long Kwan,Wing Fat-Yiu,Sin-Ming Chiu,Shun-Wan Chan,Kit-San Yuen,Robbie Chan 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.2
An extract of Curcuma longa was tested in hypercholesterolemic rats to investigate its potential therapeutic effect on vascular conditions. Four experimental groups were used: normal diet (ND) control group, high cholesterol diet (HCD) group, and HCD subgroups supplemented with turmeric extract at 100 or 300 mg/kg of body weight (HCD100Tur and HCD300Tur groups, respectively). Turmeric extract was fed orally to animals, and dietary treatments lasted for 28 days. Hypercholesterolemia developed in the HCD, HCD100Tur, and HCD300Tur rats. Segments of the thoracic aorta were isolated, and an organ bath experiment was used to assess the vasorelaxation capability among all rats. Rats fed only HCD showed a marked decrease in acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation compared with ND control rats. The HCD100Tur and HCD300Tur rats showed significant improvement in vasorelaxation compared with HCD rats. When vasorelaxation was induced by high concentrations of sodium nitroprusside, no differences in vasorelaxation were observed among the four groups of rats. A mechanistic study showed that HCD100Tur and HCD300Tur rats had significantly higher levels of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase than HCD rats. The transcript levels of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), bcl2, bax-a, caspase (casp3), and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in aortic tissues indicated that hypercholesterolemia significantly increased the expression of bax-a and casp3 but down-regulated bcl2 expression compared with the control group. Turmeric increased the expression of hsp70 and bcl2 but greatly reduced casp3 expression,indicating that turmeric improves vasorelaxation of the aorta in hypercholesterolemic rats by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and likely suppressing apoptosis.
Chun-Yin Lau,Jianyu Guan,Ho-Yin TSE,Chi Shun Yeung,Chiu Wing Shum,Shao-Yuan Leu 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.24 No.5
Sulfide control is a vital issue affecting the regional air quality and operational safety in sewage treatment processes. The conventional sulfide removal techniques are sophisticated industrial processes which require large operational footprint or are related to hazardous chemicals. In this study, the performance of elemental sulfur recovery from a simple micro-aeration process with metal-TCPP ((5,10,15,20)-tetrakis-p-carboxyphenylporphyrin) was investigated through laboratory experiments. A minimum of fourfold enhancement of elemental sulfur recovery was achieved from sulfide dissolved wastewater with the addition of nickel (II) TCPP, which demonstrated the highest among seven various types of transition metal-porphyrin complexes in the 3d block elements. The optimized reaction conditions resulted in 72.53% sulfur recovery with the addition of only 4.5 ppm nickel into the solution. The catalyst significantly improves the recyclability and life-cycle of the water-based absorbent and provides benefits to odor control and resource recovery.
Ching-Min Kuo,Wei-Jen Liao,Chun-Che Huang,Tsuo-Hung Lan,Ching-Heng Lin,Shun-Ping Wang,Cheng-Hung Lee,Ping-Wing Lui 대한정신약물학회 2020 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.4
Objective: The relationship of antipsychotics and the risk of refracture in treated patients is unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between prolonged antipsychotic and the incidences of bone fractures and refractures in schizophrenia. Methods: This is a retrospective nested case-control study using Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database recorded from 2000 to 2005, with cases followed up to end of 2011. Total of 7,842 schizophrenic patients, 3,955 had developed bone fractures were compared with 3,887 control subjects matched in age, sex, and index date. Antipsychotic drug exposure was classified based on the drug type and medication duration. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results: We found (after adjustments) higher risks of developing fractures under continued use of typical (OR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.51−1.91) or atypical antipsychotics (OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.28−1.60) were found. Additionally, continued use typical (OR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.35−2.50) or atypical antipsychotics (OR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.06−1.95) was positively associated with refracture risks. Moreover, refractures were associated with continuous use of chlorpromazine (one typical antipsychotics, OR = 2.45; 95% CI, 1.14−5.25), and risperidone (OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.01−2.16) or zotepine (OR = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.06−4.36) (two atypical antipsychotics). Conclusion: Higher risks of bone fracture and refracture were found in schizophrenia under prolonged medication with typical or atypical antipsychotics. We therefore recommend that clinicians should pay more attention on bone density monitoring for patients using long-term antipsychotics.