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Shubao Geng,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.04
Asitic apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella Matsumura, is an important pest in apple orchard, however its reproductive characteristics and seasonal adaption is poorly understood. The longevity and fecundity of P. ringoniella were investigated at seven constant temperatures (13.7, 15.6, 20.5, 23.7, 26.1, 30.2, and 32.3℃), 60-80% RH, and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h. Female adult longevity increased as the temperature decreased. The highest fecundity was obtained at 15.6℃ (65.2 eggs/female), and the fecundity decreased as temperature increased. The oviposition model were comprised by four components: adult aging rate model, total fecundity model, age-specific oviposition rate model, and age-specific survival rate model. Female adult aging rates were well described by an inverse second-order polynomial function and the total fecundity model was well described by an extreme value function. Age-specific cumulative oviposition rate was well fitted to a three-parameter Weibull function and age-specific survival rate to a sigmoid function, respectively. The model would be useful in developing population model for P. ringoniella and establishing management strategy against P. ringoniella in apple orchards.
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Shubao Geng,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04
The apple leaf miner, Phyllonorycter ringoniella(Lepidoptera:Gracillariidae),is an important pest of apple trees in Japan, Korea and China. It is very important to know the development time of overwinter pupae for predicting the adult spring emergence in apple orchard. In total 556 damaged leaves caused by P. ringoniella were collected three times in two locations, Pohang and Mungyeong, and then were reared in five incubators with 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30℃, RH 60±5%, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h, respectively. There were larvae, pupae of P. ringoniella and its parasitoids inside these damaged leaves. Larval population was 44% inside the curled leaves, but found all dead. Pupal population was 41%, but 41% were found dead. Parasitism was 14.5% ranged from 4.5 to 17.9%. This means that the winter survival was only 23.9%. Surviving pupal developmental rate was linearly related to the temperature treated. Lower threshold was estimated to 3.58℃ with degree-day accumulation to adult emergence of 153.8 DD. From this information, adult emergence was predicted during early April. However this estimation was only based on the partial data from which current experiments are on-going. Further sophisticated research outcome will produce better understanding of the overwintering moth development and its modeling.
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Shubao Geng,정철의 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.3
Asiatic apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is an important insect pest of apple. The effect of five constant temperatures (13.3, 15.3, 20.7, 26.1, and 30.0 °C) on the demography of P. ringoniella was examined and the data were analyzed by life table parameters using jackknife technique. Developmental period of immatures (25.9–76.4 d) showed significant negative relationship to the temperatures with high temperature inhibition at 30 °C. Immature survival was highest at 20.7 °C and lowest at 30.0 °C. Temperature did not affect the 1:1 female:male ratio. Adult females lived longer (18.6 d) and produced highest number of eggs (94.0/female) at 15.3 °C but lived shorter (5.4 d) and produced least eggs (13.6/female) at 30.0 °C. Population growth parameters of net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) were higher at 20.7 °C. Mean generation time (T) decreased from 85.2 to 30.5 d as temperature increased from 13.3 to 30 °C, while the population doubling time (DT) was shortest (10.7 d) at 20.7 °C. This is the first detailed report on the demographic biology of P. ringoniella, and could facilitate the understanding of population dynamics and could help in decision making for P. ringoniella management in apple orchards.
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Shubao Geng,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10
The two-spotted spider (Tetranychus urticae) is an important pest of many agricultural crops. Laboratory bioassayswere conducted to determine the toxicity of Pyflubumide and Cyenopyrafen against three populations of T. urticae collectedfrom apple orchards. The adults and eggs of three populations all showed susceptibility to Pyflubumide and Cyenopyrafen,as the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values were all lower than each of the recommended concentrations. There wereconsiderable differences in susceptibility of the acaricides between eggs and adults in different populations. Pyflubumideshowed highest toxicity to adults of Yeongju population (LC50 = 1.40 mg/l) and eggs of Andong population (LC50 =0.54 mg/l). Cyenopyrafen showed lowest toxicity to adults of Andong population (LC50 = 20.29 mg/l) while displayedhighest toxicity to their eggs (LC50 = 2.64 mg/l). These results suggested that T. urticae had not developed resistancein these three regions, Pyflubumide and Cyenopyrafen can serve as alternative chemical candidate for integrated mite managementin apple orchards.
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Shubao Geng,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.10
Asiatic apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is an important insect pest in apple orchard, however little is known about its demography and relationship with environmental factors. The effect of five constant temperatures (13.3, 15.3, 20.7, 26.1, and 30.0℃) on the demography of P. ringoniella was examined based on jackknife randomization method in the laboratory. The lowest (34.0%) and highest (63.3%) survivorship of immature stages occurred at 30.0 and 20.7℃, respectively. Sex ratio was estimated to be 0.5 and was unaffected by the temperature. Mean developmental times of immature stage were inversely related to temperature and varied from 25.9 days at 26.1℃ to 76.4 days at 13.3℃. Female adult longevity was longest at 15.3℃ (18.6 ± 0.96 days) and shortest at 30℃ (5.4 ± 0.27 days). The highest (86.24) and lowest (13.59) gross fecundity rate occurred at 15.3 and 30.0℃, respectively, while daily egg production displayed its highest (6.48) and lowest (2.12) values at 26.1 and 30.0℃, respectively. The highest net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) obtained at 20.7℃ were 12.43, 0.064, and 1.067, respectively. Mean generation time (T) decreased with increasing temperatures from 85.24 days at 13.3℃ to 30.48 days at 30.0℃. Doubling time (DT) varied significantly with temperature and the shortest value (10.75 days) was obtained at 20.7℃. The life expectancies of female adult were estimated to be 16.2, 18.6, 10.8, 7.2, and 5.4 days at 13.3, 15.3, 20.7, 26.1, and 30.0℃, respectively. This study was the first time to report demographic biology of P. ringoniella, thus it provide potential direction for future research on P. ringoniella and its natural enemies in apple orchards.
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Shubao Geng,정철의 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.3
Asiatic apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella (Matsumura), is an important insect pest of apple. Overwintering pupae were collected from the apple orchards on February 11, February 25, and March 15, 2016, respectively. The three cohorts were subjected to six constant temperatures (12.0, 15.0, 20.9, 26.1, 29.9, and 35.6 °C, RH 75 ± 5%) and further development into adults was studied. The developmental period decreased with increasing temperature up to 29.9 °C and no development occurred at high temperature (35.6 °C). The development period was longest at 12.0 °C (56.44 ± 2.72 days) and shortest at 29.9 °C (13.33 ± 1.65 days) from the second sampling colony (February 25, 2016). Based on the linear relationship between developmental rates and temperatures, the lower developmental threshold (LT) and thermal constant (K) of overwintering pupae were estimated to 7.06 °C and 307.6 DD, respectively. The nonlinear Logan-6 model provided good description of temperature-dependent development especially with high temperature inhibition (r2=0.99). The cumulative emergence of P. ringoniella from overwintering pupae was well described by the two-parameter Weibull function (r2=0.83) using the accumulated degree-days based on the LT 7.06 °C. This model was validated with actual spring emergence data in both semi-field and field conditions in 2015 and 2016. The model would be useful in predicting the spring emergence of P. ringoniella and establishing management tactics against P. ringoniella in apple orchards.
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Shubao Geng,정철의 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.4
Asiatic apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella, is an important insect pest in apple orchards. However, information on its temperature-dependent reproductive behavior and oviposition model is lacking. The longevity and fecundity of P. ringoniella were investigated at seven constant temperatures (13.7, 15.6, 20.5, 23.7, 26.1, 30.2, and 32.3 °C), 60–80% RH, and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h. The longevity and fecundity of P. ringoniella were significantly influenced by temperature. Female adult longevity ranged from 6.3 days at 32.3 °C to 18.3 days at 15.6 °C. The fecundity ranged from 9.9 eggs at 32.3 °C to 65.2 eggs at 15.6 °C. The preoviposition (1.5–4.1 days) and oviposition (1.8–12.6 days) periods were significantly affected by temperature, while the postoviposition (1.2–2.2 days) period was not. Female adult aging rates (1/mean longevity) were well described by an inverse second-order polynomial function (r2 =0.98), which was used to calculate the physiological ages of female adults. The oviposition model of P. ringoniella comprised four components: adult aging rate model, total fecundity model, age-specific oviposition rate model, and age-specific survival rate model. The relationship between mean total fecundity and temperature was well described by an extreme value function (r2 =0.95). Age-specific cumulative oviposition rate was well fitted to a three-parameter Weibull function (r2 =0.98) and age-specific survival rate to a sigmoid function (r2 =0.99), respectively. The model would be useful in predicting egg occurrence of P. ringoniella and establishing a management strategy against P. ringoniella in apple orchards.
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Temperature-dependent oviposition model of Scopula subpunctaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Geng Shubao,Hou Heli,Wang Guojun,Jung Chuleui,Yin Jian,Qiao Li 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.3
Scopula subpunctaria, is one of important defoliating insect pests of tea plants in China. However, the effect of temperature on its longevity and fecundity had not been reported, and the temperature-dependent oviposition model is lacking. The reproductive characteristics of S. subpunctaria were investigated under eight constant temperatures (13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 33℃), with a 14L: 10D photoperid and 65–85% RH. The results showed that temperature significantly influence oviposition period, longevity, and fecundity of S. subpunctaria. The mean longevity of female adults increased from 10.8 days (33℃) to 33.9 days (13℃). Male lived shorter than female did. The mean longevity of males was shortest at 33℃ (8.1 days) and longest at 23.8℃ (17.6 days). Total fecundity of S. subpunctaria females ranged from 15.4 eggs at 33℃ to 279.9 eggs at 22℃. The temperaturedependent oviposition model of S. subpunctaria was constructed based on four sub-models (developmental rate model, total fecundity model, oviposition rate model, and survival rate model). The results of this study would be helpful in forecasting and predicting population occurrence of S. subpunctaria in tea plantations.
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Xiaolong Li,Shubao Geng,Hanjie Chen,정철의,Chunliang Wang,Hongtao Tu,Jinyong Zhang 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.1
The apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is an important insect pest of apple, with four to six generations a year in Korea, Japan, and China. The effect of mass trapping with sex pheromone traps on P. ringoniellawas investigated in apple orchards in 2015 in Yinchuan, China. Trap density treatments were 0, 75, 150, and 225/ha in the Control, T1, T2, and T3 orchard blocks, respectively. Average numbers of male catches permonitoring trapwere significantly lower in T2 and T3 treatments and highest in the control. Control efficiencies estimated fromthe leaf damage were 86.67±4.71, 97.23±3.93, and 100% in T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Significant within-tree migration of the moths from the lower part to the upper part was indicated by the shift of trap catches from lower (1–2 m high) to upper portions (3 m high) of the tree from early August. Mass trapping with sex pheromone traps can be one effective and environmentally friendly method to reduce the P. ringoniella populations in apple orchards. Trap density of 150/ha and hanging at 2 m height was recommended for growers to control and monitor its population, respectively
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