Cloning and different expression of ATP synthase genes between propargite resistant and susceptible strains of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acarina: Tetranychidae)

Shu-Jun Wei,Jing Ni,Kuanyu Zheng,Zhenguo Yang,Daoyan Xie,Aisi Da,Jianping Chai,Xiujun Jiang,Shaoxiang Li 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.1

The carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval), is a serious phytophagous mite damaging importantcrops and can rapidly develop resistance to acaricides. Mitochondrial ATP synthase (F1F0 ATP synthase)is an important target site of acaricides. The role of ATP synthase in acaricide resistance remains unclear at themolecular level. In this study, twelve full-length cDNAs of ATP synthase genes were cloned and characterizedfrom T. cinnabarinus and their expression levels were determined for both progargite-resistant and susceptiblestrains. The effect of propargite exposure on gene expression was also evaluated. Analyses of gene expressionrevealed that TcATPsynU-2, TcATPsynF0-2 and TcATPsynF0-4 were significantly down-regulated in the progargite-resistant strain. TcATPsynF0-2 and TcATPsynF0-4 had a strong response to progargite exposure. Theresults suggest that lower levels of TcATPsynU-2, TcATPsynF0-2 and TcATPsynF0-4 expression might be related topropargite-resistance observed in the resistant T. cinnabarinus. This is the first attempt to identify specific ATPasegenes involved in propargite resistance in T. cinnabarinus.

AN EXACT LOGARITHMIC-EXPONENTIAL MULTIPLIER PENALTY FUNCTION

Shu-jun Lian 한국전산응용수학회 2010 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.28 No.5

In this paper, we give a solving approach based on a logarithmic-exponential multiplier penalty function for the constrained minimization problem. It is proved exact in the sense that the local optimizers of a nonlinear problem are precisely the local optimizers of the logarithmic-exponential multiplier penalty problem.

Original Article: Food Science/Microbiology : Immobilization of α-amylase from Exiguobacterium sp. DAU5 on Chitosan and Chitosan-carbon Bead: Its Properties

( Shu Jun Fang ),( Jie Chang ),( Yong Suk Lee ),( Eun Jung Hwang ),( Jae Bok Heo ),( Yong Lark Choi ) 한국응용생명화학회 2016 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.59 No.1

Glutaraldehyde was used as a cross-linking agent for immobilization of purified α-amylase from Exiguobacterium sp. DAU5. Befitting concentration of glutaradehyde and cross-linking time is the key to preparation of cross-linking chitosan beads. Based on optimized immobilization condition for α-amylase, an overall yield of 56% with specific activity of 2,240 U/g on chitosan beads and 58% with specific activity of 2,320 U/g on chitosan-carbon beads was obtained. The optimal temperature and pH of each immobilized enzyme activity were 50℃ and 50 mM glycine-NaOH buffer pH 8.5, respectively. Those retained more than 75 and 90% of its maximal enzyme activity at pH 7.0-9.5 and after incubation at 50℃ for 1 h, respectively. In addition, the immobilization product showed higher organic-solvent tolerance than free enzymes. The mode of hydrolyzing soluble starch revealed that the α-amylase possessed high hydrolyzing activity. These results indicate that chitosan is good support and has broad application prospects of enzyme immobilization.

Epidemiological investigation and phylogenetic analysis of Classical Swine Fever virus in Yunnan province from 2015 to 2021

Jun Yao,Linlin Su,Qiaoping Wang,Lin Gao,Jiarui Xie,Yuwen He,Xianghua Shu,Chunlian Song,Jun Chai,Yifang Zhang,Shibiao Yang 대한수의학회 2022 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.23 No.4

Background: Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), the causative agent of classical swine fever (CFS), is a highly contagious disease that poses a serious threat to Chinese pig populations. Objectives: Many provinces of China, such as Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, and Liaoning provinces, have reported epidemics of CSFV, while the references to the epidemic of CSFV in Yunnan province are rare. This study examined the epidemic characteristics of the CSFV in Yunnan province. Methods: In this study, 326 tissue samples were collected from different regions in Yunnan province from 2015 to 2021. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), sequences analysis, and phylogenetic analysis were performed for the pathogenic detection and analysis of these 326 clinical specimens. Results: Approximately 3.37% (11/326) of specimens tested positive for the CSFV by RT-PCR, which is lower than that of other regions of China. Sequence analysis of the partial E2 sequences of eleven CSFV strains showed that they shared 89.0–100.0% nucleotide (nt) and 95.0–100.0% amino acid (aa) homology, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these novel isolates belonged to the subgenotypes 2.1c and 2.1d, with subgenotype 2.1c being predominant. Conclusions: The CSFV was sporadic in China’s Yunnan province from 2015 to 2021. Both 2.1c and 2.1d subgenotypes were found in this region, but 2.1c was dominant.

Three homologous genes encoding functional D8-sphingolipid desaturase in Populus tomentosa

Shu-Fen Li,Zan-Min Hu,Guo-Jun Zhang,Ying-Chun Yuan,Cong-Hui Wang,Wu-Jun Gao,Chuan-Liang Deng,Long-Dou Lu 한국유전학회 2014 Genes & Genomics Vol.36 No.3

Δ8-sphingolipid desaturase is characterized by itsability to catalyze desaturation at the C8 position of the longchainbase of sphingolipids in plants. No previous studieshave been conducted on genes encoding Δ8-sphingolipiddesaturases in the woody plant Populus tomentosa. In thisstudy, three genes that encode Δ8-sphingolipid desaturasewere isolated fromP. tomentosa. Among these genes, PtD8Aand PtD8B showed high sequence similarity; whereas PtD8Cexhibited large sequence divergence.RT-PCRresults showedthat PtD8A and PtD8B were expressed in all tissues detected,whereas PtD8C was not expressed in roots. Heterologousexpression in yeast revealed that PtD8A/B/C were functionalΔ8-sphingolipid desaturases, and can catalyze the C18-phytosphingeninedesaturation to produce 8(Z)- and 8(E)-C18-phytosphingenine.However, the conversion rate and ratios ofthe two products differed. Compared with control cells,transgenic yeasts expressing PtD8A/B/C exhibited enhancedaluminum tolerance. Our findings further elucidated thebiochemical functions and evolutionary history ofΔ8-sphingolipid desaturases in plants. Candidate genes forbreeding new poplar germplasm resources with enhancedtolerance ability to aluminium were also provided.

Synthesis of a Series of Zinc Porphyrins and Spectroscopic Changes upon Coordination Reaction with Imidazole Derivatives

Shu-Jun Wang,Yu-Ling Peng,Cheng-Gen Zhang,Yong-Bing Li,Chao Liu 대한화학회 2015 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.36 No.11

Three metal-free porphyrins modified with Boc-l-threonine and their zinc analogs were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis,1H NMR, UV/vis, and fluorescence spectroscopies. The binding of imidazole derivatives to these zinc porphyrins was studied, with emphasis on the binding mechanism in CH2Cl2 solution, by means of UV/vis spectroscopy and quantum chemical methods. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations showed that a coordination reaction occurred between the zinc porphyrins and imidazole derivatives. The association constants between the zinc porphyrins and imidazole derivatives decreased in the order N-MeIm>Im. Increasing the temperature disfavored the interaction. Thermodynamic parameters calculated by the van't Hoff equation showed that the driving force for the reaction was the enthalpy change. The fluorescence changes associated with the interaction between the zinc porphyrins and imidazole derivatives were also studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The experimental results showed significant quenching between the various zinc porphyrins and imidazole derivatives.

CASPT2 Study on the Low-lying Electronic States of 1,3,5-C6H3Cl3 + Ion

Shu-Yuan Yu,Cheng-Gen Zhang,Shu-Jun Wang 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.5

The multiconfiguration second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) methods were employed to calculate the geometries and energy levels for the low-lying electronic states of 1,3,5-C6H3Cl3 + ion. The CASPT2 values for the 1,3,5-C6H3Cl3 + ion were in reasonable agreement with the available experimental values. The current calculations augmented previous theoretical investigations on the ground state and assigned the low-lying excited electronic states of the 1,3,5-C6H3Cl3 + ion. The Jahn-Teller distortion in the excited electronic state for the 1,3,5-C6H3Cl3 + ion were reported for the first time.

Impact of Stress Engineering on the Electron Mobility and the Balistic Current for Strained Si NMOSFETs

Shu-Tong Chang,Shu-Hui Liao,Wei-Ching Wang,Chung-Yi Lin,Jun-Wei Fan 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.2

The physical mechanisms of electron mobility and balistic drain curent enhancement by stress are investigated. From modified higher-order k·p band calculations, the stress-induced split of the conduction band edge and the effective mass change are quantitatively evaluated. It was experimentaly and theoreticaly demonstrated that the energy surface of 2-fold valeys in Si NMOSFETs on a (001) wafers is especially warped due to a uniaxial [110] stress, resulting in a lighter transverse effective mass of the 2-fold valleys parallel to the stress. The physical reasons for the warped subband structure and the abnormal mobility enhancement caused by the uniaxial stres are investigated. The rates of variation of the experimental electron mobility in NMOSFETs on wafers with (01) orientations undera <110> uniaxial stress as a function of the channel direction is theoretically studied. The limits of electron mobility enhancement and the effectiveness of stress enginering in enhancing the balistic drain current of NMOSFETs are also discussed.

Synthesis of Tailed Metalloporphyrins Modified with 2-Chloronicotinic Acid and Interactions with Human Serum Albumin

Shu-Jun Wang,Yu-Ling Peng,Cheng-Gen Zhang,Qi Peng Ma,Xiao Xia Peng,Li Lei Ren 대한화학회 2017 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.38 No.7

Two kinds of free-base tailed porphyrins modified with 2-chloronicotinic acid and the corresponding Zn porphyrins have been synthesized. They have been characterized by elemental analysis and NMR, UV/Vis, fluorescence spectra, and infrared spectroscopies. Their configurations have been optimized through theoretical calculations. The fluorescence quantum yields were determined by a comparative method. The interactions between the Zn porphyrins and human serum albumin have been studied by means of fluorescence spectra. The experimental results showed that the interaction mechanism involved a combined fluorescence quenching process (static and dynamic quenching) and that the main driving force was hydrophobic in nature. Quenching constants, binding constants, thermodynamic parameters, and binding distances have been determined.

Increased Serotonin Signaling Contributes to the Warburg Effect in Pancreatic Tumor Cells Under Metabolic Stress and Promotes Growth of Pancreatic Tumors in Mice

Jiang, Shu-Heng,Li, Jun,Dong, Fang-Yuan,Yang, Jian-Yu,Liu, De-Jun,Yang, Xiao-Mei,Wang, Ya-Hui,Yang, Min-Wei,Fu, Xue-Liang,Zhang, Xiao-Xin,Li, Qing,Pang, Xiu-Feng,Huo, Yan-Miao,Li, Jiao,Zhang, Jun-Feng Elsevier 2017 Gastroenterology Vol.153 No.1

<P><B>Background & Aims</B></P> <P>Desmoplasia and poor vascularity cause severe metabolic stress in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Serotonin (5-HT) is a neuromodulator with neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine functions that contributes to tumorigenesis. We investigated the role of 5-HT signaling in the growth of pancreatic tumors.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We measured the levels of proteins that regulate 5-HT synthesis, packaging, and degradation in pancreata from Kras<SUP>G12D/+</SUP>/Trp53<SUP>R172H/+</SUP>/Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice, which develop pancreatic tumors, as well as in PDAC cell lines and a tissue microarray containing 81 human PDAC samples. We also analyzed expression levels of proteins involved in 5-HT synthesis and degradation by immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray containing 311 PDAC specimens, and associated expression levels with patient survival times. 5-HT level in 14 matched PDAC tumor and non-tumor tissues were analyzed by ELISA. PDAC cell lines were incubated with 5-HT and cell survival and apoptosis were measured. We analyzed expression of the 5-HT receptor HTR2B in PDAC cells and effects of receptor agonists and antagonists, as well as HTR2B knockdown with small hairpin RNAs. We determined the effects of 5-HT stimulation on gene expression profiles of BxPC-3 cells. Regulation of glycolysis by 5-HT signaling via HTR2B was assessed by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analyses, as well as by determination of the extracellular acid ratio, glucose consumption, and lactate production. Primary PDACs, with or without exposure to SB204741 (a selective antagonist of HTR2B), were grown as xenograft tumors in mice, and SB204741 was administered to tumor-bearing KPC mice; tumor growth and metabolism were measured by imaging analyses.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray of PDAC specimens, increased levels of TPH1 and decreased level of MAOA, which regulate 5-HT synthesis and degradation, correlated with stage and size of PDACs and shorter patient survival time. We found levels of 5-HT to be increased in human PDAC tissues compared with non-tumor pancreatic tissues, and PDAC cell lines compared with non-transformed pancreatic cells. Incubation of PDAC cell lines with 5-HT increased proliferation and prevented apoptosis. Agonists of HTR2B, but not other 5-HT receptors, promoted proliferation and prevented apoptosis of PDAC cells. Knockdown of HTR2B in PDAC cells, or incubation of cells with HTR2B inhibitors, reduced their growth as xenograft tumors in mice. We observed a correlation between 5-HT and glycolytic flux in PDAC cells; levels of metabolic enzymes involved in glycolysis, the phosphate pentose pathway, and hexosamine biosynthesis pathway increased significantly in PDAC cells following 5-HT stimulation. 5-HT stimulation led to formation of the HTR2B–LYN–p85 complex, which increased PI3K–Akt–mTOR signaling and the Warburg effect by increasing protein levels of MYC and HIF1A. Administration of SB204741 to KPC mice slowed growth and metabolism of established pancreatic tumors and prolonged survival of the mice.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Human PDACs have increased levels of 5-HT, and PDAC cells increase expression of its receptor, HTR2B. These increases allow for tumor glycolysis under metabolic stress and promote growth of pancreatic tumors and PDAC xenograft tumors in mice.</P>