ADAPTIVE SLIDING MODE CONTROL OF LATERAL STABILITY OF FOUR WHEEL HUB ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Shou-Tao Li,Hui Liu,Di Zhao,Qiu-Yuan Li,Yantao Tian,De-Jun Wang,Ding-Li Yu 한국자동차공학회 2020 International journal of automotive technology Vol.21 No.3

Some physical parameters of a hub motor-driven four-wheel electric vehicle will change when the vehicle turns or maneuvers and the parameter change is caused by the change of the driving conditions. An adaptive sliding mode control is proposed in this paper to maintain the vehicle’s stability by compensating for the change of these parameters. The control parameter being adapted is the converging rate of the system state towards the sliding mode. As the Lyapunov method is used, so both the vehicle stability and adaptive rate convergence are guaranteed. Moreover, the hierarchical control structure is adopted for this vehicle stability control system. The above adaptive sliding model control forms the upper-layer; while the lower-layer control is to distribute the upper torque to the four wheels in an optimal way, subject to several constraints. In addition, the best feasible reference of the yaw rate and the vehicle side slip angle are obtained and used in the control system. The developed method is simulated under the CarSim/MATLAB co-simulation environment to evaluate the system performance. The simulation results are compared with the non-adaptive existing sliding mode control, and show that the proposed method is superior under different conditions.

Expression and Significance of Twist and E-cadherin in Ovarian Cancer Tissues

Wang, Wen-Shuang,Yu, Shou-Li,Yang, Xing-Sheng,Chang, Shu-De,Hou, Jian-Qing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2

Objective: To investigate the expression of Twist and E-cadherin in ovarian cancer tissues as well as the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in ovarian cancer metastasis. Method: The expressions of Twist and E-cadherin in 54 cases of ovarian cancer and paracancerous tissues were detected by Western blottin g and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We used RNA interference to silence Twist expression in human ovarian cancer cell line, and detected E-cadherin expression using Western blotting. Results: There was an increase in the relative abundance of Twist proteins and a decrease in E-cadherin in ovarian cancer compared with normal ovary tissues (P < 0.05). The expression levels of Twist and E-cadherin mRNA were $1.49{\pm}0.53$ and $0.82{\pm}0.24$ in ovarian cancer, and $1.14{\pm}0.38$ and $1.08{\pm}0.19$ in paracancerous tissues, respectively. The difference between the indicators in ovarian cancer and in paracancerous tissues was statistically significant (P < 0.05). When the Twist expression was silenced in an ovarian cancer cell line, the expression of the E-cadherin protein increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression of Twist is upregulated, whereas that of E-cadherin is downregulated in ovarian cancer. EMT, mediated by Twist, may be correlated with ovarian cancer metastasis.

Prognostic Role of C-reactive Protein in Gastric Cancer: A Meta-analysis

Yu, Qing,Yu, Xiong-Fei,Zhang, Shou-De,Wang, Hao-Hao,Wang, Hai-Yong,Teng, Li-Song Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Background: A number of studies have investigated the association between increased pretreatment serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the prognosis of gastric cancer. However, due to the inconsistent results, whether the serum CRP level can be a prognostic factor in primary gastric cancer remains controversial. Methods: We searched Medline, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant high-quality reports. A meta-analysis was carried out using the included studies to assess the association between pretreatment serum CRP level and overall survival (OS) in patients with gastric cancer. Correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between serum CRP and tumor characteristics such as tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage and recurrence. Results: Twelve reports involving 2,597 patients with gastric cancer were included. Primary meta-analysis indicated a significant association between elevated CRP level and poor OS (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.56-2.00). Subgroup analyses showed no single factor could alter the primary results when we divided the included studies by "number of patients", "max follow-up period", "TNM stage", "treatment" and "cut-off value". Correlation analyses showed that serum CRP level was significantly related to TNM stage (OR 2.96, 95% CI 2.22-3.93) and tumor recurrence (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.21-2.71). Conclusions: We demonstrated that increased pretreatment serum CRP level (${\geq}10mg/L$) was significantly associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients, either in early or advanced stages.

Analysis of Indoleamine 2-3 Dioxygenase (IDO) and EGFR Co-expression in Breast Cancer Tissue by Immunohistochemistry

Bi, Wei-Wei,Zhang, Wei-Hua,Yin, Gui-Hua,Luo, Hong,Wang, Shou-Qin,Wang, Hongran,Li, Chao,Yan, Wei-Qun,Nie, De-Zhi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.14

Background: To determine the amount of co-expression of IDO and EGFR in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods:In order to obtain the distribution of co-expression of IDO and EGFR in breast cancer, we tested 110 breast cancer paraffin tissue blocks with immunohistochemical methods. Then we investigated the relationship between the diagnostic and pathologic characteristics (tumor size, lymph node status, histologic grade, the gene expression of ER, PR, HER2, p53, Ki67 and PCNA) with the situation of co-expression of IDO and EGFR by reviewing the medical records of 32 breast cancer patients. Results: Among 110 breast cancers, 32 cases demonstrated IDO and EGFR co-expression (29.1%), IDO and EGFR synchronous co-expression being found in 19.1% and asynchronous in 10.0%. Conclusions: IDO and EGFR were co-expressed in breast cancer, including synchronous and asynchronous co-expression. The results suggest that considering IDO and EGFR as two indicators for breast cancer treatment or prognosis analysis provides a potential option of individual treatment for the portion of breast cancer patients with co-expression of IDO and EGFR.

Baicalin attenuates adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome by regulating fibrosis procession and inflammatory reaction

Tan Ning,Sun Chen-Xia,Zhu Hui-Jun,Li De-Yu,Huang Sheng-Guang,He Shou-Di 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.9

Background Baicalin has anti-infammatory, antibacterial, blood platelet aggregation-inhibiting, free oxygen radical-clearing, and endotoxin-decreasing properties. However, its molecular mechanism involved in the treatment of Adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome (NS) is still unclear. Objective This study aimed to explore the efects of baicalin on Adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome (NS) and to characterize the genes involved in this progression. Methods We established Adriamycin-induced NS model in 32 rats and used six rats in Sham group. Urinary total protein content and creatinine serum were assessed as physiological indicators. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes. We determined gene expression profles using transcriptome sequencing in the rat kidney tissues from Sham, Adriamycin, and Adriamycin+baicalin groups. KEGG was carried out to analyze the enriched pathways of diferentially expressed genes among these groups. Results Baicalin treatment relieved renal injury in NS rats. Expression of 363 genes was signifcantly diferent between the Adriamycin and Adriamycin+baicalin M groups. Most of the diferentially expressed genes were enriched in pathways involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fbrosis, apoptosis, and infammation. Conclusions Overall, these data suggest that Adriamycin-induced NS can be attenuated by baicalin through the suppression of fbrosis-related genes and infammatory reactions. Baicalin is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of NS, and the identifed genes represent potential therapeutic targets.