Promoting Science and the Integrity of Biomedical Research at Universities: SNUCM as an Example

SHOOK CHRISTOPHER BYRON,이지현,김미경 이화여자대학교 생명의료법연구소 2020 Asia Pacific Journal of Health Law & Ethics Vol.14 No.1

This paper investigates the promotion of biomedical innovation in South Korea through support for research integrity. Using Seoul National University College of Medicine (SNUCM) as a showcase, we observe a relationship between the number publications by Korean researchers, international academic reputational metrics, and best practices in the promotion of research ethics for Korean research environments. Survey data from graduate research ethics education courses across two years suggest that enhancing domestic biomedical research integrity through institutional and governmental regulatory regimes requires additional resources and refinement in select areas. We compare publication data from relevant academic publishing sources with the rate of retraction notices for Korean research amid qualitative and quantitative growth in research output. At the university level, further educational programs on publication practices and reproducible research would support reputational goals alongside academic and applied research applications. In particular, the discussion of these statistics details how to promote reproducible biomedical research in Korean research settings. Defining narrowly biomedical integrity that focuses on research misconduct and human subject protection as a foundation of research ethics education at Seoul National University would further expose researchers to the risks imposed by publication retractions and cumulative effects on Korean academic reputational goals to support innovation.

Broader impacts of improving the industrial energy efficiency through an industrial assessment program: micro and macro perspectives

Phillip Shook,Jun-Ki Choi 대한기계학회 2023 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11

First report of Dryopteris namegatae and reexamination of D. hangchowensis (Dryopteridaceae) from Korea

Lee, Chang Shook,Lee, Kanghyup,Hwang, Youngsim The National Institute of Biological Resources 2013 Journal of species research Vol.2 No.1

One newly recorded species, Dryopteris namegatae, sect. Hirtipedes, was collected in forests in Jeju-do. Dryopteris namegatae (vernacular name: 'Tam-ra-top-ji-ne-go-sa-ri') was distinguished from other Korean congeners of sect. Hirtipedes of the genus Dryopteris by having stiff black scales on stipe and rachis, less narrowed base of lamina, and adaxial surface of pinna immersed along veins. Dryopteris hangchowensis ('Gak-si-top-ji-ne-go-sa-ri', new local name), recorded without any comments and description, was reexamined with similar taxa and was distinguished by smaller plants, brilliant leaves, many prominent fimbriate blackish scales on stipe and rachis, long-pointed apex of lamina and pinna, halfway-lobed pinna, and narrowest pinna. Descriptions and illustrations of the two species and their photographs in the habitat are provided along with a key to the species of sect. Hirtipedes of Dryopteris in Korea.

절개지 사면의 생태환경 복원을 위한 자생식물 조합

이창숙 ( Chang Shook Lee ),서형민 ( Hyoung Min Suh ),김동근 ( Dong Geun Kim ),엄상미 ( Sang Mi Eum ),최선아 ( Sun A Choi ),이남숙 ( Nam Sook Lee ) 한국환경보건기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2009 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.12 No.6

To suggest the native plants combination for restoration of the dissected sloping area, the plant communities of thirty seven quadrats from five localities of mid-southern part of Korean peninsula were surveyed from 2007 to 2008. Their flora, vegetation structure, and dominant species based on the importance value were investigated. And the soil characters (pH, moisture content, water holding capacity, and organic matter) of each dominant species were analyzed. Also, germination tests were performed to check the stability of restored native plants using seed chips. As a result, 79 native plants were suggested for the dissected sloping area: 20 trees and subtrees for the upper layer, 18 shrubs and vines for the middle layer, and 41 herbs for the lower layer, taken together their flora, dominant species, vegetation structure, soil condition, germination test, flowering period.

아동미술 수업에서 ARCS 모델에 기초한 교수법적용 및 효과 검증

이찬숙(Chan Shook Lee),주현경(Hyung Kyung Joo) 한국열린유아교육학회 2014 열린유아교육연구 Vol.19 No.1

본 연구는 ARCS 모델을 아동미술 수업에 적용하여 예비보육교사의 학습동기에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 연구대상은 아동미술 수업을 듣는 보육과 1학년 학생 40명이었다. ARCS 모형 수업을 진행하기 전과 후 학습동기에 대한 사전 사후 검사를 실시하였고, 학기말 수업 성적을 산출하였다. 수업이 끝나면 10회기 반성적 저널을 작성하였다. 연구 도구는 Keller가 제시한 CIS와 최윤용(2008)이 제작한 설문지를 일부 수정보완하여 사용하였고 Hatch(2008)의 질적 분석방법 중 귀납적 분석방법을 사용하였다. 연구결과 첫째, ARCS 모델을 적용한 아동미술 수업은 학생들의 학습동기를 향상시키는 것으로 조사되었다. ARCS의 동기 하위 요인인 주의 집중, 관련성, 자신감, 만족감 영역에서 모두 향상되었다. 둘째, ARCS 모형 적용 후 학습동기와 학업성적 간의 관계는 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 셋째, ARCS 모형 적용 후 반성적 저널을 통해 나타난 학생들의 변화는 미술에 대한 흥미가 생기고, 미술활동을 바라보는 관점의 변화와 활동내용을 연결하고 자기것으로 구성하는 능력에서의 변화가 있었다. The objective of this study is to improve the learning motives of pre-service nursery teachers regarding children`s visual art classes by developing and applying instructional materials based on the ARCS model of motivational design in the field of young children`s visual art class. The subjects of the study consist of freshmen majoring in childcare, who take classes on teaching children`s art. Research methods are based on semester-long lesson plans based on the ARCS model. A preliminary examination is carried out on self-efficacy and learning motivation. Then 11 children`s art classes based on the ARCS model are designed and carried out. Apart from the pre/post examination, midterms and finals week, the classes last for a semester. The ARCS model-based instructional model uses audiovisual materials (picture books and video clips to gain students` attention) to motivate learning, and offers opportunities to explore various art materials. To strengthen relevance to model implements activities involving picture books and video clips. Also, subjects write reflective journals to increase their confidence and satisfaction, and also make portfolios that include all of the art activities. After the classes` completion, the study again carried out post examinations on self-efficacy and motivation. The collected data are analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) WIN 18.0 program. To determine the influence of the ARCS model on pre-service nursery teachers self-efficacy and learning motivation, the study uses repeated measure ANOVA. The study also uses correlation analysis to understand the relationship, after applying ARCS model, among self-efficacy, motivational learning, and academic performance of pre-service nursery teachers. The results of the study are as follows. First, art classes based on the ARCS model increase the learning motivation of pre-service teachers. Also increasing are the sub-factors of learning motivation(e.g., attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction). Second, art classes based on ARCS model increased pre-service teachers` self-efficacy. Third, after the ARCS model was applied, no statistically significant correlation was found between learning motivation and self-efficacy. Such a correlation was found, however, between learning motivation and academic performance.

Ethics in Multi-modal Artificial Intelligence and Hybrid Pathology Systems Development

Christopher B. Shook,김미경 이화여자대학교 생명의료법연구소 2022 Asia Pacific Journal of Health Law & Ethics Vol.15 No.3

This paper explores the development of artificial intelligence systems for pathology research and practice among hospitals and startups. Using examples from South Korea and other countries, we compare the distinctions between settings based on ethical imperatives and competing priorities for innovation. Notably, recent trends in increasingly complex artificial intelligence models compel the revision of prior assumptions about the way the digital pathology artificial intelligence systems are used for innovation. Whereas past approaches to medical technology development using artificial intelligence focused on specific parameters and handcrafted settings, new models are increasingly unsupervised and opaque. In turn, research and practice assisted with these models require a more robust view of the role of clinical judgment in relation to classification systems. As digital pathology in South Korea continues to advance, these new solutions suggest the increasing importance of applying bioethical principles to manage and assess risks inherent in innovation.

소의 히아론산 분해효소(PH-20)의 Pichia pastoris에서의 생산 최적화

신화숙 ( Hwa Shook Shin ),김은기 ( Eun Ki Kim ) 한국화학공학회 2008 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.46 No.4

Black-box Medicine with AI/ML Technology Regulation: Clinical Roles, Relations, and Risks

Christopher B. Shook,김미경 제주대학교 법과정책연구원 2023 국제법무 Vol.15 No.2

This study discusses the issues with black-box medicine, including the challenges or barriers to fostering trust in artificial intelligence systems for their eventual integration, use, and adoption in medical settings. It also explores potential medical liabilities such as legal and ethical issues, which are novel and unresolved in terms of potential errors or harms caused by artificial intelligence diagnoses or treatment recommendations. Finally, these subjects also necessitate a brief examination of changing physician roles, in that black-box algorithms will eventually affect the relationships between patient and physicians when artificial intelligence becomes capable of simulating, assisting, or replacing traditionally human physician tasks. Technological advances in the form of black-box medicine as well as artificial intelligence generally and machine learning continue to affect regulatory frameworks and perceived risks. Regarding the implementation of these tools in medical devices, there is a need for greater clarity to ensure safety for patients while also being responsive to claims of efficacy or utility. Specifically, increasing the explanatory power of these technologies in the course of medical artificial intelligence development also furthers these twin goals. Technology usage for general scientific applications like drug discovery further highlights the potentially pervasive effects of black-box medicine on overall human health. At the same, separate issues arise concerning broader artificial intelligence safety and related areas such as bias far beyond mere medical outcomes. These uncertainties are by no means easily resolved, and they require the careful deliberation of interdisciplinary analysis drawing from legal, medical, and other expert backgrounds. In particular, it is necessary for lawmakers and regulators to be knowledgeable about the clinical impact of these tools as well as their impact on standard industry norms for policy goals . While the rapid development of new artificial intelligence models continues to improve human health, there are ongoing risks involved with regard to the way that decisions are made. Although unsupervised learning from artificial intelligence in medicine presents an opportunity, safety and other issues may mitigate the effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based studies by clinicians in the absence of additional protections. Reassuring patients as well as clinicians about artificial intelligence safety is imperative and promotes debate about the necessity of supporting or replacing clinical judgment in a healthcare context. This tension between human users and the new models as utilized in treatment underscores the idea that these technologies have the potential to either supplant human skills or augment them, depending on the needs of the medical setting. United States and Korean regulations also suggest that at the level of algorithms in black-box medicine, additional scrutiny may be warranted. Concerns about the opaqueness or black-box nature of an algorithm itself also give rise to calls for interpretability and developer awareness. Rapid product improvement with effective safeguards and pre-market approval prompt additional areas of analysis as medicine and other areas of science strive to balance the goal of enhancing medicine with the underlying nature of black-box medicine as algorithms which may not be capable of perfect transparency. In summary, black-box medicine suggests a new challenge in medicine which also begets opportunities. However, it also calls for detailed supervision in policy and practice with sound methodologies both to assure its ethical deployment and to foster trust towards innovative medical technologies.

임부가 지각한 사회적 지지와 산전간호 이행과의 관계

장숙희 順天靑巖大學 1993 論文集-順天靑巖大學 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study was to give a strategy for improving the compliance with prenatal care of pregnant women. So this study was designet to indentify the relation between the perceived social support and the compliance with prenatal care of pregnant women. The subjects for this study were 231 pregnant women registered at 3 general hospitals and 1 obstetric clinic in S city and 1 obstetric clinic in D city. They were in the fifth month of normal pregnant state or after the fifth month and their ages were over 20 years For measuring the perceived social support the Generally perceived social scale developed by Dr. Ji Won Park was used and the compliance with prenatal care scale developed by Mee-Rha Lee and Modified the author was used for measuring the compliance with prenatal care. The data were collected during the period from December 1, 1993 to December 20, 1993. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation coefficients, t-test, NOVA. The SAS Program was used. The result of this study can be summariged as follows : 1. The mean score for the perceived social support scale was 154,41. 2. The mean score of the compliance with prenatal care scale was 92.07 the range of the scores was 62 to 130. 3. General characteristics and the perceived social support were statistically no significant Among obstetric characteristics, the experience of abortion (F=5.67, p<0.01), the frequency of pregnancy (F=3.61, p<0.05) the frequency of compliance with prenatal care (F=8.78, p<0.001) were statistically significant with the perceived social support. 4. Among general and obstetric characteristics the level of education(F=3.61, p<0.05), family structure(F=4.38, p<0.05), the frequency of the compliance with prenatal care (F=8.78, p<0.001) were statistically significant with the compliance with prenatal care. 5. The relationship between the perceived social support and the complince with prenatal care of pregnnt women showed a relatively low significant correlation(r=0.34, p<0.0001).

한국산 관중과(Dryopteridaceae)의 계통분류학적 연구

이창숙,김성민,오용자 성신여자대학교 기초과학연구소 1993 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.10 No.-

본 연구는 Dryopteroid fern의 과와 속의 위치를 정하고자 한국산 dryopterooid fern 4속 13종을 대상으로 외부형태와 내부형태학적 특징을 비교조사하였다. 관찰된 특징으로는 잎자루 우편에 있는 비늘조각의 모양과 크기, 잎몸과 우편의 모양, 소우편의 배열상태, 홈의 연결상태, 잎맥의 분지모양, 포막의 모양과 크기, 잎의 표피형과 중축과 잎자루 중심주의 모양등을 조사하였다. 관찰결과 dryopteroid fern은 중축에 홈이 있으며, 비늘조각의 가장자리는 거의 밋밋하고, 잎자루의 분주수가 3-7개이고, 포막이 신장형이거나 둥근 방패형이고 가장자리가 밋밋하다는 점이 aspidioid fern, onocleoid fern, athyroid fern, thelypteroid fern과 다르므로 dryopteroid fern을 면마과에서 독립시켜 Dryopteridaceae(관중과)로 하고 이에 한국에 분포하는 4속 즉 Polystichum, Cyrtomium, Rumohra와 Dryopteris을 소속시켰다. The present study was carried out to investigate some taxonomic problems such as the delimiation of intrafamilial groups and good diagnostic characters. The external and internal morphological characters such as shape of scale in stipe and pinna, shape of pinna and lamina, arrangement of pinnule, groove type, leaf venation, shape of indusium, epidermal patterns and shape of stele were observed about thirteen species belong to four genera of the Korean dryopteroid ferns. As the result, the Korean dryopteroid ferns can be seperated from Aspidiaceae, because the dryopteroid fern has grooved rachis, almost entire scale, three to seven meristeles, reniform or peltate indusium. The Korean Dryopteridacaceae include 4 genera(Polystichum, Cyrtomium, Rumohra and Dryopteris).