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Thyroid Cytology in India: Contemporary Review and Meta-analysis
Shipra Agarwal,Deepali Jain 대한병리학회 2017 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.51 No.6
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a screening test for triaging thyroid nodules, aiding in subsequent clinical management. However, the advantages have been overshadowed by the multiplicity of reporting systems and a wide range of nomenclature used. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) was formulated in 2007, to give the world a uniform thyroid cytology reporting system, facilitating easy interpretation by the clinicians. Here, we review the status of thyroid FNAC in India in terms of various reporting systems used including a meta-analysis of the previously published data. An extensive literature search was performed using internet search engines. The reports with detailed classification system used in thyroid cytology were included. The meta-analysis of published data was compared with the implied risk of malignancy by TBSRTC. More than 50 studies were retrieved and evaluated. TBSRTC is currently the most widely used reporting system with different studies showing good efficacy and interobserver concordance. Ancillary techniques have, as of now, limited applicability and acceptability in thyroid cytology in India. Twenty-eight published articles met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. When compared with TBSRTC recommendations, the meta-analysis showed a higher risk of malignancy for categories I and III. Thyroid FNAC is practiced all over India. TBSRTC has found widespread acceptance, with most institutions using this system for routine thyroid cytology reporting. However, reasons for a high malignancy risk for categories I and III need to be looked into. Various possible contributing factors are discussed in the review.
Shipra Kumari,민기하,KANTH BASHISTHA KUMAR,장의경,백승필 한국생물공학회 2020 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.25 No.5
Biogenic TiO2 diatoms can be prepared by metabolic incorporation of TiO2 on the frustule surface of the diatoms. To utilize the photo-catalytic activity of biogenic TiO2 for practical applications, high production of TiO2- deposited diatoms is required. Here, we evaluated the growth rate and biogenic TiO2 production of several domestic diatom species. Among the tested diatoms, Caloneis schroederi (CS) showed high biomass production (4.01 g/L) in a twostage cultivation system and proper exoskeletal rigidity for efficient production of biogenic TiO2. The dry weight of the TiO2-deposited CS frustules (biogenic CS-TiO2) was 4.52 g/L. Biogenic CS-TiO2 showed significant photocatalytic degradation of Congo Red in water with an efficiency of 27.8%, which is higher than that of standard TiO2 (17.4%). In addition, chloroform could be removed from water through the photo-catalytic activity of biogenic CS-TiO2 (91%). Therefore, the biogenic CS-TiO2 developed in this study can be employed for the treatment of pollutantcontaminated wastewater.
US Consumers’ Perceptions of Garments Inspired by Indonesian Culture
Shipra Gupta,Nancy J,Miller 한국마케팅과학회 2010 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.1 No.2
It is evident that there has been increase in integration of global economies as trade barriers were lifted in 2005 resulting in free trade. After agriculture, marketing of hand-produced, cultural products constitutes the second most important source of income in less developed countries of the world. The objectives of this study were to examine US consumers’ perceptions of garments that were culturally inspired by a specific sending culture to better understand the following: (1) perceptions of garment familiarity and garment complexity; (2) the relationship between perceived familiarity and garment adoption/acceptance; (3) the relationship between perceived familiarity and garment adoption/acceptance; (4) acceptance for garments culturally inspired by consumers’ cultural setting or geographic location; (5) acceptance for garments culturally inspired among the different age groups ; and (6) delineation of US consumers’ cultural creativity. To accomplish this endeavor an instrument, developed for measuring consumers’ responses to design characteristics, was tested on US female consumers from five areas of the country and in two age categories. The instrument developed integrated visual stimuli of garments with Likert-type scales and provided consumer data for conducting basic research. Garment attributes included three styles, two color ways, and two fabric print (3 x 2 x 2) =12 garments. The analyses were exploratory in that concepts and relationships were evaluated in a non-causal approach to provide a basis for further research. Generalizatibility was addressed through analysis of multiple consumer groups; however the fashion aspects of the stimuli prevent broad-spectrum application. This study focuses on garments that are culturally inspired by Indonesia as the sending culture. Indonesia is a country with strong textile dyeing and printing traditions. Indonesia is open to westernized silhouettes and it is also an important global source for textiles and clothing production. The Indonesian textile and clothing industry is vertically integrated, encompassing almost every stage of production and contributes significantly to the country’s economy. Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation theory provides a foundation for examining issues that inhibit or encourage the adoption of ideas, products, or technologies as they are introduced to individuals or groups of people. Within Roger’s model is a five stage innovation-decision process. This research is concerned with the persuasion stage where the individual forms a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward the innovation. The persuasion stage provided a foundation for examining relationships between familiarity, complexity, and acceptance of Indonesian inspired garments. The two persuasion characteristics of interest were compatibility and complexity of Indonesian inspired products for US consumers. Compatibility reflects how well an innovation is perceived to match existing social norms, needs, and expectations. Complexity concerns how difficult the innovation is perceived as to understand. Diffusion of Innovation is a generic adoption model for innovative ideas and products and was therefore somewhatrestrictive for applications to fashion product adoption. Sproles’Fashion Adoption Theory was thus also employed to understand the concepts of familiarity, complexity and acceptance in the context of women’s apparel attitudes of garment color, fabric print, and style. Also examined in this research were the differences in US consumer responses based on geographic location, age, and cultural creativity. Social influences, socioeconomic characteristics and behavioral norms fluctuate across the North American continent. Subnations are said to exist that define eight differing regions of the US and hold distinguishable characteristics. This research examined the following five subnations and their general US region.
Remote Login Authentication Scheme based on Bilinear Pairing and Fingerprint
( Shipra Kumari ),( Hari Om ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.12
The bilinear pairing, also known as Weil pairing or Tate pairing, is widely used in cryptography and its properties help to construct cryptographic schemes for different applications in which the security of the transmitted data is a major concern. In remote login authentication schemes, there are two major requirements: i) proving the identity of a user and the server for legitimacy without exposing their private keys and ii) freedom for a user to choose and change his password (private key) efficiently. Most of the existing methods based on the bilinear property have some security breaches due to the lack of features and the design issues. In this paper, we develop a new scheme using the bilinear property of an elliptic point and the biometric characteristics. Our method provides many features along with three major goals. a) Checking the correctness of the password before sending the authentication message, which prevents the wastage of communication cost; b) Efficient password change phase in which the user is asked to give a new password after checking the correctness of the current password without involving the server; c) User anonymity - enforcing the suitability of our scheme for applications in which a user does not want to disclose his identity. We use BAN logic to ensure the mutual authentication and session key agreement properties. The paper provides informal security analysis to illustrate that our scheme resists all the security attacks. Furthermore, we use the AVISPA tool for formal security verification of our scheme.
Shipra Gupta,Suman B. Sharma,Usha R. Singh,Surendra K. Bansal,Krishna M. Prabhu 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.3
Cassia auriculata traditionally has been used to treat diabetes from ancient times. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of action for the antidiabetic activity of aqueous leaf extract of C. auriculata (CLEt) in streptozotocin-induced mildly diabetic (MD) and severely diabetic (SD) rats. CLEt was orally administered to MD and SD rats at a dose of 400mg/kg once a day for 15 days. CLEt-treated MD and SD rats showed significant reduction in fasting blood glucose. Assessment of plasma insulin and C-peptide following treatment with CLEt revealed significant elevation in their levels. Administration of CLEt enhanced the activity of hepatic hexokinase and phosphofructokinase and suppressed glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in both MD and SD rats. A significant rise in glycogen content was also observed in both liver and muscles of CLEt-fed MD and SD rats. Histopathological examination of pancreatic sections revealed increased number of islets and β-cells in CLEt-treated MD as well as SD rats. The findings of the study suggest that the antidiabetic effect of CLEt could be due to its insulinogenic action. In addition, impaired glucose homeostasis was improved by feeding the extract through amelioration in the carbohydrate metabolic pathways. Thus, the extract may exert an antidiabetic effect through pancreatic as well as extrapancreatic action.