Buyer's EOQ model for deteriorating products under conditions of permissible delay in payments and quantity discounts for freight cost

Shinn,Seong-Whan,Song Chang-Yong 대한안전경영과학회 2002 대한안전경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.1

Sorting Nexin 9 Interacts with Dynamin 1 and N-WASP and Coordinates Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis

Shin, N.,Lee, S.,Ahn, N.,Kim, S.-A.,Ahn, S.-G.,YongPark, Z.,Chang, S. The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecula 2007 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.282 No.39

Ionic liquid-mediated deoxydehydration reactions: Green synthetic process for bio-based adipic acid

Shin, N.,Kwon, S.,Moon, S.,Hong, C.H.,Kim, Y.G. Pergamon Press 2017 Tetrahedron Vol.73 No.32

A novel recyclable Re-catalyzed deoxydehydration (DODH) reaction was developed with an ionic liquid (IL) as a reaction medium for an efficient synthesis of adipic acid (1), one of the commercially important dicarboxylic acids, from biomass galactaric acid. The carefully designed solubility of ILs allowed a homogeneous DODH reaction to produce muconate 3 in excellent yields, a key intermediate for 1. Use of the IL also enabled an efficient separation of the DODH product 3 from the reaction mixture by simple decantation. The recovered IL layer containing the expensive Re catalyst was reused up to four times, yielding 3 without much decrease in yields. The target compound 1 was also produced in an excellent yield with the catalytic hydrogenation of 3 followed by the acidic hydrolysis. Thus, the overall process for bio-based adipic acid would become much more cost-effective, eco-friendly, and industrially viable, which could be applied to various biomass conversions.

Sodium Permeability of a Cloned Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel

Shin, N.,Soh, H.,Chang, S.,Kim, D.H.,Park, C.S. Biophysical Society ; Published for the Biophysica 2005 Biophysical journal Vol.89 No.5

Small-conductance Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-activated potassium channels (SK<SUB>Ca</SUB> channels) are heteromeric complexes of pore-forming main subunits and constitutively bound calmodulin. SK<SUB>Ca</SUB> channels in neuronal cells are activated by intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> that increases during action potentials, and their ionic currents have been considered to underlie neuronal afterhyperpolarization. However, the ion selectivity of neuronal SK<SUB>Ca</SUB> channels has not been rigorously investigated. In this study, we determined the monovalent cation selectivity of a cloned rat SK<SUB>Ca</SUB> channel, rSK2, using heterologous expression and electrophysiological measurements. When extracellular K<SUP>+</SUP> was replaced isotonically with Na<SUP>+</SUP>, ionic currents through rSK2 reversed at significantly more depolarized membrane potentials than the value expected for a Nernstian relationship for K<SUP>+</SUP>. We then determined the relative permeability of rSK2 for monovalent cations and compared them with those of the intermediate- and large-conductance Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-activated K<SUP>+</SUP> channels, IK<SUB>Ca</SUB> and BK<SUB>Ca</SUB> channels. The relative permeability of the rSK2 channel was determined as K<SUP>+</SUP>(1.0)>Rb<SUP>+</SUP>(0.80)>NH<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>(0.19)~Cs<SUP>+</SUP>(0.19)>Li<SUP>+</SUP>(0.14)>Na<SUP>+</SUP>(0.12), indicating substantial permeability of small ions through the channel. Although a mutation near the selectivity filter mimicking other K<SUP>+</SUP>-selective channels influenced the size-selectivity for permeant ions, Na<SUP>+</SUP> permeability of rSK2 channels was still retained. Since the reversal potential of endogenous SK<SUB>Ca</SUB> current is determined by Na<SUP>+</SUP> permeability in a physiological ionic environment, the ion selectivity of native SK<SUB>Ca</SUB> channels should be reinvestigated and their in vivo roles may need to be restated.

주요우울증과 세로토닌수송단백질 유전자의 다형성

임신원,손성은,김도관,김이영 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.1

연구목적 : 세로토닌 수송단백질(serotonin transporter, 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter, 5-HTT)은 세로토닌계에서 이루어지는 신경전달을 시냅스전 신경세포로 재흡수함으로써 종결시키는 데 중요한 역할을 하고, 삼환계 항우울제나 선택적인 세로토닌 재흡수 차단제의 주요 항우울제의 작용 개시 부위로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 5-HTT 유전자와 주요 우울증 간의 관련성을 알아보고 이 유전자의 유전자형 특성이 항우울제에 대한 반응정도와 관련이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 142명의 우울증 환자들(주요 우울증과 기분 저하증 환자)과 성별, 나이와 대응시킨 252명의 정상 성인들로 모두 한국인을 대상으로 하였다. 약물에 대한 반응 정도를 평가하기 위하여 5-HTT에 작용하는 항우울제를 투여하기 전 우울증상의 정도와 투여 후 6주 이상이 지난 후의 우울증상의 정도를 17 항목의 Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HDRS)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 5-HTT 유전자 다형성은 genomic DNA의 2번째 intron과 조절부위(promoter region)를 PCR 증폭함으로 분석하였고, sequencing하여 염기서열의 copy 수를 확인하였다. 결 과 : Allele의 빈도는 정상 성인군과 환자군 간에서 차이점을 발견할 수 없었다(STin 2.12, 90.5% vs, 89.9% ; 14-copy 5-HTTLPR, 74.8% vs. 75.2%). 항우울제에 대해 반응을 보이는 군이 반응을 보이지 않는 군보다 intron2 부위의 12 copy allele과 promoter 부위의 14 copy allele과 통계적으로 유의한 관련성을 보였다.(각각 p<0.0001, p=0.0028, by Fisher exact test). 결 론 : 이러한 결과는 5-HTT 유전자 다형성이 주요 우울증에 대한 취약성과의 관련성보다는, 항우울제에 대한 반응성이 5-HTT 유전자 변화와 관련이 있음을 나타낸다. Objectives : Serotonin transporter(5-hydroxytrytamine transporter, 5-HTT) plays a critical role in the termination of serotonergic neurotransmission into the presynaptic neuron and represents an initial site of uptake inhibiting antidepressants, including tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. We investigated the possible association between the 5-HTT gene and major depression, and examined whether there are genotypic characteristics in 5-HTT gene that result in treatment nonresponsiveness to uptake inhibiting antidepressants. Methods : 5-HTT gene polymorphisms are analyzed with the primers flanking the second intron and regulatory region from genomic DNA. We genotyped 142 patients with major depression and dysthymia, and 252 age and sex matched normal subjects. All individuals were Korean. Results : We found no significant differences in the allele frequency(2nd intron, p=0.941 ; promoter, p=0.122) between patients and controls. However, in association studies between antidepressant responsiveness in depressive patients and allele frequencies of 5-HTT gene polymorphism in intron2 and promoter regions, there was shown significant differences in both (p<0.0001, p=0.0028, respectively by Fisher exact test). Conclusions : These results suggest that there is no major effect of 5-HTT gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to major depressions, while antidepressant nonresponding is related with genotypic alteration in 5-HTT gene.

기분 장애 환자에서 나타나는 불특정 CAG 삼핵산 반복서열의 확장

손성은,임신원,이소영,황혜진,진동규,박정의,김도관,김이영 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적: 기분장애는 그 원인과 발생기전은 아직 밝혀져 있지 않고 있지만, 과거부터 유전적 요인이 질병의 발생과 중요한 연관성을 가지고 있다고 알려져 있다. 특히 양극성 정동장애는 가족력이 있는 경우에 발병될 가능성이 높고, 같은 가족 내에서 발생했을 때 세대가 내려감에 따라서 발병시기가 점차 빨라지며 증세가 심해지는 경향이 있어서 그 유전적 배경에 대해 많은 의문이 있어 왔다. 연구자들은 다양한 증상의 기분장애 환자들의 DNA에서 불특정 CAG 삼핵산 반복(trinucleotide repeat. TNR) 정도를 분석함으로써 TNR 확장이 기분장애의 유전과 관련되는지 살펴보았다. 방법: 환자 군은 DSM-Ⅲ-R 진단기준에 의거하여 양극성 정동장애(N=55), 주요우울장애(N=67) 환자들을 선발하였다. 정상인(N=89)은 정신과적 병력이 없고 다면성 인성검사상 정상의 profile을 나타내는 병원 종사자, 학생 및 건강의학센타 방문자들 중 선발하였다. TNR의 확장은 genomic DNA를 순수분리한 후, (CTG)₁□의 oligonucleotide를 □-□□P-ATP로 방사선 표지하여 반복서열 확장 탐지법(repeat expansion detection)으로 측정하였다. 집단간의 비교를 위해 Mann-Whitney U 검증을 실시하였다. 결과: DNA에서 관찰되는 불특정 CAG 삼핵산 반복 길이의 평균은 양극성 정동장애에서 169.8bp(S.D=58.6), 주요우울장애에서 167.5bp(S.D=63.9)로서 대조군 178.7bp(S.D=56.5)과 비교하였을 때 유의미한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 각각의 환자군을 가족력이 있는 군과 없는 환자군으로 나누어 대조군과 비교하였을 때도 유의미한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 불특정 CAG 삼핵산 반복서열 확장이 양극성 정동장애 환자와 주요우울장애 환자들의 유전 양식에 영향을 미친다는 가설을 뒷받침하지 않는다. Objectives: The genetic facotrs have been suggested for the etiology of mood disorders but the mode of inheritance is complex. Increased severity and an earlier onset of the bipolar and major depressive disorder over generations within families(Anticipation) were reported. In order to test the hypothesis that trinucleotide repeat expansions underlie the genetic basis of Bipolar and major depressive disorders, we have analyzed the extent of CAG reapeats in genomic DNA from mood disorder patients. Methods: 55 bipolar disorder, 67 major depressive disorder patients were recruited accord-ing to the DSM-Ⅲ-R criteria. 89 normal controls were recruited from the medical personnel, students and the visitors to the health services center who had no history of psychiatric illness and show normal profile of MMPI. The genomic DNA of patients and controls was analyzed by use of the (CTG)□ oligonucleotide and the repeat expansion detection(RED) method. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the distribution of the number of CAG repeats among the groups. Results: when the bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder patients were compared with the control group, no significant differences were observed. Conclusions: Our results do not support the hypothesis that expanding CAG repeats are causing the observed genetic anticipation in bipolar disorders and major depressive disorders.

정신분열병 환자의 KCNN3 유전자에서 나타나는 삼핵산 반복서열

김도관,임신원,고효정,서민영,손성은,이소영,황혜진,진동규,김병로 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.5

연구목적 : 연구자들은 NMDA 수용체의 channel protein 합성에 관여하는 KCNN3 유전자에서 나타나는 삼핵산 반복서열(triple nucleotide repeat, TNR) 확장이 과연 정신분열병의 발병에 기여하는지를 최근 개발된 TNR copy 수를 정량화 함으로써 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 연구대상은 정신과 외래 및 입원 환자 중 정신분열병 환자 245명과 건강 의학센타를 방문한 정상 성인 116명을 각각 선발하였다. 정신분열병 환자들이 정상인에 비하여 불특정 CAG 삼핵산 반복 서열 확장에 차이가 나는지 repeat expansion detection(RED) 방법을 확인한 다음, 그것이 KCNN3이나 CTG18.1 유전자의 CAG 반복서열 증가에 의한 영향인지 분석하였다. 그리고 untranslated region에서 TNR 증가를 불특정하게 일으킬 수 있는 ERDA1의 CAG 삼핵산 반복서열의 영향을 검증함으로써 KCNN3나 CTG18.1 유전자가 정신분열병의 발병에 기여하는 바를 평가하였다. 결 과 : 정신분열병 환자는 정상인에 비하여 KCNN3 유전자 부위에서 TNR 확장이 현저한 longer allele이 빈번하게 관찰되었다. 즉, KCNN3 유전자 부위에서 CAG 삼핵산 반복이 19번 이상 확장되는 염색체가 신분열병 환자군에서는 73.3% 발견되는 데 비해서 정상인군에서는 65.1% 발견되어 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.029, Fisher's exact test). 이러한 차이는 가족력이 있는 정신분열병 환자군(79.7%)에서 가족력이 없는 환자군(70.8%)보다 더욱 현저하게 관찰되었다(p=0.003, Fisher's exact test). 음성형과 양성형 정신분열병 환자군 간에서의 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. CTG18.1 유전자 부위의 TNR 확장이나 불특정 부위 염색체 전체에서의 TNR 확장은 환자군과 정상 대조군 간에 차이가 없었다. 환자군과 대조군 모두에서 불특정 TNR 확장은 ERDA1의 전사와 유의하게 관련성이 있었다(각각 r=0.45, p<0.001 ; r=0.44, p<0.001). 하지만 KCNN3 유전자 부위에서 TNR 확장은 ERDA1 score와 유의한 관련성을 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과는 KCNN3 유전자가 한국인 정신분열병의, 특히 가족력이 있는 정신분열병의, 발병에 관여할 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 ERDA1 전사는 불특정 TNR 확장의 원인으로 작용한다는 가설을 뒷받침한다. Objects : We investigated a possible association between the polymophic trinucleotide repeat(TNR) expansion in neuronal potassium channel gene KCNN3 and schizophrenia. Methods : CAG/CTG repeat distribution in KCNN3, CTG8.1 and ERDA1 was examined and the copy number of ligation product in repeat expansion detection(RED) was measured in Korean patients with schizophrenia(n=245) and ethnically matched healthy controls(n=116). Results : Longer alleles in the KCNN3 gene were over-represented in patients. The frequency of alleles with CAG repeats longer than 19 copy in the KCNN3 gene was higher in the patients with schizophrenia as compared to controls(73.3% vs 65.1% ; p=0.029, Fisher's exact test). And this difference was more prominent in schizophrenic patients with familial background(p=0.03, Fisher's exact test). We found no difference in the frequency of longer alleles between negative and positive subtypes of schizophrenia. Ligation product size in RED and alleles with CAG repeat number in the CTG18.1 gene was not increased in the patients. The copy number of ligation product in RED was highly correlated with CAG/CTG copies if ERDA1 in the patient group(r=0.45, p<0.001) as well as in the control group(r=0.44, p=<0.001). However, CAG repeat length in the KCNN3 gene was not correlated with ERDA1 score. Conclusions : Our results support the hypothesis that the longer allele of KCNN3 may be considered as a candidate gene for schizophrenia, especially in the case with familial background. And the RED assay results was affected by the CAG copy number of ERDA1.

AKARI near-infrared spectra toward shock-cloud interaction regions of two supernova remnants HB21 and IC443

Shinn, Jong-Ho,Koo, Bon-Chul,Lee, Ho-Gyu 한국우주과학회 2009 한국우주과학회보 Vol.18 No.1

ORTHO-TO-PARA RATIO STUDIES OF SHOCKED H₂GAS IN THE TWO SUPERNOVA REMNANTS IC 443 AND HB 21

Shinn, Jong-Ho,Lee, Ho-Gyu,Moon, Dae-Sik IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.759 No.1

<P>We present near-infrared (2.5-5.0 mu m) spectral studies of shocked H-2 gas in two supernova remnants, IC 443 and HB 21, which are well known for their interactions with nearby molecular clouds. The observations were performed with the Infrared Camera aboard the AKARI satellite. At the energy range 7000 K less than or similar to E(upsilon, J) less than or similar to 20,000 K, the shocked H-2 gas in IC 443 shows an ortho-to-para ratio (OPR) of 2.4(-0.2)(+0.3), which is significantly lower than the equilibrium value 3, suggesting the existence of non-equilibrium OPR. The shocked gas in HB 21 also indicates a potential non-equilibrium OPR in the range of 1.8-2.0. The level populations are well described by the power-law thermal admixture model with a single OPR, where the temperature integration range is 1000-4000 K. We conclude that the obtained non-equilibrium OPR probably originates from the reformed H-2 gas of dissociative J-shocks, considering several factors such as the shock combination requirement, the line ratios, and the possibility that H-2 gas can form on grains with a non-equilibrium OPR. We also investigate C-shocks and partially dissociative J-shocks as the origin of the non-equilibrium OPR. However, we find that they are incompatible with the observed ionic emission lines for which dissociative J-shocks are required to explain. The difference in the collision energy of H atoms on grain surfaces would give rise to the observed difference between the OPRs of IC 443 and HB 21, if dissociative J-shocks are responsible for the H-2 emission. Our study suggests that dissociative J-shocks can produce shocked H-2 gas with a non-equilibrium OPR.</P>

Far-Ultraviolet Characteristics of Lupus Loop Region Observed with FIMS

Shinn Jong-Ho,Seon Kwang-Il,Min Kyoung Wook,Edelstein Jerry,Han Won-Yong,Korpela Eric,Nishikida Kaori,Adolfo Joe,Kregenow Julia,Feuerstein Michael,Ryu Kwang-Sun,Lee Dae-Hee,Kim Il-Jung,Uk-Won Nam,Jang 한국우주과학회 2005 한국우주과학회보 Vol.14 No.1