Serotonin and Mental Disorders: A Concise Review on Molecular Neuroimaging Evidence

Shih-Hsien Lin,Lan-Ting Lee,Yen Kuang Yang 대한정신약물학회 2014 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.12 No.3

Serotonin is one of the most important neurotransmitters influencing mental health and, thus, is a potential target for pharmacologicaltreatments. Functional neuroimaging techniques, such as positron-emission tomography (PET) and single photon emissioncomputed tomography (SPECT), could provide persuasive evidence for the association between mental disorders and serotonin. In this concise review, we focus on evidence of the links between serotonin and major depressive disorders, as well as othermood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, addiction, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism.

Background, Rationale, and Nature of Biden Administration’s Strategic Ambiguity towards Taiwan

( Shih-kai Lin ),( Hung-chang Chung ) 한국국방연구원 2022 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.34 No.2

The Biden administration has in general been operating both “strategic ambiguity” and “strategic clarity,” prompting the question: Is the United States being strategically ambiguous or strategically clear towards Taiwan? This paper believes the discussion should start with the clarification of “U.S. policy regarding Taiwan.” However, U.S. policy towards Taiwan involves the highly sensitive One-China policy. Thus, the United States will evaluate its “core interest” in relation to China when dealing with the One-China policy, as mishandling it may trigger a war between the United States and China or the rest of the world. This is the reason why the United States must devise its Taiwan policy at a macro-level and cautious manner.

Prescription Patterns for Bipolar Disorder in Asian Countries: Findings from Research on Asian Prescription Pattern-Bipolar Disorder

Shih-Ku Lin,Shu-Yu Yang,Seon-Cheol Park,Ok-Jin Jang,Xiaomin Zhu,Yu-Tao Xiang,Wen-Chen Ouyang,Afzal Javed,M. Nasar Sayeed Khan,Sandeep Grover,Ajit Avasthi,Roy Abraham Kallivayalil,Kok Yoon Chee,Norliza 대한정신약물학회 2022 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.20 No.1

Objective: Pharmacotherapy including mood stabilizers and antipsychotics are frequently used in bipolar disorder (BD); however, the lack of consensus regarding the definition of polypharmacy hinders conducting comparative studies across different settings and countries. Research on Asian Prescription Pattern (REAP) is the largest and the longest lasting international collaborative research in psychiatry in Asia. The objective of REAP BD was to investigate the prescription patterns of psychotropic medications across Asian countries. The rates of polypharmacy and psychotropic drug load were also analyzed. Methods: The data collection was web-based. Prescription patterns were categorized as (1) mood stabilizer monotherapy: one mood stabilizer; (2) antipsychotic monotherapy: one antipsychotic; (3) simple polypharmacy: one mood stabilizer and one antipsychotic; and (4) complex polypharmacy: ≥ 2 mood stabilizers or/and antipsychotics. The psychotropic drug load in each patient was calculated using the defined daily dose method. Results: Among 2003 patients with BD (52.1% female, 42.4 years) from 12 countries, 1,619 (80.8%) patients received mood stabilizers, 1,644 (82.14%) received antipsychotics, and 424 (21.2%) received antidepressants, with 14.7% mood stabilizer monotherapy, 13.4% antipsychotic monotherapy, 48.9% simple polypharmacy, 20.3% complex polypharmacy, and 2.6% other therapy. The average psychotropic drug load was 2.05 ± 1.40. Results varied widely between countries. Conclusion: Over 70% of psychotropic regimens involved polypharmacy, which accords with the high prevalence of polypharmacy in BD under a permissive criterion (2 or more core psychotropic drugs) worldwide. Notably, ≥ 80% of our sample received antipsychotics, which may indicate an increasing trend in antipsychotic use for BD treatment.

Radiation by Wave Packets

Shih-Yuin Lin 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.45 No.1

We calculate the energy radiated by Lorentz electrons accelerated in uniform electromagnetic elds up to O(~). The quantum state for the Lorentz electron is chosen to be some wave packet with the expectation value of the position identical to the classical trajectory. We nd that the quantum correction includes two parts: the radiative dissipation to the background, which depends on the conguration of the wave packet, and the absorption from the background uctuation, which is proportional to the background eld strength. In the case of an electron linearly accelerated in a uniform electric eld, the absorption vanishes. Hence one cannot see the trace of the Unruh radiation by observing the radiation emitted by the uniformly accelerated wave packets.

Review : A Practical Approach to Genetic Hypokalemia

( Shih Hua Lin ),( Sung Sen Yang ),( Tom Chau ) 대한전해질학회(구 대한전해질,혈압학회) 2010 Electrolytes & Blood Pressure Vol.8 No.1

Mutations in genes encoding ion channels, transporters, exchangers, and pumps in human tissues have been increasingly reported to cause hypokalemia. Assessment of history and blood pressure as well as the K+ excretion rate and blood acid-base status can help differentiate between acquired and inherited causes of hypokalemia. Familial periodic paralysis, Andersen`s syndrome, congenital chloride-losing diarrhea, and cystic fibrosis are genetic causes of hypokalemia with Low urine K+ excretion. With respect to a high rate of K+excretion associated with faster Na+ disorders (mineralocorticoid excess states), glucoricoid-remediable aldosteronism and congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to either 11β-hydroxylase and 17α-hydroxylase deficiencies in the adrenal gland, and Liddle`s syndrome and apparent mineralocorticoid excess in the kidney form the genetic causes. Among slow Cl- disorders (normal blood pressure, Low extracellular fluid volume), Bartter`s and Gitelman`s syndrome are most common with hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. Renal tubular acidosis caused by mutations in the basolateral Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (NBC1) in the proximal tubules, apical H+-ATPase pump, and basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (anion exchanger 1, AE1) in the distal tubules and carbonic anhydroase II in both are genetic causes with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Further work on genetic causes of hypokalemia will not only provide a much better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, but also set the stage for development of novel therapies in the future.

Inheritance of Resistance to Anthracnose in Chilli Pepper

Shih-Wen Lin,Paul A. Gniffke,Tien-Chen Wang 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

FEM ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENT VALIDATION ON MULTI-PASS FORGING OF TORX ROUND FLANGE BOLT

Shih-Hsien Lin,Dyi-Cheng Chen,Un-Chin Chai,Gow-Yi Tzou 한국자동차공학회 2020 International journal of automotive technology Vol.21 No.5

This study aims at exploring the multi-pass forging of Torx Round Flange Bolt (automotive fastener) to simulate each pass forging process using FEM simulation. The software is used to carry out the simulation analysis. Constant shear friction is always assumed at the interface between die and workpiece to explore the effective stress, the effective strain, the velocity filed, and the forging force for each pass. Through the pass schedule plan and design based on FEM analysis, the four-pass forging process is designed to form the Torx Round Flange Bolt compared the five-pass forging. It is noted that the total forging force is 1204kN, so the 200 tons machinery in the factory can be chosen to manufacture this automotive fastener. The die stress analysis for each pass has been explored to realize whether the dies are damaged or not. The forming feasibility of Torx Round Flange Bolt can be performed by FEM simulation. All dies designs and forming results can be proposed to the dies manufacture so as to perform the realistic experiments. Comparisons between FEM and experiment for final product dimensions can be carried out. The maximum dimension error is just around 3.32% to show a good agreement with the experiment. The research results can provide to the industries as the references of establishment of multi-pass forging technology.

Positive Symptoms in Antipsychotic-naïve Schizophrenia are Associated with Increased Body Mass Index after Treatment

Shih-Hsien Lin,Huai-Hsuan Tseng,Hsin Chun Tsai,Mei Hung Chi,I Hui Lee,Po See Chen,Kao Chin Chen,Yen Kuang Yang 대한정신약물학회 2021 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.19 No.1

Objective: Weight gain is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality among patients with schizophrenia. We speculated that positive symptoms, related to dopaminergic hyperactivity and altered mesolimbic function, are associated with weight gain. Methods: Twenty-two antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode patients with schizophrenia were enrolled. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was completed at enrollment and follow-up. Body mass index (BMI) was also measured. Results: The increase in BMI, after 6.04 ± 2.16 years of follow-up, was associated with positive symptoms, but not negative symptoms, before treatment with antipsychotics in antipsychotic-naïve patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion: This finding implied that dopaminergic hyperactivity could be an important factor to predict the treatment outcome. Body weight control is important for the health management of patients with schizophrenia with more severe positive symptoms.

Formation of Solid-Solution Cu-to-Cu Joints Using Ga Solder and Pt under Bump Metallurgy for Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits

Shih-kang Lin,Hao-miao Chang,Cheng-liang Cho,Yu-chen Liu,Yi-kai Kuo 대한금속·재료학회 2015 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.11 No.4

Three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits (ICs) are the most important packaging technology for next-generation semiconductors. Cu-to-Cu throughsilicon via interconnections with micro-bumps are key components in the fabrication of 3D ICs. However, significant reliability concerns have been raised due to the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds in the entire 3D IC joints. This study proposes a Ga-based Cu-to-Cu bonding technology with Pt under bump metallurgy (UBM). A systematic analysis of reactive wetting between Ga solders and polycrystalline, single-crystalline, and Ptcoated Cu substrates was conducted. Pt UBM as a wetting layer was identified to be a key component for Ga-based Cu-to-Cu bonding. Pt-coated Cu substrates were bonded using Ga solders with various Ga-to-Pt ratios (n) at 300°C. When n ≥ 4, the Cu/Pt/Ga/Pt/Cu interface evolves to Cu/facecentered cubic (fcc)/γ1-Cu9Ga4/fcc/Cu, Cu/fcc/γ1-Cu9Ga4 + Ga7Pt3/fcc/Cu, and finally Cu/fcc + Ga7Pt3/Cu structures. The desired ductile solid solution joint formed with discrete Ga7Pt3 precipitates. When n ≤ 1, a Cu/Ga7Pt3/Cu joint formed without Cu actively participating in the reactions. The reaction mechanism and microstructure evolution were elaborated with the aid of CALPHAD thermodynamic modeling.

Intramural Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia in Patient with Severe Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Shih-Ann Chen,Chin-Yu Lin,Yenn-Jiang Lin,Fa-Po Chung 대한심장학회 2015 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.45 No.6

We describe the case of a patient with severe hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy and sustained hemodynamically unstableventricular tachycardia (VT). Entrainment was demonstrated in the electrophysiological study. Activation mapping and pacemappingidentified the location of the intramural reentrant VT with the exit site close to the epicardium. However, VT persisted after ablation at theepicardial exit site. Successful ablation was performed endocardially at the corresponding position