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이시복(Lee, Shi-Bok),이원태(Lee, Won-Tae),남경훈(Nam, Kyung-Hun) 한국산학기술학회 2009 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.10 No.10
본 연구는 70톤 급 초대형 중장비에 사용되는 머플러를 실험과 경험 법칙을 통하여 개발하였다. 머플러 내 부의 파티션 플레이트, 천공관 그리고 파이프 구조를 변경하며 투과손실 성능을 비교하고, 실험 결과를 통하여 머플 러의 성능에 영향을 미치는 내부 음향 요소의 최적 조합과 배치를 결정하였다. In this study, a muffler for the super heavy machinery in the 70 ton class is developed. Developing process relies on experimental and rule of thumb approach. Various muffler internal structures consisting of partition plates, perforated and non-perforated through pipes, and absorbent are tried and compared for the transmission loss performance. Based on the experimental results, the best combination and locations of the internal acoustic components which affects the muffler performance are determined.
Tolerance of Anaerobic Granular Sludge to Oxygen
( Shi Ru Jia ),( Ben Yi Xiao ),( Du Bok Choi ),( Ki An Cho ),( Young Sik Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 2003 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.21 No.4
N/A To study the tolerant capacity of anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) to oxygen using semi-dynamic batch experiment, the aerating time, pH of the basal media, reductive inorganic materials, microorganism, and microorganism metabolite were investigated. When the aerating time was higher or lower than 0.5 h, the producing gas activity of sludge was lower than that of the control. The oxygen tolerance of the experimental sludge was the highest at the initial pH 7.2. The producing gas activity of sludge I was higher than that of sludge 11. And storage at 4℃ can low the lose of the oxygen tolerance capacity of granular sludge. The producing gas activity of sludge was the highest when KI was added. The growth of aerobic microorganisms and some metabolite could increase the producing gas activity of granular sludge.
( Shi Hyun Lee ),( Bok Joo Kim ),( Sang Hun Shin ),( Hong Sung Kim ),( Kyu Cheon Kim ),( Cheol Hun Kim ),( Young Hoon Kang ),( Ji Bong Jo ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2009 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.6 No.4
The synthetic scaffolds for bone augmentation fill the cavity, and act as a template for initial cell ingrowth and subsequent tissue formation. The desirable material as a scaffold need resorbable biomimetics, biocompatibility, mechanical stability, and cell viability. Hydroxyapatite is a synthetic calcium phosphate that resembles bone mineral. Its surface is highly reactive and favorable for attachment. Hydroxyapatite has properties such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, osseoconductivity. And chitosan is one of the biodegradable polymers in nature. Chitosan has non-toxicity, flexibility, anti-bacterial effect, resistance to heat, and biocompatibility. Mixture of hydroxyapatite and chitosan promotes osteoblastic adhesion, migration, differentiation, and proliferation. This mixture were prepared for the function of guided bone regeneration(GBR). This study makes the chitosan/fibroin-hydroxyapatite composite membrane be a prospective biodegradable GBR membrane for future applications.
Corrosion of Fe<sub>3</sub>Al-4Cr Alloys at 1000°C in N<sub>2</sub>-0.1%H<sub>2</sub>S Gas
Shi, Yu Ke,Lee, Dong Bok Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2018 Key Engineering Materials Vol.765 No.-
<P>Pure Fe3Al and Fe3Al+4%Cr alloys were corroded at 1000 °C for up to 200 h in N2-0.1%H2S-mixed gas in order to study their corrosion behavior in H2S-containing atmosphere. The formed scales consisted primarily of α-Al2O3, FeAl2O4, and Fe2O3. In these oxide scales, hydrogen and sulfur dissolved according to the reaction; H2S→2H+S. Corrosion products of Cr were not identified in the scales from the XRD analysis, indicating that Cr dissolved in the oxide scales. Fe3Al+4%Cr alloy displayed poorer corrosion resistance than Fe3Al alloy, indicating that chromium accelerated the corrosion rates of Fe3Al alloys.</P>
High-Temperature Corrosion of T92 Steel in N2/H2O/H2S-Mixed Gas
( Yuke Shi ),( Min Jung Kim ),( Soon Yong Park ),( M. Ali Abro ),( Poonam Yadav ),( Dong Bok Lee ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2016 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.15 No.3
The ASTM T92 steel was corroded at 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ at 1 atm of N2/3.1%H2O/2.42%H2S-mixed gas. The formed scales were thick and fragile. They consisted primarily of the outer FeS scale and the inner (FeS, FeCr2S4)-mixed scale containing a small amount of the Cr2O3 scale. This indicated that corrosion occurred mainly via sulfidation rather than oxidation due to the H2S gas. Since FeS was present throughout the whole scale, T92 steel was non-protective, displaying high corrosion rates.
High-temperature Corrosion of CrAlSiN Films in Ar/1%SO₂ Gas
Dong Bok Lee,Xiao Xiao,Junhee Hahn,Sewon Son,Shi Yuke 한국표면공학회 2019 한국표면공학회지 Vol.52 No.5
Nano-multilayered Cr25.2Al19.5Si4.7N50.5 films were deposited on the steel substrate by cathodic arc plasma deposition. They were corroded at 900℃ in Ar/1%SO₂ gas in order to study their corrosion behavior in sulfidizing/oxidizing environments. Despite the presence of sulfur in the gaseous environment, the corrosion was governed by oxidation, leading to formation of protective oxides such as Cr₂O₃ and α-Al₂O₃, where Si was dissolved. Iron diffused outward from the substrate to the film surface, and oxidized to Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄. The films were corrosion-resistant up to 150 h owing to the formation of thin (Cr₂O₃ and/or α-Al₂O₃)-rich oxide layers. However, they failed when corroded at 900℃ for 300 h, resulting in the formation of layered oxide scales due to not only outward diffusion of Cr, Al, Si, Fe and N, but also inward movement of sulfur and oxygen.
Corrosion of Fe-9%Cr-1%Mo Steel at 600 and 700℃ in N₂/(0.5, 2.5)%H₂S-mixed Gas
Dong Bok Lee,Muhammad Ali Abro,Poonam Yadav,Sang Hwan Bak,Yuke Shi,Min Jung Kim 한국표면공학회 2016 한국표면공학회지 Vol.49 No.2
The T91 steel (Fe-9%Cr-1%Mo) was corroded at 600 and 700℃ for 5 - 70 h in the N₂/(0.5, 2.5)%H₂Smixed gas at one atm. It was corroded fast, forming the outer FeS layer and the inner (FeS, FeCr₂O₄)-mixed layer. The formation of the outer FeS layer facilitated the oxidation of Cr to FeCr₂O₄ in the inner layer. Since the nonprotective FeS scale was present over the whole scale, T91 steel displayed poor corrosion resistance.
향미성 Natto의 향기성분, 지방산 및 유기산 함량 분석
김복란(Bok-Nan Kim),박창희(Chang-Hee Park),함승시(Seung-Shi Ham),이상영(Sang-Young Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 1995 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.24 No.2
Natto의 향미 개선 및 품질 개선을 위한 기초연구를 목적으로 증자대두에 Bacillus natto(NN-1)를 접종하고 마늘(2%)과 고추 oleoresin (0.2%)을 첨가하여 40℃에서 24시간 발효시켜 향기성분, 지방산, 유기산, pH 및 적정산도의 변화를 측정하였다. 발효 중에 생성되는 휘발성 물질을 연속 증류 장치로 추출하여 GC 및 GC-MSD로 향기성분을 분석 동정한 결과, 무첨가 Natto에서는 62종류의 휘발성 성분이 검출되었으며 그중 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, 2,6-bis(1, 1-dimethylethyl)phenol 등의 함량이 높게 나타났고, 마늘 첨가에 의한 Natto 제조시 71종의 휘발성 성분이 검출되었는데 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine의 높은 함량과 아울러 2-methoxyphenol, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid 등의 함량은 증가되었고 1,2-propanediol, 1-hexanol, 2-dimethylpyrazine 등의 함량은 크게 감소되었다. 또한 고추 oleoresin 첨가 Natto에서는 70종의 화합물이 분리 동정되었고 그 성분 중에서 4,5-dihydroxy-5-propyl-1H-pyrazole, 1,1,3-trime- thylcyclopentane 성분이 검출되었으며 trimethylpyrazine, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine, hexadecanoic acid 등의 함량은 증가되었지만 1,2-propanediol, 1-hexanol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine 등의 함량은 감소되었다. 지방산의 조성은 마늘 및 고추 oleoresin 첨가에 의한 변화가 없었으며 전 시험구에서 myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic acid의 지방산이 검출되었다. 유기산은 전 시험구에서 citric acid, pyroglutamic acid가 검출되었고, citric acid는 24시간 발효시켰을 때 무첨가구와 마늘첨가구는 44~45% 감소, 고추 oleoresin 첨가구는 24~28% 감소하였다. pH는 전 시험구에서 발효 초기 6.4~6.5 범위에서 24시간 발효했을 때 7.52~7.78 범위로 중성에서 약 알카리화 되었고, 적정산도는 전 시험구에서 대체적으로 발효 12시간에서 크게 증가 하다가 그 후에 점차 감소하는 경향이었다. Natto is a Japanese traditional food made from whole soybeans by the fermentation of Bacillus natto. This study was attempted to improve the taste of Natto, garlic(2%) and red pepper oleoresin(0.2%) were added. Conventional Natto(N-1), garlic Natto(N-2), red pepper oleoresin Natto(N-3), garlic and red pepper oleoresin Natto(N-4) were prepared. Volatile flavor components, fatty acid, organic acid, pH and titratable acidity in all samples were investigated. The experimental results revealed the presence of 62 volatile components in conventional Natto. Among there, the major flavor compounds were identified to be 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, trimethyl-pyrazine, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol. Seventy-one volatile compounds were detected in N-2, and major compounds were identified to be methyl-2-propenyl disulfide, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine. The amounts of volatile compounds, 2-methoxyphenol and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid increased by addition of garlic, where as, 1,2-propanediol, 1-hexanol and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine decreased. The compounds, 4,5-dihydroxy-5-propyl-1H-pyrazole, 1,1,3-trimethylcyclopentane were identified in N-3. The compounds, such as trimethylpyrazine, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine increased by addition of red pepper oleoresin, whereas 1,2-propanediol, 1-hexanol and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine decreased. Fatty acid compositions were mainly consisted of linoleic acid (43.66~55.89%) and followed by oleic, palmitic, linolenic, stearic, arachidic, myristic acid. The organic acids were identified to be citric (28.2~30.6), acetic (50.0~73.3) and pyroglutamic acid (2.1~3.7).