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Sri Martini,Sharmeen Afroze,Mira Setiawati 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회지 Vol.43 No.7
Objectives : This comparative study investigated various methods of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that were separately conducted for treating raw petroleum refinery effluent regarding chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Methods : Fenton, photo-Fenton, TiO₂, ZnO, TiO₂/Ultra violet (UV), and ZnO/UV were performed individually for measuring the effect of light irradiation, treatment time, pH, catalysts dosage, and light source on the profile of COD values. Results and Discussion : The experimental data of this work showed that the dependency on the light exposure in heterogeneous photo-catalytic reaction using TiO₂ and ZnO is higher than that of homogeneous photo-Fenton technique. The optimum operating conditions in heterogeneous system occurred at 100 min of oxidation time, pH5, and catalyst dosage 1 g/L that resulted in 21.8, 20.68, 60.9, and 55.17% of COD removal for TiO₂, ZnO, TiO₂/UV, and ZnO/UV, respectively. In contrast, both Fenton and photo-Fenton experienced their highest performance at pH 4 by obtaining 44.2 and 59.77% of COD removal, respectively. Eventually, kinetic study indicated that COD degradation can be well expressed by second-order pattern that reached higher correlation coefficient values by 0.999 and 0.998 for TiO₂/UV and TiO₂, respectively. Conclusions : Overall, it could be assumed that AOPs are reliable techniques to purify raw and complex raw industrial effluents.
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Identification of Cryptosporidium from Dairy Cattle in Pahang, Malaysia
Nur Hazirah Hisamuddin,Najat Hashim,Sharmeen Nellisa Soffian,Mohd Hishammfariz Mohd Amin,Ridhwan Abdul Wahab,Mardhiah Mohammad,Muhammad Lokman Md Isa,Afzan Mat Yusof 대한기생충학열대의학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.54 No.2
Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite, can cause cryptosporidiosis which is a gastrointestinal disease that can infect humans and livestock. Cattle are the most common livestock that can be infected with this protozoan. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia and to find out the association between the occurrence of infection and 3 different ages of cattle (calves less than 1 year, yearling, and adult cattle). The samples were processed by using formol-ether concentration technique and stained by modified Ziehl Neelsen. The results showed that 15.9% (24/151) of cattle were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium in calves less than 1 year was the highest with the percentage of 20.0% (11/55) followed by yearling and adult cattle, with the percentage occurrence of 15.6 % (7/45) and 11.8% (6/51), respectively. There was no significant association between the occurrence and age of cattle and presence of diarrhea. Good management practices and proper hygiene management must be taken in order to reduce the infection. It is highly important to control the infection since infected cattle may serve as potential reservoirs of the infection to other animals and humans, especially animal handlers.
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