Abnormal Dynamic Functional Connectivity of the Left Rostral Hippocampus in Predicting Antidepressant Efficacy in Major Depressive Disorder

Shao-Wei Xue,Changxiao Kuai,Yang Xiao,Lei Zhao,Zhihui Lan 대한신경정신의학회 2022 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.19 No.7

Objective Some pharmacological treatments are ineffective in parts of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), hence this needs prediction of effective treatment responses. The study aims to examine the relationship between dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) of the hippocampal subregion and antidepressant improvement of MDD patients and to estimate the capability of dFC to predict antidepressant efficacy.Methods The data were from 70 MDD patients and 43 healthy controls (HC); the dFC of hippocampal subregions was estimated by sliding-window approach based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI). After 3 months treatment, 36 patients underwent second R-fMRI scan and were then divided into the response group and non-response group according to clinical responses.Results The result manifested that MDD patients exhibited lower mean dFC of the left rostral hippocampus (rHipp.l) compared with HC. After 3 months therapy, the response group showed lower dFC of rHipp.l compared with the non-response group. The dFC of rHipp.l was also negatively correlated with the reduction rate of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.Conclusion These findings highlighted the importance of rHipp in MDD from the dFC perspective. Detection and estimation of these changes might demonstrate helpful for comprehending the pathophysiological mechanism and for assessment of treatment reaction of MDD.

Probabilistic Analysis of the Durability of Piles with Microcracks Under Chloride Attack

Wei Shao,Danda Shi 한국콘크리트학회 2021 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.15 No.6

A probabilistic analysis approach for estimating the durability of piles with microcracks under chloride attack is presented. The chloride ingress model is obtained by considering the time-dependent diffusion process. The equivalent diffusion coefficient is derived to investigate the crack effect by introducing the crack effect factor. The fitting formula between the chloride diffusion coefficients and crack widths is established through experimental results, and the proposed equivalent diffusion coefficient is verified by comparison with the experimental results. The probabilistic evaluation of durability of piles with microcracks is performed, and then the parametric analysis is performed to study the effect of main parameters on the failure probability and durability life. The results indicate that the chloride concentration increases rapidly as the crack width increases at the same number of cracks. The durability life greatly reduces with increasing crack density of pile. The durability life predicted by probabilistic method is always less than those by deterministic method at the same condition. The deterministic approach may underestimate the threat of reinforcement corrosion induced by chloride attack, owing to the omission of probabilistic nature of main influencing parameters.

魯迅早期"個人思想"的來源及其現代意義

Shao Hua Wei 퇴계학부산연구원 2008 退溪學論叢 Vol.14 No.-

It seems that there's no connection to the Tui-xi academic conference to talk about Lu Xun, as for this, I'd like to make a little bit defence. As the most profound and bardian modern enlightenment thinker, Lu Xun's thought has a close connection to the cultural transformation of China from tradition to modern. However, this kind of transformational so happened in Korea and Japan, It can be even claimed that today's Eastern Asia is the right outcome of this transformation. Thus, Lu Xun, who thought about the problems of China, has a great significance for the EasternAsia. While his early thought of individual condensed thought of western advancement, which is also the thought of cultural deficiency of Chinese traditional culture. It seems that he has found the secrets of Western richness and strong and China's backwardness. Lu Xun thought that the advancement of the West due to its respect on individuals, what was just lacked in China, therefore, hetreated "respect individuals" as the effective prescription to save the nation. Fu Zeyujiin Japanal so holds that "what the East lacks are two points, one is materially math and science, and the other is invisibly independent mind". In my opinion, this point of view is also applicable in Korea. From the beginning of 15th century to the middle of 16th century, "Tui-xism", having integrated al lthe excellence of Zhu Xi's philosophy, came into for that the time when Zhu Xi's philosophy reach edits high est splend or in the "Period of Li Dynasty" in Korea. This had been deeply affected Korean people's soul. Professor Jin Rikunin, Pusan University, claims that "Confucian is mis the most predominant traditional culture in Japanand Korea, and is still being develop das order sand principles." But there appeared introspection current in modern Korea . After the late 19th century, the enlightenment thoughts in modern west influenced Korea greatly, Shen Caihao(1880-1936), the contemporary with Lu Xun, accepted the Evolution Theory of Darwinand put forward "thoughts of Personality Equality". From then on, besides traditional thoughts, modern thoughts appeared as the introspection or even doubt of traditional thoughts. Lu Xun is one of such modern thinkers. Lu Xun is one of the earliest who has sensitively touched the root of western thoughts among Chinese intellectuals in the 20th century. respect individuals became the core prescription for him to health illness of China. Liang Qichao, who is older than Lu Xun, is also one of the earliest Chinese, who has dabbled modern thoughts of the West. But the differences between them are that Liang strongly preaches thoughts of nation and debases thoughts of individual, and he also views that the origin of China's backwardness is "deficiency of public morality" of the people, China desperately needs "nationalism" to find a foot hold in the world. He emphasizes "group freedom" and disregards "individual independence". While in 1908, in <On Cultural Bigotry>, Lu Xun pointed that "Hereby, the initial thing for survival and competition with other countries and participating world affairs is to respect and support individuals, then other business can be started after that; as for its way, that must be respecting and developing individuality and personality." What's Lu Xun different from Liang Qichao is that he definitely put forward "supporting individuals and elbowing crowds." When he studied aboard in Japan, he had been affected by Nietzsche and Stirner's "thought of individual". Individual was not considered as a part of a group, but self-sensed as "existence of individual". According to thoughts of YiTenghuwan, "there lation between individual and group is not as the relation of part and whole". That is to say, one's value can only be displayed as long as he achieves true individual independence. He also holds that the proposition of "individual" represents the "root and base" of western modern culture. According to him, Lu Xun' sunder standing and acceptance of we stern modern thoughts are the right grasp of this kind of "root and base." There is no doubt that Lu Xun's such value orientation was influenced by Japanese cultural current at that time. In the middle of the 19th century, British and French philosophy, emphasizing politics, sociology and economics, were popular in Japan. This current had great effecton Lu Xun, he had transferred his interest tosurvival of individuals. He put forward abrand-newnation-saving proposal that is completely different with Westernization is ts, Reform is ts and Revolutionary group. Lu Xun's early "thought of individual" was advocated earlier than that of new culture movement. Chen Duxiu, Zhou Zuoren, Hu Shi ect all emphasize the importance of individuals. Chen thinks that "western nations focus on, while eastern nations support family departmentalism", "western countries are completely nations of individualism in all ages. "While the variety phenomena of beggary, illegitimacy and declination all due to lack of individualism", "to change this situation, individualism should be supported, and families as the standard should be changed." Zhou mentions that "individualism should be the central standard of the world". Hu advocates "perfect and wholesome individualism", "individuals should fully developed their own talents and personalities", "the most devil of the society is to devastate individual's personality". No matter what divergence exists among illuminati of May Fourth generation, the advocation of "individualism" are consistent. However, the "thought of individual" advocated by Lu Xun and other modern intellectuals are shadowed several times in the following nearly a century's history, which led to the misunderstanding of individualism for a long time, even be treated as"misleading and harmful egoism". Individualism is not only the concern about the thought itself, but also the developing drive of society, economy and culture of modern society. China has achieved great acc

Numerical Simulation of Degradation Behavior of Concrete Piles in Sulfate Saline Soils

Wei Shao,Danda Shi 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.26 No.1

In this study, an integrated numerical approach is developed to simulate the damage and degradation behaviors of concrete piles in sulfate saline soils. The governing equations for modeling the sulfate diffusion-reaction mechanism are presented. The diffusion properties of sulfate ions are modified by taking into account the effects of pore filling and expansion cracking on the diffusivity of sulfate ions. The model for simulating the volumetric expansion and damage evolution is presented. The developed numerical method is verified by comparison with experimental results of linear expansion. Numerical analysis results show that the sulfate concentration tends to increase with the exposure time at the same diffusion depth, but the growth rate gradually slows with increasing diffusion depth. The concentration of the reacted calcium aluminates increases gradually with the exposure time, while reduces with the increasing diffusion depth. The effective diffusion coefficient decreases sharply at the interface depth, and then increases gradually with an increase in diffusion depth at the same exposure time. The higher environmental sulfate concentration and water-cement ratio can accelerate the degradation of structural capacity of concrete piles.

Double Agency Costs in China: A Legal Perspective

( Shao Wei Lin ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2012 The Asian Business Lawyer Vol.9 No.-

Unlike other countries with only one principle agency cost incurred by the separation of ownership from management, there are currently two forms of agency costs prevalent in China: vertical agency cost between shareholders and managers and horizontal agency cost between majority shareholders and minority shareholders. The former agency problem is originated from the SOE reform started in 1978, which led to insider control problem and owner absence. Conversely, the concentrated ownership structure makes minority shareholders vulnerable to exploitation from blockshareholders and thus creates the latter agency cost. It is concluded in this article that mechanisms to reduce these agency costs cannot be properly established or effective without an awareness of this fact.

Seismic Performance of a Full-Scale Precast Concrete L-Shaped Column Frame Structure with a Grouted Connection

Wei-Bin Ni,De-Hao Qiao,Hong-Wei Sun,Xu Zhang,Zhong-Wen Zhang,Shao-Jie Wang 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.2

Precast concrete frame structure with nonrectangular columns are becoming attractive to researchers and engineers owing to advantages such as avoiding column protrusion from walls and saving space. This paper presents the experimental investigation of a full-scale precast concrete frame structure with L-shaped columns (PCFS) subjected to reverse cyclic loading. The precast connection adopted grouted anchor connection. As a comparison and benchmark, one full-scale monolithic sample (RCFS) was also tested. The results indicates that the greater steel ratio in the grouted anchor connection region leads to a high local stiffness of the elements, which contributed to delaying occurrence of the first crack at the grouting holes. The failure mode, lateral load capacity, stiffness degradation, load-carrying capacity degradation, energy-dissipating capacity, ductility and interlayer residual deformation were compared between two specimens. PCFS specimen exhibited comparatively better hysteretic behavior, energy-dissipating capacity, residual deformation-resisting capacity and ductility. For RCFS and PCFS specimens, the peak load difference was within 7%. About 15% increases in ductility were observed for PCFS specimen compared with RCFS specimen. The test results would provide reference for the application of the precast concrete structure with nonrectangular columns in the new residential buildings.

Une quantification experimentale des messages restituees dans la courbe d`apprentissage de l`interpretation

( Shao Wei ) 한국통역번역학회 2013 FORUM Vol.11 No.1

A big challenge of Translation quality assessment (TQA) is how to quantify improvement of novice learners in terms of information transfer. We try to use an information unit as an evaluation tool which allows us to measure information transfer by the percentage of units we can identify in the target language. This tool may be complemented with introspection investigation in order to make a relevant diagnosis in students’ performance.

Intranasal Oxytocin Increases Perceptual Salience of Faces in the Absence of Awareness

Shao-Wei Xue,Hua-Bo Wu,Lanhua Zhang,De-Xuan Zhang 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.4

Objective The neuropeptide oxytocin has been found to improve human social cognition and promote prosocial behavior. However, it is still unclear about the mechanisms underlying these effects of oxytocin on neural processes, such as visual perception and awareness. Especially, it is still unclear whether oxytocin influences perceptual salience of social stimuli in the absence of awareness. Methods In a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial we applied an interocular suppression paradigm and eye tracking methods to investigate the influence of intranasally administered oxytocin on perceptual salience of social stimuli. Suppression times and pupillometric data were measured during subjects being presented with gradually introduced pictures of social stimuli (neutral expression faces) or nonsocial stimuli (grayscale watch pictures) that were suppressed and invisible in 10 men who were administered 24 IU oxytocin and 10 men who were administered a placebo. Results The results demonstrated that the oxytocin group perceived social stimuli more quickly accompanied by subsequent larger increasing pupil diameter than nonsocial stimuli, indicating an increased unconscious salience of social stimuli. Conclusion These findings provided new insights into oxytocin’s modulatory role to social information processing, suggesting that oxytocin might enhance attentional bias to social stimuli even after removal of awareness.

Rapid and Efficient Detection of 16SrI Group Areca Palm Yellow Leaf Phytoplasma in China by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Shao-shuai Yu,Hai-yan Che,Sheng-jie Wang,Cai-li Lin,Ming-xing Lin,Wei-wei Song,Qing-hua Tang,Wei Yan,Wei-quan Qin 한국식물병리학회 2020 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.36 No.5

Areca palm yellow leaf (AYL) disease caused by the 16SrI group phytoplasma is a serious threat to the development of the Areca palm industry in China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was utilized to establish a rapid and efficient detection system efficient for the 16SrI-B subgroup AYL phytoplasma in China by loopmediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The results showed that two sets of LAMP detection primers, 16SrDNA-2 and 16SrDNA-3, were efficient for 16SrIB subgroup AYL phytoplasma in China, with positive results appearing under reaction conditions of 64oC for 40 min. The lowest detection limit for the two LAMP detection assays was the same at 200 ag/μl, namely approximately 53 copies/μl of the target fragments. Phytoplasma was detected in all AYL disease samples from Baoting, Tunchang, and Wanning counties in Hainan province using the two sets of LAMP primers 16SrDNA-2 and 16SrDNA-3, whereas no phytoplasma was detected in the negative control. The LAMP method established in this study with comparatively high sensitivity and stability, provides reliable results that could be visually detected, making it suitable for application and research in rapid diagnosis of AYL disease, detection of seedlings with the pathogen and breeding of diseaseresistant Areca palm varieties.

Traditional Chinese Medicine as a Remedy for Male Infertility: A Review

Shao Hu Zhou,Yu Fei Deng,Zhi Wei Weng,Hao Wei Weng,Zhi Dan Liu 대한남성과학회 2019 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.37 No.2

Male infertility (MI) is a complex multifactorial disease, and idiopathic infertility accounts for 30% of cases of MI. At present, the evidence for the effectiveness of empirical drugs is limited, and in vitro fertilization is costly and may increase the risk of birth defects and childhood cancers. Therefore, affected individuals may feel obliged to pursue natural remedies. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may represent a useful option for infertile men. It has been demonstrated that TCM can regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and boost the function of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells. TCM can also alleviate inflam-mation, prevent oxidative stress, reduce the DNA fragmentation index, and modulate the proliferation and apoptosis of germ cells. Furthermore, TCM can supply trace elements and vitamins, ameliorate the microcirculation of the testis, decrease the levels of serum anti-sperm antibody, and modify epigenetic markers. However, the evidence in favor of TCM is not compel-ling, which has hindered the development of TCM. This review attempts to elucidate the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of TCM. We also explore the advantages of TCM, differences between TCM and Western medicine, and problems in existing studies. Subsequently, we propose solutions to these problems and present perspectives for the future development of TCM.