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Standardization and Quality Evaluation of Banafsha
Shanta Mehrotra,A. K. S. Rawat,Usha Shome 한국생약학회 1998 Natural Product Sciences Vol.4 No.1
`Banafsha` is an important herbal drug of indigenous systems of medicine. Flowers of Viola odorata L. (Violaceae) are considered to constitute the genuine drug `Banafsha`. However, due to limited distribution of this plant, another species of Viola, i.e. V. pilosa having almost similar medicinal properties, is mostly used under this vernacular instead. Ethnobotanically also different species of Viola i.e. V. odorata, V. pilosa and V. betonicifolia are used for various ailments at different places in our country. In the present study two species of Viola, namely V. pilosa and V. betonicifolia along with the commercial samples of `Banafsha` were studied and authenticated. It was observed that the market samples procured from Dehradun, Mumbai, Lucknow, Palampur, Ramnagar and Ranikhet showed close resemblance with Viola pilosa in having similar morphological characters like uniseriate hairs on the ovary, geniculate and clavate style, truncate stigma and almost similar TLC profiles. On the other hand the Almora sample was identified as Viola betonicifolia by the presence of large purple flowers, clavate style and convex stigma forming hump like structure. However, the market sample procured from Pathankot was found to be a mixture of two species of Viola namely, V. pilosa and V. odorata having dominance of the former species.
Pharmacognostic Evaluation of the Flower of Alcea rosea L.
Shanta Mehrotra,A. K. S. Rawat,Usha Shome 한국생약학회 1999 Natural Product Sciences Vol.5 No.1
The flowers of Alcea roses L., Malvaceae, sold in the Indian market under the trade name `Gulkhairo`, are well known for their expectorant, cooling and diuretic properties and used in many indigenous cough mixtures in India. The present paper deals with the detailed pharmacognosy of the floral parts including morphological, anatomical, phytochemical and fluorescence characters. Some of the diagnostic features of the drug are : pedicel characterized by multicellular appendages, stellate hairs, rosette crystals of Ca-oxalate. starch sheath and large sized mucilage canals; sepals having distinctive multicellular appendages arranged in a semilunar fashion present adaxialty at their base; monadelphous stamens, pollen grains pentaporate provided with dimorphic spines; placentation axile, ovules campylotropous; dark green fluorescence of the powder with nitrocellulose in amyl acetate and yellow fluorescence of trichomes under Fluorescence microscope.
Hydrophilic nanofibrous structure of polylactide; fabrication and cell affinity
Bhattarai, Shanta Raj,Bhattarai, Narayan,Viswanathamurthi, Periasamy,Yi, Ho Keun,Hwang, Pyoung Han,Kim, Hak Yong Wiley Publishers 2006 Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Vol. No.
<P>Microstructure and architecture of the scaffolds along with the surface chemistry exert profound effect on biological activity (cell distribution, proliferation, and differentiation). For the biological activity, scaffolds in tissue engineering have been widely designed. The objective of this study was to develop hydrophilic nanofibrous structure of polylactides (PLLA) polymer in the form of nonwoven mat by electrospinning technique, and further evaluate the fibroblast NIH3T3 cell proliferation, morphology, and cell–matrix interaction. Hydrophilicity of the PLLA fibers was improved by adding small fraction of low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the electrospinning solution. Four different ratio types (100/0, 80/20, 70/30, and 50/50) of PLLA/PEG electrospun matrices were fabricated, and the pore characteristics, tensile properties, contact angle, and hydrolytic degradation were observed. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fluorescence actin staining images were used for micro-observation of cell–matrix interaction and cell morphology. It was found that the electrospun mat of PLLA/PEG (80/20), composed of fibers with diameters in the range 540–850 nm, majority of pore diameter less than 100 μm, tensile strength 8 MPa, elongation 150%, porosity more than 90%, and improved hydrophilicity with slow hydrolytic degradation, is favorable for biological activity of NIH3T3 fibroblast cell. Based on these results, the correct composition of PLLA and PEG in the porous electrospun matrix (i.e., PLLA/PEG (80/20)) will be a better candidate rather than other compositions of PLLA/PEG as well as hydrophobic PLLA for application in tissue engineering. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006</P>
PD-1: A Negative Regulator of Phagocytosis by Tumour-Associated Macrophages in Colon Cancer
Mst Shanta Islam Tultul,고영상 대한미생물학회 2019 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.49 No.4
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immuno-inhibitory cell surface receptor protein of the myeloid, and lymphoid cell. PD-L1 is the ligand of PD-1, which is abundant in different malignant tissue e.g. skin, colon and breast cancer. PD-1/PD-L1 interaction helps the tumour cell to escape from the immune response by limiting TCR mediated T lymphocytes proliferation. Recently, PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking immunotherapy proved their efficacy in the treatment of different cancers. However, PD-1/PD-L1 interaction is well studied in T lymphocytes, but little is known about its function in tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). In the tumour microenvironment, phagocytosis by TAMs plays a vital role in the immune response. In this review, the significance of PD-1 expression by TAMs and how it influences tumour immunity will be discussed. Recently, it has been found that PD-1 can express by TAMs and its expression level is directly related to duration and stages of colon cancer. TAMs expression of PD-1 was shown to be related to significant depletion of cancer cell phagocytosis. Monoclonal antibody against either PD-1 or PD-L1 in mice model of colon cancer promotes tumour cell phagocytosis by TAMs, thereby limiting the growth of the tumour and increase life expectancy. Therefore, PD-1 can be a promising target in macrophagemediated immune therapy.
( Selina Rahman Shanta ),( Young Jun Kim ),( Young Hwan Kim ),( Kwang Pyo Kim ) 한국응용약물학회 2011 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.19 No.2
Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry is commonly used to analyze biological molecules such as proteins, peptides and lipids from cells or tissue. Recently MALDI Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) has been widely applied for the identification of different drugs and their metabolites in tissue. This special feature has made MALDI-MS a common choice for investigation of the molecular histology of pathological samples as well as an important alternative to other conventional imaging methods. The basic advantages of MALDI-IMS are its simple technique, rapid acquisition, increased sensitivity and most prominently, its capacity for direct tissue analysis without prior sample preparation. Moreover, with ms/ms analysis, it is possible to acquire structural information of known or unknown analytes directly from tissue sections. In recent years, MALDI-IMS has made enormous advances in the pathological field. Indeed, it is now possible to identify various changes in biological components due to disease states directly on tissue as well as to analyze the effect of treated drugs. In this review, we focus on the advantages of MALDI tissue imaging over traditional methods and highlight some motivating findings that are significant in pathological studies.
Faisal Ahmed Shanta,Md Abdullah Al Bari 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.84 No.5
Additive manufacturing is an emerging method to manufacture objects with complex shapes and intricate geometry, such as cellular structures. The cellular structures can widely be used in lightweight application as it provides a high strength-toload ratio. Under the various testing condition, each topology shows different mechanical properties. This study investigates the structural response of various types of cellular structures in compression loading, both experimentally and numerically. For that purpose, honeycomb, modified honeycomb, and spiral-type topology were selected to investigate. Besides, structural properties change by changing the cell size for each topology is also investigated. The specimens were subjected to a compression test by a universal testing machine to determine the absorbed energy and other mechanical properties. An implicit numerical study was also conducted to determine cellular structure’s mechanical characteristics. The experimental and numerical results show that the honeycomb structure absorbs the maximum energy compared to the other structures. The experimentally and numerically calculated absorbed energy for the 4.8 mm honeycomb structure was 32.2J and 30.63J, respectively. The results also show that the increase of cell size for a particular cellular structure reduces the energy-absorbing ability of that structure.