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Cluster Analyses of Tropical Cyclones with Genesis in the South China Sea Based on K‑Means Method
Yafeng Yin,Yangyang Yong,Shandong Qi,Kai Yang,Yizhao Lan 한국기상학회 2023 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.59 No.4
Tropical cyclone (TC) with genesis in the South China Sea (SCS) has been a major concern because of their high landfallfrequency and associated serious hazards to the surrounding coastal areas. The classification of TCs from records of historicaltracks is an important way to obtain their characteristics and to help predict their future behavior. According to the generationlocation, intensity, direction, and track length of TC, TCs with genesis in the SCS from 1950 to 2020 are classified into fourclusters by the K-means clustering method, including northwestward track cluster A, westward track cluster C and two longnortheastward track clusters B and D. The landfall probability, peak season, climate trend, lifespan, maximum wind speed,and power dissipation index show a significant distinction for each cluster. All clusters had a landfall probability exceeding50%, with the highest probability in cluster A (90.44%), followed by cluster C, cluster B, and cluster D with the lowestprobability (54.55%). The clustering results indicate that tracks of TCs are strongly affected by the distribution pattern of theWestern Pacific Subtropical High. When the WPSH moves southward, the southwesterly anomalies provide a significantlyfavorable steering flow for TC northeastward. Conversely, the WPSH located northward in July-September, the strongsoutheasterly anomaly favoring the northwestward movement of TC. From October to November, the WPSH shrinking insize gives way to the prevailing anomalous easterlies that steer the TCs westward. Further concerning the influence of TCsin the different clusters by the WPSH movement will be helpful for prediction in terms of the occurrence, track and landfallprobability of TCs in the SCS.
Yajuan Cui,Li Lan,Zhonghua Shi,Shandong Yuan,Yaoqiang Chen,Yi Dan 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.60 No.-
Three ceria-zirconia solid solutions were prepared by different synthesis routes. The results showed that CZ3 exhibited incompact structure with heterogeneous particle size distribution, accompanied by a bimodal pore size distribution. After aging treatment, the specific surface area and cumulative pore volume of CZ3-a were 37 m2/g and 0.22 cm3/g, which decreased by only 51% and 4% respectively from the fresh state. And the particle volume increased by only 4 times. Among the three samples, the textural/structural properties of CZ3 showed the smallest degradation, indicating the highest thermal stability, which was attributed to the incompact structure and special texture.