Prognostic Value of Prepro-Gastrin Releasing Peptide in Lung Cancer Patients; NCI-Prospective Study

Shafik, Nevine F,Rahoma, M,Elshimy, Reham AA,El kasem, Fatma M Abou Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.12

Background: Prior series investigated the expression of prepro-gastrin releasing peptide (prepro-GRP) in the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients. Our aim was to assess any prepro-GRP role as a prognostic factor for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and NSCLC and correlations with clinical presentation and treatment outcome. Methods: A prospective study was conducted during the time period from the beginning of January 2012 till the end of January 2014. Prepro-GRP expression was analysed using a nested RT-PCR assay in peripheral blood of 62 untreated lung cancer patients attending the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, and 30 age and sex matched healthy volunteers. Results: Among the 62 lung cancer cases, there were 24 (38.7%) SCLC, and 38 (61.3%) NSCLC (10 squamous cell carcinomas, 12 adenocarcinomas, 11 large cell carcinomas, 4 undifferentiated carcinomas, and 1 adenosquamous carcinoma). Twenty six patients (41.9%) were prepro-GRP positive. Prepro-GRP expression was higher (58.3%) among SCLC patients compared to NSCLC (squamous cell carcinoma (15.4%), large cell carcinoma (36.4%), and adenocarcinoma (25%)). Mean OS among prepro-GRP negative cases was longer than that among preprogastrin positive cases (17.6 vs 14.9 months). The mean PFS durations among preprogastrin negative versus positive cases were 7.7 vs 4.6 months (p= 0.041). No difference in response to chemotherapy was identified between the groups (p=0.983). Conclusion: Prepro-GRP is suggested to be a useful prognostic marker for lung cancer patients, especially with the fast- growing, bad prognostic SCLC type. More studies should aim at detailed understanding of the mechanisms of prepro-GRP action and its use in monitoring the response to treatment in a larger cohort.

Significance of Tissue Expression and Serum Levels of Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 in Breast Cancer Progression: Link to NF-κB /P65 Activity and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Shafik, Noha M,Mohamed, Dareen A,Bedder, Asmaa E,El-Gendy, Ahmed M Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.18

Background: The molecular mechanisms linking breast cancer progression and inflammation still remain obscure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association of angiopoeitin like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) and its regulatory factor, hypoxia inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$), with the inflammatory markers nuclear factor kappa B/p65 (NF-${\kappa}B$/P65) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-$1{\beta}$) in order to evaluate their role in inflammation associated breast cancer progression. Materials and Methods: Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) mRNA expressions were evaluated using quantitative real time PCR and its protein expression by immunohistochemistry. DNA binding activity of NF-${\kappa}B$/P65 was evaluated by transcription factor binding immunoassay. Serum levels of ANGPTL4, HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ were immunoassayed. Tumor clinico-pathological features were investigated. Results: ANGPTL4 mRNA expressions and serum levels were significantly higher in high grade breast carcinoma ($1.47{\pm}0.31$ and $184.98{\pm}18.18$, respectively) compared to low grade carcinoma ($1.21{\pm}0.32$ and $171.76{\pm}7.58$, respectively) and controls ($0.70{\pm}0.02$ and $65.34{\pm}6.41$, respectively), (p<0.05). Also, ANGPTL4 high/moderate protein expression was positively correlated with tumor clinico-pathological features. In addition, serum levels of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ as well as NF-${\kappa}B$/P65 DNA binding activity were significantly higher in high grade breast carcinoma ($148.54{\pm}14.20$, $0.79{\pm}0.03$ and $247.13{\pm}44.35$ respectively) than their values in low grade carcinoma ( $139.14{\pm}5.83$, $0.34{\pm}0.02$ and $184.23{\pm}37.75$, respectively) and controls ($33.95{\pm}3.11$, $0.11{\pm}0.02$ and $7.83{\pm}0.92$, respectively), (p<0.001). Conclusion: ANGPTL4 high serum levels and tissue expressions in advanced grade breast cancer, in addition to its positive correlation with tumor clinico-pathological features and HIF-$1{\alpha}$ could highlight its role as one of the signaling factors involved in breast cancer progression. Moreover, novel correlations were found between ANGPTL4 and the inflammatory markers, IL-$1{\beta}$ and NF-${\kappa}B$/p65, in breast cancer, which may emphasize the utility of these markers as potential tools for understanding interactions for axes of carcinogenesis and inflammation contributed for cancer progression. It is thus hoped that the findings reported here would assist in the development of new breast cancer management strategies that would promote patients' quality of life and ultimately improve clinical outcomes. However, large-scale studies are needed to verify these results.

Potential of impact-based mass estimation of individual radish tubers for real-time yield monitoring

키라가샤피크 ( Shafik Kiraga ),구란다즈아스라푸자만 ( Ashraffuzaman Gulandaz ),카비르사자둘 ( Kabir Sazzadul ),레자나심 ( Nasim Reza ),정선옥 ( Sun-ok Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 2022 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.1

Yield monitoring provides information on the spatial variability of yield in the field and it is one of the basic components of precision agriculture. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different harvesting conditions on radish mass measurements using a double load cell impact plate. The harvesting conditions included the falling height, conveyor speed, and impact plate angle, which were simulated using an impact plate attached to a laboratory test bench. The relative error (RE), standard error (SE), and the coefficient of determination (R2) were the statistical indicators used to describe the accuracy of the estimates. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) without interaction of factors and the Duncan multiple range tests were performed using the above indicators except R2. The falling height and conveyor speed had no significant effect on radish mass measurement. In contrast, the impact plate angle significantly affected the impact plate precision. Minimum and maximum standard error of 1.68 and 4.39 were obtained at -100, 40 cm, 0.05 m/s and -500, 30 cm, 0.25 m/s, respectively. The results showed the possibility of using impact-based sensors for individual measurement of radish for real-time yield monitoring.

농업용 붐 분무기의 노즐 높이 및 분무 균일 성 측정을 위한 초음파 센서에 대한 온도의 영향

샤피크키라가 ( Shafik Kiraga ),레자나심 ( Md Nasim Reza ),초두리밀런 ( Milon Chowdhury ),이슬람나피울 ( Md Nafiul Islam ),정선옥 ( Sun-ok Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 2021 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.26 No.1

The increasing popularity of boom height controllers requires a desired nozzle height above the spray targets for effective spraying. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on nozzle height measurement using ultrasonic sensors and the impact on spray uniformity. Experiments were carried out with a constant nozzle spacing of 50 cm and a pressure of 600 kPa considering temperature compensation and non-compensation states of ultrasonic sensor measurements. Nozzle heights of 30, 50, and 70 cm were selected for reference. Two measurements were carried out for each selected height with a temperature compensated and non-compensated state at 15, 25, and 300C. The spray distribution was also determined for each measurements. Coefficient of Variation (CV) and percent measurement error (ME) were used to characterize spray uniformity and temperature effect on height measurement. The estimated heights with temperature compensation were closer to the reference heights, which exhibits a low ME. The ME increased from low to high temperatures. Temperature compensated heights resulted in more even spraying trends, with lower CV values accompanied by non-compensated heights. Our findings showed that, ultrasonic sensors need temperature correction for proper Nozzle height measurement and optimal spray distribution.

Comparison of the performance of Ultrasonic sensors and single load cell impact plate for estimating the mass of Chinese Cabbage

샤피크키라가 ( Shafik Kiraga ),레자나심 ( Nasim Reza ),초두리밀런 ( Milon Chowdhury ),구란다즈아스라푸자만 ( Gulandaz Md Ashrafuzzaman ),정선옥 ( Sun-ok Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 2021 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.26 No.2

Chinese cabbage is a commercially valuable crop due to its various uses. Among its important quality parameters is mass, which can be used in the development of yield maps for yield monitoring. Previous research focused mostly on the use of load cell(s) and stereo-based approaches for mass estimation. This study aimed to propose a new method of mass estimation using three HY-SRF05 ultrasonic sensors, and compare it’s performance to that of a single load cell under laboratory conditions. An impact plate was fabricated and installed to receive impact of Cabbage as it dropped off an inclined conveyor. The load cell was calibrated with different loads and achieved an R2 fit of 0.986. Cabbage mass was calculated from the load cell signals. The effects of different dropping heights, plate angles, and conveyor speeds were also investigated. On the same conveyor, three sensors, two installed opposite to each other and at the top, were first calibrated using known distances, and then used to measure Cabbage length and thickness. Cabbage mass was calculated from its volume assuming an elliptical shape.. The proposed method had a mass estimation accuracy greater than 91%, slightly lower than that for the load cell’s 95%. The proposed method showed potential for mass estimation.

Prognostic Value of a CYP2B6 Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Alazhary, Nevin M,Shafik, Roxan E,Shafik, Hanan E,Kamel, Mahmoud M Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.11

Background: The objectives of this study aimed to detect a CYP2B6 polymorphism in de novo cases of acute myeloid leukemia patients and identify any role in disease progression and outcome. Materials and Methods: DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 82 newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia cases and the CYP2B6 G15631T gene polymorphism was assayed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The frequency of the GG genotype (wild type) was 48 (58.5%) and that of the mutant type T allele was 34 (41.9%). GT genotype heterozygous variants were found in 28 (34%), and TT genotype homozygous variants in 6 (7.3%) cases. We found no significant association between the CYP2B6 G15631T polymorphism and complete response (CR) (p-value=0.768), FAB classification (p-value=0.51), cytogenetic analysis (p-value=0.673), and overall survival (p-value=0.325). Also, there were no significant links with early toxic death (p-value=0.92) or progression-free survival (PFS) (p-value=0.245). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the CYP2B6 polymorphism has no role in disease progression, therapeutic outcome, patient free survival, early toxic death and overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia patients.

OFDM시스템의 ACPR성능

Islam, AHMRazibul,Shafik, RishadAhmed,송주빈 경희-다반 ASIC 설계교육센터 2005 경희-다반 ASIC센터 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

다중캐리어 변조기술로서 OFDM은 PAPR(High Peak to Average Power Ratio)가 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 OFDM기술을 사용한 IEEE802.11a 무선랜 시스템의 ACPR(Adjacent Channel Power Ratio)을 계산하기 위하여 특히 대역통과 비메모리성 비선형효과를 갖는 증폭기를 고려하였다. 본 논문은 모델시스템의 ACPR을 시뮬레이션으로 분석한 성능과 가우스성잡음이 존재하는 AM/AM 비선형성에 대한 이론적 성능을 비교하였다. 제시된 모델의 시뮬레이션 결과는 이론적인 결과와 잘 일치됨을 보인다.

Association of Paraoxonase-1(Q192R and L55M) Gene Polymorphisms and Activity with Colorectal Cancer and Effect of Surgical Intervention

Ahmed, Nagwa S.,Shafik, Noha M.,Elraheem, Omar Abd,Abou-Elnoeman, Saad-Eldin A. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Oxidative DNA damage may contribute to cancer risk and the antioxidant paraoxonase is one endogenous free radical scavenger in the human body which could therefore exert an influeence. Purpose: Aim of this study was to determine the role of serum arylesterase (ARE) and paraoxonase 1(PON1) activities in CRC patients and to find any association between (PON1) Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms in CRC patients. Also the serum ARE and PON1 activities in CRC patients will be investigated before and after surgery Materials and Methods: This study involved a total of 50 patients with newly diagnosed CRC and 80 healthy controls. PON1 and ARE activities were determined using an enzymatic spectrophotometric method. PON1 Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based restriction fragment analysis. The restriction enzyme AlwI was used to examine the Q192R polymorphism and Hsp92II for the L55M polymorphism. Results: Significant differences in the PON1 Q192R polymorphism were found between patients and controls. The Q allele was more frequent in the patient group than in controls, while the R allele was more frequent in the controls. Significant differences were found in the L55M polymorphism. Additionally, there were significant differences in L and M allele frequencies (p=0.001). The serum activities of PON1 and ARE were low in QQ and MM genotype. Conclusions: serum PON1 and ARE activities were significantly lower in CRC patients compared to healthy subjects. The R allele may protect against colorectal cancer.

In Vitro Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Novel Orange Peel Extract and It's Fractions on Leukemia HL-60 Cells

Diab, Kawthar AE,Shafik, Reham Ezzat,Yasuda, Shin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.16

In the present work, novel orange peel was extracted with 100%EtOH (ethanol) and fractionated into four fractions namely F1, F2, F3, F4 which were eluted from paper chromatographs using 100%EtOH, 80%EtOH, 50%EtOH and pure water respectively. The crude extract and its four fractions were evaluated for their total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and radical scavenging activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Their cytotoxic activity using WST assay and DNA damage by agarose gel electrophoresis were also evaluated in a human leukemia HL-60 cell line. The findings revealed that F4 had the highest TPC followed by crude extract, F2, F3 and F1. However, the crude extract had the highest TFC followed by F4, F3, F2, and F1. Depending on the values of $EC_{50}$ and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, F4 possessed the strongest antioxidant activity while F1 and F2 displayed weak antioxidant activity. Further, incubation HL-60 cells with extract/fractions for 24h caused an inhibition of cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. F3 and F4 exhibited a high antiproliferative activity with a narrow range of $IC_{50}$ values ($45.9-48.9{\mu}g/ml$). Crude extract exhibited the weakest antiproliferative activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of $314.89{\mu}g/ml$. Analysis of DNA fragmentation displayed DNA degradation in the form of a smear-type pattern upon agarose gel after incubation of HL-60 cells with F3 and F4 for 6 h. Overall, F3 and F4 appear to be good sources of phytochemicals with antioxidant and potential anticancer activities.

Improving Nutrient Use Efficiency Through Fertigation Supported by Machine Learning and Internet of Things in a Context of Developing Countries: Lessons for Sub-Saharan Africa

Wanyama Joshua,Kiraga Shafik,Bwambale Erion,Katimbo Abia 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.4

Purpose The most fundamental requirements of humanity are met by agriculture, and in the last century, innovative farming methods have helped to keep up with the increasing demand for food and other agricultural goods. Machine learning, IoT, fertigation, and other cutting-edge technology may be used to help producers make decisions that will boost crop production. The objective of this paper was to explore the relevance of machine learning and IoT to improve nitrogen use efficiency in drip-fertigated systems as well as assess the potential adoption of these technologies in developing countries. Methods Previous studies focused on the application of IoT and machine learning in drip-fertigated systems were summarized. Also, the complexity and breadth of technical knowledge and expertise required to adopt these systems in developing nations were discussed, using Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as the case study. Results Application of IoT and ML in drip-fertigated systems is still an emerging field most especially in developing countries such as SSA. Therefore, there is more need of extensive research focusing on utilising organic fertilizers, low-power IoT systems and connectivity, and developing farmer advisory decision support systems which integrates remote sensing techniques for nitrogen management in crops. Conclusion With the advancement in machine learning and IoT, both can now be employed in agriculture to guide nitrogen management decisions to improve crop production.