Impact and Delamination Failure of Multiscale Carbon Nanotube-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Shafi Ullah KHAN,Jang-Kyo Kim 한국항공우주학회 2011 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.12 No.2

Fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) are being increasingly used for a wide range of engineering applications owing to their high specific strength and stiffness. However, their through-the-thickness performance lacks some of the most demanding physical and mechanical property requirements for structural applications, such as aerospace vehicles and military components. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs), due to their excellent mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, offer great promise to improve the weak properties in the thickness direction and impart multi-functionality without substantial weight addition to FRPs. This paper reviews the progress made to date on i) the techniques developed for integration of CNTs/CNFs into FRPs, and ii) the effects of the addition of these nanofillers on the interlaminar properties, such as such interlaminar shear strength, interlaminar fracture toughness and impact damage resistance and tolerance, of FRPs. The key challenges and future prospects in the development of multiscale CNT-FRP composites for advanced applications are also highlighted.

Bridging the Connectivity Gap within a PLC and Wi-Fi Hybrid Network

Shafi Ullah Khan,황태웅,구인수 국제문화기술진흥원 2023 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.11 No.1

The implementation of a hybrid network utilizing Power Line Communication (PLC) and Wi-Fi technologies has been demonstrated to improve signal strength and coverage in areas with poor connectivity due to internet shadow areas. In this study we strategically positioned Wi-Fi relays and utilized the capabilities of PLC technology to significantly improve signal strength and coverage in areas with poor connectivity. We also analyzed the effects of metallic obstacles on Wi-Fi signal propagation and proposed a solution to strengthen the signal enough to pass through them. Our experiment demonstrated the feasibility and potential of using this hybrid network in industrial scenarios for real-time data transmission. Overall, the results suggest that the use of PLC and Wi-Fi hybrid networks can be a cost-effective and efficient solution for overcoming internet connectivity challenges and has the potential to provide high-speed internet access to areas with unreliable signals.

Impact and Delamination Failure of Multiscale Carbon Nanotube-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

Khan, Shafi Ullah,Kim, Jang-Kyo The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Scie 2011 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.12 No.2

Fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) are being increasingly used for a wide range of engineering applications owing to their high specific strength and stiffness. However, their through-the-thickness performance lacks some of the most demanding physical and mechanical property requirements for structural applications, such as aerospace vehicles and military components. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs), due to their excellent mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, offer great promise to improve the weak properties in the thickness direction and impart multi-functionality without substantial weight addition to FRPs. This paper reviews the progress made to date on i) the techniques developed for integration of CNTs/ CNFs into FRPs, and ii) the effects of the addition of these nanofillers on the interlaminar properties, such as such interlaminar shear strength, interlaminar fracture toughness and impact damage resistance and tolerance, of FRPs. The key challenges and future prospects in the development of multiscale CNT-FRP composites for advanced applications are also highlighted.

High frequency plant regeneration from transverse thin cell layers (tTCLs) in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Mohammed Shafi Ullah Bhuiyan,임용표,민성란,최관삼,유장렬 한국식물생명공학회 2009 식물생명공학회지 Vol.36 No.1

An efficient and reproducible plant regeneration system was established using transverse thin cell layers (tTCLs) in five cultivars of Brassica juncea L. The effects of medium conditions, explant types (tTCLs of hypcotyl and cotyledonary petiole) on shoot regeneration were examined in this study. The maximum shoot regeneration frequency was obtained in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.2 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The hypocotyls derived tTCL explants had more shoot regeneration frequency (52%) than the cotyledonary petiole derived tTCL explants. Shoot induction was further improved by the addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3) in the regeneration medium. A significant genotypic effect was also observed between the five cultivars; Rai-5 displayed higher capacities to produce shoots than other cultivars. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS basal medium without PGRs which induced 90% of roots. The plantlets established in greenhouse conditions with 99% survival, flowered normally and set seeds. The regenerated plants were fertile and identical to source plants.

Mode of Organogenesis of Epiphyllous Bud in Kalanchoe daigremontiana During In Vitro Culture System

Mohammed Shafi Ullah Bhuiyan,Kim, Tehryung,Choi, Kwan Sam 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2005 생물공학연구지 Vol.11 No.2

Extensive segmentation of detached leaves bearing variable number of dormant buds has been done to investigate the mode of organogenesis of epiphyllous buds on the leaves in Kalanchoe daigremontiana. The study revealed that shoot always emerged prior to root emergence from each bud. The buds from the middle region of the leaves were more responsive (earlier organogenesis) and more uniformly so than those from the distal regions. The existence of such a pattern of organogenesis even in leaf cuttings and squares points to the operation of some endogenous physiological gradients along linear leaf axis, not disturbed by system miniaturization. Enlargement of photosynthetic tissue at the disposal of a single bud did not accelerate organogenesis.

Factors for high frequency plant regeneration in tissue cultures of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Mohammed Shafi Ullah Bhuiyan,민성란,최관삼,임용표,유장렬 한국식물생명공학회 2009 식물생명공학회지 Vol.36 No.2

An efficient system for high frequency plant regeneration was established through investigating various factors such as plant growth regulator combinations, explant types and ages, and addition of AgNO3 influenced on shoot regeneration in Brassica juncea L. cv. BARI sarisha-10. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) and 1 mg/L BA (6-benzyladenine) showed the maximum shoot regeneration frequency (56.67%) among the different combinations of NAA and BA. Explant type, explant age, and addition of AgNO3 also significantly affected shoot regeneration. Of the four type of explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl, root, and leaf explants)- cotyledon explants produced the highest shoot regeneration frequency and hypocotyls explants produced the highest number of shoots per explant, whereas root explants did not produce any shoot. The cotyledonary explants from Four-day-old seedlings showed the maximum shoot regeneration frequency and number of shoots per explant. Shoot regeneration frequency increased significantly by adding AgNO3 to the medium. Two mg/L AgNO3 appeared to be the best for shoot regeneration with the highest shoot regeneration frequency (86.67%) and number of shoots per explant (7.5 shoots). Considerable variation in shoot regeneration from cotyledonay explants was observed within the B. juncea L. genotypes. The shoot regeneration frequency ranged from 47.78% for cv. Shambol to 91.11% for cv. Rai-5. In terms of the number of shoots produced per explant, B. juncea L. cv. Daulot showed the maximum efficiency. MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA showed the highest frequency of rooting. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to pot soil and grown to maturity in the greenhouse. All plants were fertile and morphologically identical with the source plants.

Factors for high frequency plant regeneration in tissue cultures of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Bhuiyan, Mohammed Shafi Ullah,Min, Sung-Ran,Choi, Kwan-Sam,Lim, Yong-Pyo,Liu, Jang-Ryol The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2009 식물생명공학회지 Vol.36 No.2

An efficient system for high frequency plant regeneration was established through investigating various factors such as plant growth regulator combinations, explant types and ages, and addition of $AgNO_3$ influenced on shoot regeneration in Brassica juncea L. cv. BARI sarisha-10. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) and 1 mg/L BA (6-benzyladenine) showed the maximum shoot regeneration frequency (56.67%) among the different combinations of NAA and BA. Explant type, explant age, and addition of $AgNO_3$ also significantly affected shoot regeneration. Of the four type of explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl, root, and leaf explants)- cotyledon explants produced the highest shoot regeneration frequency and hypocotyls explants produced the highest number of shoots per explant, whereas root explants did not produce any shoot. The cotyledonary explants from Four-day-old seedlings showed the maximum shoot regeneration frequency and number of shoots per explant. Shoot regeneration frequency increased significantly by adding $AgNO_3$ to the medium. Two mg/L $AgNO_3$ appeared to be the best for shoot regeneration with the highest shoot regeneration frequency (86.67%) and number of shoots per explant (7.5 shoots). Considerable variation in shoot regeneration from cotyledonay explants was observed within the B. juncea L. genotypes. The shoot regeneration frequency ranged from 47.78% for cv. Shambol to 91.11% for cv. Rai-5. In terms of the number of shoots produced per explant, B. juncea L. cv. Daulot showed the maximum efficiency. MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA showed the highest frequency of rooting. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to pot soil and grown to maturity in the greenhouse. All plants were fertile and morphologically identical with the source plants.

Overexpression of AtATM3 in Brassica juncea confers enhanced heavy metal tolerance and accumulation

Bhuiyan, Mohammed Shafi Ullah,Min, Sung Ran,Jeong, Won Joong,Sultana, Sayeda,Choi, Kwan Sam,Lee, Youngsook,Liu, Jang R. Springer-Verlag 2011 Plant cell, tissue and organ culture Vol.107 No.1

An improved method for <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated genetic transformation from cotyledon explants of <i>Brassica juncea</i>

Bhuiyan, Mohammed Shafi Ullah,Min, Sung Ran,Jeong, Won Joong,Sultana, Sayeda,Choi, Kwan Sam,Lim, Yong Pyo,Song, Won Yong,Lee, Youngsook,Liu, Jang R. Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular Biol 2011 Plant biotechnology Vol.28 No.1

<P>An efficient <I>Agrobacterium</I>-mediated genetic transformation method was established for <I>Brassica juncea</I> by investigating several factors responsible for successful gene transfer. Four-day-old cotyledon explants from <I>in vitro</I> grown seedlings were co-cultivated with <I>Agrobacterium</I> strain GV3101 harboring the binary vector EnPCAMBIA1302-YCF1, which contained the hygromycin phosphotransferase (<I>HPT</I>) gene as a selectable marker and the yeast cadmium factor 1 (<I>YCF1</I>) gene. Two days co-cultivation period on shoot induction medium (MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l<SUP>−1</SUP> α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 1.0 mg l<SUP>−1</SUP> 6-benzyladenine, and 2.0 mg l<SUP>−1</SUP> silver nitrate) containing 20 mg l<SUP>−1</SUP> acetosyringone and five days delaying exposure of explants to selective agent enhanced transformation efficiency significantly. A three-step selection strategy was developed to select hygromycin resistant shoots. Hygromycin-resistant shoots were subsequently rooted on root induction medium. Rooted plantlets were transferred to pot-soil, hardened, and grown in a greenhouse until maturity. Using the optimized transformation procedure, transformation efficiency reached at 16.2% in this study. Southern blot analysis was performed to confirm that transgenes (<I>HPT</I> and <I>YCF1</I>) were stably integrated into the plant genome. All transgenic plants showed single-copy of transgene integration in the host genome. Segregation analysis of T<SUB>1</SUB> progeny showed that the transgenes were stably integrated and transmitted to the progeny in a Mendelian fashion.</P>

Design and SAR Analysis of Wearable Antenna on Various Parts of Human Body, Using Conventional and Artificial Ground Planes

Ali, Usman,Ullah, Sadiq,Khan, Jalal,Shafi, Muhammad,Kamal, Babar,Basir, Abdul,Flint, James A,Seager, Rob D. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.1

This paper presents design and specific absorption rate analysis of a 2.4 GHz wearable patch antenna on a conventional and electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) ground planes, under normal and bent conditions. Wearable materials are used in the design of the antenna and EBG surfaces. A woven fabric (Zelt) is used as a conductive material and a 3 mm thicker Wash Cotton is used as a substrate. The dielectric constant and tangent loss of the substrate are 1.51 and 0.02 respectively. The volume of the proposed antenna is $113{\times}96.4{\times}3mm^3$. The metamaterial surface is used as a high impedance surface which shields the body from the hazards of electromagnetic radiations to reduce the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). For on-body analysis a three layer model (containing skin, fats and muscles) of human arm is used. Antenna employing the EBG ground plane gives safe value of SAR (i.e. 1.77W/kg<2W/kg), when worn on human arm. This value is obtained using the safe limit of 2 W/kg, averaged over 10g of tissue, specified by the International Commission of Non Ionization Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The SAR is reduced by 83.82 % as compare to the conventional antenna (8.16 W/kg>2W/kg). The efficiency of the EBG based antenna is improved from 52 to 74 %, relative to the conventional counterpart. The proposed antenna can be used in wearable electronics and smart clothing.