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Gender Differences of Smoking Stigma on Gender and Smoking Self-identification in Korean Smokers
Seunghyuk Ha(Seunghyuk Ha),Jang-Han Lee(Jang-Han Lee) 한국자료분석학회 2023 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.25 No.4
This research aimed to investigate the gender difference in Korean smokers’ smoking stigma and the degree of self-identification of their smoking status. Two Implicit Association Tests (IATs) were conducted to provide empirical evidence and compare the smoking stigma and self-identification of male and female smokers. Smoking stigma was measured to evaluate the attitude on smokers’ own gender and the self-identification as a smoker was measured as a perception of their smoking status as a stigmatized feature. As a result, it was found that Korean female smokers tended to attribute smokers with the same gender less favorably than male smokers and identify themselves as smokers more than males do. Additional correlation analysis on each subgroup found that the public stigma of Korean female smokers was correlated to their smoking self-identification, unlike male smokers, suggesting that female smokers were more vulnerable to higher smoking stigma by recognizing their self-identity as a smoker. In accordance with the model of stigma-induced identity threat, the result showed that gender differences in smokers’ stigma might be a risk factor in some cultural contexts which warrants further research in substance dependence.
A Review on the WDF Application Methods and Their Characteristics
Seunghyuk Jung,Hyunwoo Song 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.1
The decommissioning cost of a nuclear power plant (NPP) is largely composed of activitydependent costs, period-dependent costs, and collateral costs. And activity-dependent costs for each decommissioning activity are composed of five cost elements: Removal, decontamination, packaging, shipping and disposal. Among these, the removal cost elements are calculated by multiplying the appropriate inventory data element by the corresponding unit factors (UF), which are developed in terms of labor hours to perform an activity on a per unit basis. The labor hours included in UF is calculated under theoretical working conditions, which, after being multiplied by labor rates, composes unit cost factor (UCF) along with material cost. In the actual working conditions, there are number of factors that increase the time needed for performing a task. The effects of these factors are taken into consideration by means of work difficulty factor (WDF), expressed as a percentage of increase of the working time, comparing to an unimpeded working situation. WDF, by increasing the labor hours and consequential labor cost in UCF, makes it possible to calculate the actual removal cost. There are about five types of adjustment factors commonly used as WDF: Height, Respiratory protection, Radiation, Protective clothing, Work break. Considering the different working conditions, all of the five factors’ combination could be used theoretically, which results in the huge increase of the number of WDFs. For practical purpose, two representative WDF application methods has been used in the dismantling decommissioning cost evaluation program: A separate development of the UCFs, WDFs applied to the decommissioning area. In the first method, all of the UCFs, having different working environment, should be developed separately by the cost estimator. In the second method, UCFs are to be allocated to the relevant decommissioning areas where WDF sets are predefined by the cost estimator. In this study, the components of the decommissioning cost, the relation between UCF and WDF, and WDF application methods were reviewed. The result of review implies that WDF has a great influence on decommissioning cost. Additionally, since WDF application methods have somewhat limitations and complexity, their characteristics should be sufficiently examined by the user before being used.
패턴 찾기 과제 수행에 나타난 중학생의 수학적 사고과정 탐색
류승혁(SeungHyuk Ryu),김구연(Gooyeon Kim) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2022 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.5
목적 중학생들이 패턴 찾기 문제해결 과제 수행에 있어서 어떻게 패턴을 파악하여 정당화하는지 중학생들의 수학적 사고과정을 탐색하고자 시도하였다. 방법 이를 위해서 중학교 2학년 학생 35명을 대상으로 검사를 실시하여 자료를 수집하고 분석하였다. 결과 패턴 찾기 과제 수행에서 보이는 학생들의 사고과정은 양상은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학생들은 주로 세거나(counting) 나열하며 규칙을 파악한다. 둘째, 학생들은 근거를 제시하지 않고 수식을 세워 이를 활용하여 답을 찾는 경향을 드러낸다. 셋째, 패턴의 구조를 적절히 파악하는데 어려움을 겪는 것으로 보인다. 넷째, 학생들은 제시된 패턴 찾기 과제를 생소하게 인식하며, 대다수의 학생들은 패턴 찾기 과제를 학교에서 다루는 수학 문제와 다른 것으로 간주하고 수학 수업에서 다루는 문제에 비해 어려운 내용으로 인식하였다. 결론 학생들은 대수적 방법에 의존하여 패턴을 찾는데 패턴의 구조를 적절히 인식하지는 못하였다. 또한 학생들은 대체로 패턴을 찾아 정당화 하는 설명을 작성하도록 하는 과제 수행에 있어서 대부분의 학생들은 충분한 근거를 제시하지는 못하였다. Objectives This study explores how middle-school students identify patterns and justify the patterns identified. Methods For this, we developed a survey questionnaire that consisted of a set of pattern finding tasks and conducted a survey to 35 grade 8 students. Results From the data analysis, findings suggest as follows: a) the participants seemed to use counting or listing features in order to figure out a pattern, b) they showed tendencies to find out algebraic expressions such as equations without providing justifications, c) the middle school students appeared not to attempt to find out the structure of patterns given, finally d) the students recognized the pattern finding tasks in the survey as very unfamiliar, difficult and different tasks from ones they encounter in their mathematics classrooms. Conclusions The students seem to rely on algebraic manipulations without seeing structures of patterns given and unable to provide justifications for their claims.
Landsat-8 위성을 통한 토지피복 변화와 지하수 함양량 상관성 고찰
박승혁 ( Seunghyuk Park ),정교철 ( Gyo-cheol Jeong ) 대한지질공학회 2020 지질공학 Vol.30 No.3
SWAT-MODFLOW의 월평균 수문성분 자료를 바탕으로 지하수 함양관련 토양층의 측방유출, 침루량을 산정하는 기본자료인 수문응답단위(HRU)와 이를 구성하는 토지피복, 토지이용, 토양통에서 영향이 큰 지하수 함양량 인자를 분석하였다. 봄, 가을별 bare soil line(BSL)을 통해 PVI를 분석하고 기존의 NDVI, NDTI, NDRI와 함께 함양량 분포와 토양-식생관련 지수의 빈도분석과 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 비정규분포 양상을 보이는 NDVI와 NDTI에서 매우 유의한 양의 상관성이 확인되었다. 연구지역의 bare soil line 기울기는 약 1.092~1.343, 절편은 약 -0.004~-0.015이며 상대적으로 월평균강우량이 우세한 5월에는 Red밴드가 다른 시기에 비해 약 3~4배 증가하고 2012년 Singhal and Goyal의 결과와 같이 포물선 형태의 유일한 1개의 변곡점이 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 강우를 고려하여 지하수 함양과 토양-식생관련 지수에 대한 다양한 경우의 상관성 분석이 수행된다면, 위성영상자료를 통해 토양-식생에 따른 함양량 변화도 추정할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Based on monthly average groundwater recharge over a nearly 10 year period, results of fully integrated hydrologic modeling of SWAT-MODFLOW, land cover, land use, soil type and hydrologic response unit (HRU) was used to assess the dominant influencing factors of groundwater recharge spatial patterns in Jangseong district. As dominant factors, land cover was FRSE (forest-evergreen) and soil type was Samgag. Landsat-8 OLI imaging spectrometer data were acquired in the period 2003 to 2004 and seasonal bare soil lines (BSL) were estimated through NIR-RED plot. Extent of slope of BSL was from 1.092 to 1.343 and the intercept was from -0.004 to -0.015. To know correlation between spatial groundwater recharge and soil-vegetation indices (PVI, NDVI, NDTI, NDRI), this study employed frequency and regression analysis. On May, RED band increased up 3 to 4 times compared to other seasons and only one turning point appeared as recharge-index with upward parabola bell shape as results of existing research. Considering precipitation, if the various studies for relationship between groundwater recharge and soil-vegetation index just like NDVI are performed, it is possible to estimate groundwater recharge through analyzing remote sensing data.