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- 저자 : Seunghan Oh(오승한) (검색결과 37 건)
- 무료
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오승한(Seunghan Oh) 대한치과의사협회 2010 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.48 No.2
Tissue engineering has been enhanced by advance in biomaterial nature, surface structure and design. In this paper, I report specifically vertically aligned titania (TiO₂) nanotube surface structuring for optimization of titanium implants utilizing nanotechnology. The formation, mechanism, characteristics of titania nanotubes are explained and emerging critical role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is reviewed. The main focus of this paper is on the unique 3 dimensional tubular shaped nanostructure of titania and its effects on creating epochal impacts on cell behavior. Particularly, I discuss how different cells cultured on titania nanotube are adhered, proliferated, differentiated and showed phenotypic functionality compared to those cultured on flat titanium. As a matter of fact, the presence of titania nanotube surface structuring on titanium for dental applications had an important effect improving the proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro, and enhancing the bone bonding strength with rabbit tibia over conventional titanium implants in vivo. The nano-features of titania nanotubular structure are expected to be advantageous in regulating many positive cell and tissue responses for various tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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오승한(Seunghan Oh) 대한치과의사협회 2020 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.58 No.7
In addition to extensive research on polymer and metal three-dimensional (3D) printing, ceramic 3D printing has recently been highlighted in various fields. The biggest advantage of 3D printing has the ability to easily create any complex shape. This review introduces the 3D printing technology of ceramics according to the type of material and deals with the latest related research in the industrial field including the biomedical engineering field. Finally, the future of ceramic 3D printing technology available in dentistry will be discussed.
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표준필수특허권자의 `하위 사업자`에 대한 FRAND 위반 행위의 규제
오승한 ( Seunghan Oh ) 한국경쟁법학회 2016 競爭法硏究 Vol.34 No.-
In developing and setting standards, SSOs (Standard Setting Organizations) are required to incorporate very limited specific proprietary technologies(patent) into the standard essential patent technology groups (hereinafter “SEP”) with view to remove duplicated license fees and downsize royalties. As a result of the standard setting process, SEP proprietors could own the monopoly position in each indispensable standard technology market. When the standard becomes widely used, the holders of SEPs could exercise the monopoly power to demand more than the value of their specific patented technologies. In this regards, the FRAND commitment has played the important role to prevent the essential IP owner`s exploiting the users of the standard technologies after a standard setting process is completed. Each FRAND violation practice itself, however, could not easily establish the antitrust injury if there is no exclusion of rivals. Under the traditional view of antitrust law, because the patent holders are in the upstream market, their raising cost of the licensee in downstream market has not been the anticompetitive concerns, but the unfair problems, on which antitrust law could not be invoked based. This essay, however, insists that the breach of FRAND promise should be considered as one of anticompetitive practices. The result of each breaching FRAND commitments consists of anticompetitive harms because it increases the price of standard conforming end products and decreases the consumer choices, which could not arise if the SEP owners keeps FRAND commitments and competition rules of standardization.
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FRAND 확약을 위반한 외국 특허권자 등에 대한 독점규제법의 역외적용
오승한(Oh, Seunghan) 한국비교사법학회 2021 비교사법 Vol.28 No.1
독점규제법의 역외적용 이론은 자국의 독점규제법 적용을 원하는 정부 당국 및 법원이 속지주의 및 속인주의 원칙에 따르면 본래 타 당사국의 사법관할권에 속하는 외국의 사업자에게 자신의 관할권을 확대하여 자국법을 적용하기 위한 이론이다. 1945년 미국 Alcoa 사건에서, 미국 연방대법원은 특정 경쟁제한행위가 자국 산업에 대해 영향을 미치는 경우에 역외적용이 허용되는 것으로 판결하였고, 한국 역시 이와 같은 소위 ‘영향력’ 이론을 ‘독점규제 및 공정거래 등에 관한 법률(이하, “공정거래법”)’ 제2조의2로 입법화하여 시행해 오고 있다. 그런데 현행 한국 공정거래법 제2조의2는 “외국에서 실행된 행위가 국내산업에 영향을 미치는 경우에 동법을 적용한다”고 규정하여, 구체적으로 영향의 범위가 어디까지 인정되어야 하는 지가 불분명하다. 특히, 최근 해외 표준개발 과정에서 필수특허(SEP)로 인정받기 위해 FRAND 확약을 제출하였음에도 그 확약을 위반하여 비합리적 실시조건을 한국 사업자들에게 강제한 외국 특허권자들을 한국 공정거래위원회가 조사를 진행하는 과정에서 역외적용 가능성이 논란되고 있다. 이와 관련해, 미국의 경우 FTAIA법이 1982년에 제정되어, Alcoa 사건에서 제시된 ‘영향력’을 인정하기 위한 구체적 요건으로, “직접성, 상당성, 합리적 예견가능성”을 규정하고 있다. 2014년 한국 대법원 역시 미국의 FTAIA법과 동일한 요건을 갖추어야 영향력이 인정될 수 있음을 설시하고 있다. 그런데 여기서 다시 그 ‘직접성’이 행위의 ‘즉각적인 결과’를 의미하는 좁은 범위로 해석되어야 하는지, 아니면 ‘합리적 인과관계가 인정되는 주요 요인’으로 넓게 해석되어야 하는지 등이 여전히 문제가 된다. 이 연구는 이와 같은 역외적용의 구체적인 요건을 해석하기 위한 것으로써, 특히 다국적 특허권자로 구성된 해외의 SEP 권리행사 사례와 관련한 구체적인 논의를 진행한다. In antitrust law principles, extraterritorial jurisdiction can be understood as the work of defining the scope of government authorities or courts to apply the law of particular nation on legal persons based in another jurisdiction. Since Alcoa case in the U.S. 1945, ‘effect doctrine’ has been upheld also in Korea, and Article 2-2(Application to Overseas Act) in Monopoly Regulation and Fair-Trade Act (MRAFTA) stipulates that “This Act shall also apply to acts done outside Korea, if such acts affect the domestic market.”The Article, however, is too ambiguous to find that which acts abroad can be regulated by MRAFTA. In particular, KFTC (Korea Fair Trade Commission) has investigated several foreign proprietors of SEP (Standard Essential Patent), who are supposed to violate the law by breaking the FRAND commitments to Korea Handset OEM businesses. The problem is whether KAFTC could perform its jurisdiction under MRAFTA when all products, which had been made under the unreasonable license terms by the foreign entity even in Korea, was exported to abroad without distribution in Korean territory for Korean consumers. In the U.S., the Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act of 1982 permits U.S. antitrust agencies’ jurisdiction under antitrust laws only when the act causes a “direct, substantial, and reasonably foreseeable” effect on the U.S. domestic commerce or import trade. The Supreme Court of Korea in 2014 also decided almost the same rule for extraterritorial jurisdiction requiring “direct, substantial, and reasonably foreseeable effect to Korea market”. Unfortunately, there are still ambiguousness, such as, whether ‘the direct’ means ‘immediate consequence’, or only ‘a reasonably proximate causal nexus.’ This essay will discuss the appropriate understanding for requirements for extraterritorial jurisdiction, in relation to the multinational SEP owner’s violation of Korea antitrust law.
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오승한(Seunghan Oh) 대한치과의사협회 2013 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.51 No.1
Dental ceramics is well known to have excellent esthetics, biocompatibility as well as high compressive strength. However, the fragility of ceramics against tensile and shear loads leading to the delayed fracture of micro crack on ceramic surface and the backwardness of ceramic fabrication technique limit the usage of ceramic materials in dentistry. Among all ceramic materials, zirconia has been introduced to overcome the drawback of conventional dental ceramics in the field of dentistry due to the nature of zirconia featuring proper opalescence and high fracture toughness. Also, novel manufacturing techniques enable ceramic materials to prepare high esthetic anterior and posterior all ceramic system. In this paper, it is introduced and discussed that novel techniques characterizing the bond strength between zirconia core and veneering ceramics and analyzing the fluorescence of dental ceramics in order to overcome the gap between the results of basic research and the feasibility of the results in the field of dental clinics.
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