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중국거주 조선족 여성의 영적 안녕정도가 정신건강에 미치는 영향
정성덕,이종범,김진성,서완석,배대석,박순재,주열,염형욱,김승원,김구묘,안영록,황대홍,표미자,조창열,정태길 영남대학교 의과대학 2004 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.21 No.2
자아초월 정신의학이 체계화되면서 영성(spirituality)은 인성의 한 부분이라는 이론이 대두되었는데 이 영성은 정신건강에 큰 영향을 미친다고 했다. 인간의 성향 중 영적 안녕 정도를 파악하여 그 정도가 정신건강 중 허위성 경향, 정신병적 경향 및 불안과 우울 경향 등에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 조사하고저 본 연구를 실시하였다. 대상은 중국의 연변 조선족 자치구에 거주하는 여성 400명을 대상으로 하여 한국판 영적 안녕척도를 사용하여 영적 안녕정도를 파악하였다. 영적 안녕척도의 총점과 이 척도의 2개 하위 척도인 종교적 안녕과 실존적 안녕 척도 양자로 평가한 성적이 불안-우울통합척도와 정신분열증 척도 및 허위성 척도로 평가한 성적에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위하여 상관관계분석 및 회기분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 영적 안녕척도로 평가한 조선족 여성의 총점은 68.29로 한국의 기독교 여성이 평가한 100.65보다 훨씬 낮은 점수였다. 2) 불안·우울통합척도로 평가한 총점은 44.88로 연변노인이 평가한 점수와 일개지역의 한국농촌주민이 평가한 점수와 비슷한 결과였다. 3) 허위성 척도로 평가한 성적은 평균 74.57로 70점 이상이 86%(344명)이었으나 영적 안녕 성적과 허위성 성적 간에는 유의한 상관이 없었다. 4) 영적 안녕총점은 정신분열증 척도로 평가한 정신병적 경향에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으나 종교적 안녕하위척도의 성적은 정신병적 경향을 높여준데 비하여 실존적 안녕하위척도의 성적은 정신병적 경향을 낮게 해주었다. 5) 영적 안녕척도의 총점 및 두 하위척도인종교적 안녕과 실존적 안녕은 불안과 우울에유의한 상관을 보였는데 영적 안녕총점이 높을수록 불안·우울 총점이 다소 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 6) 종교적 안녕 하위척도와 불안과 우울과의 관계는 종교적 안녕점수가 높을수록 불안과 우울을 각각 다소 유의하게 높여주었으며 이에 비하여 실존적 안녕하위척도와 불안과 우울과의 관계는 실존적 안녕정도가 높을수록 불안 및 우울점수는 유의하게 낮아졌다. 이와 같은 성적을 미루어볼 때 연변에 거주하는 조선족 여성이 평가한 영적 안녕정도는 정신병적 경향과 불안 및 우울에 유의한 상관을 보였으면 이 척도의 하위 척도인 종교적 안녕정도는 정신건강에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 반면 실존적 안녕정도는 정신건강에 긍정적 영향을 미친 결과로 평가되었다. 이러한 결과는 공산주의 사회에서 실존적 안녕은 긍정적인 가치관으로 평가되는 반면 종교적 안녕은 정신건강에 부정적으로 작용한 것을 입증해 주었다고 하겠다. Background: Spirituality has been an important part of Transpersonal Psychology and is believed to have a large effect on the mental health because it has been systematized. The aim of this study was to determine the level of spiritual disposition on human beings along with its effects on one's mental health. Materials and Methods: The study targeted 400 women residing in Youn-Gil city of JiLin Prov., which is a district of the Cho-Sun tribe in China. Their spiritual well-being was studied using the Spiritual Well-being Scale-Korean Version. The spiritual well-being scale consists of 2 sub-scales of religious well-being and existential well-being. The study was evaluated using a lie scale, psychotic trend, and a combined anxiety-depression scale. The results were considered to be factors of one's mental health. The correlation between the spiritual well-being and each tendency was analyzed by regression analysis. Results: The total score of the Cho-Sun tribal women according to the spiritual well-being scale was 68.29 which was much less than the 100.65 of Korean Christian women. There was no significant correlation between the spiritual well-being and the Lie trend. However, it was found that 86%(344) of Cho-Sun tribal women scored above 70 in the Lie trend with a mean score of 74.57 which is higher than normal populations. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and psychotic trend, the psychotic trend became significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. On the other hand, the psychotic trend became significantly lower when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and anxiety, the anxiety was significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the anxiety level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and depression, the depression level was somewhat significantly high when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the depression level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Conclusion: This study evaluated the effects of spiritual well-being on a person's mental health among Cho-Sun tribal women in Youn-Gil city of JiLIn Prov., P.R. of China. The results found that the religious well-being, which is a sub-scale of spiritual well-being, had negative effects while the existential well-being had positive effects on the mental health. These results proved that a person's religious disposition had negative effects on their mental health in a communitarian society.
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Yuan, Wenqian,Á,goston, Ré,ka,Lee, Dongwon,Lee, Seung-Cheol,Yuk, Hyun-Gyun Elsevier 2012 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Vol.30 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The aim of the present study was to determine the survival of <I>Salmonella</I> Typhimurium adapted with sodium lactate (NaL), potassium lactate/sodium acetate mixture (KL/NaA) or sodium acetate (NaA) in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and during heat treatment. NaL-, KL/NaA- and NaA-adapted cells were prepared by incubating in tryptic soy broth (TSB) containing these salts at 5, 5 and 3% (w/v) concentration levels, respectively, for 24 h at 37 °C. The Baranyi model was used to compare the growth kinetic parameters of adapted cells. The acid and heat resistance of adapted cells were determined by incubating in SGF (pH 2.04) at 37 °C and in TSB at 55.8, 57.8 and 59.8 °C, respectively. Adapted cells had significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) longer lag phase duration (LPD) and slower maximum growth rate (MGR) than non-adapted cells. The acid resistance of KL/NaA-adapted cells was not significantly (<I>P</I> > 0.05) different from that of non-adapted cells. NaL-adapted cells were more susceptible to the low pH environment, whereas NaA-adapted cells showed enhanced acid resistance compared to non-adapted and other adapted cells. Unlike acid resistance, both NaL- and NaA-adapted cells showed enhanced heat resistance with increased <I>D</I>-values, regardless of treatment temperatures. Thus, this study indicates that adaptation of <I>S.</I> Typhimurium to 5% NaL or 3% NaA could enhance their ability to survive thermal processes or in the human stomach, possibly increasing the risk of <I>Salmonella</I> outbreaks.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► Sodium lactate-adapted <I>S</I>. Typhimurium showed enhanced heat resistance. ► Adaptation to sodium acetate increased heat and acid resistance of <I>S.</I> Typhimurium. ► Adaptation to KL/NaA did not affect their resistance to heat and acid. ► A mixture of KL/NaA may be effective technique in controlling <I>Salmonella</I> spp.</P>
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Yuan, XiangZhou,Fan, ShuMin,Choi, Seung Wan,Kim, Hyung-Taek,Lee, Ki Bong Elsevier 2017 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.195 No.-
<P>In this study, after conducting K2CO3-catalyzed steam gasification in a bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor, the bench-scale recovery process of potassium catalyst was investigated by changing washing methods and operating parameters. The optimal potassium catalyst recovery efficiency (eta(k)) from MSJ gasified residue was 87.62%, achieved by utilizing a combined washing method in which the first wash was performed with N-2 limewater (0.25 mol ratio of Ca/K) and the last two washes were with CO2 water. The recovered potassium catalyst was re-loaded with MSJ coal and then was utilized for conducting the catalytic steam gasification in a lab-scale fixed bed reactor, in order to evaluate the performance of the recovered potassium catalyst from both experimental and kinetic aspects. Compared with the results obtained from fresh K2CO3, not only the trends of carbon conversion (X-c) were similar at each gasifying temperature, but also there was no obvious difference in volume percentage of gases produced. When the random pore model (RPM) was adopted, both reaction rate constant (K-RPM) and activation energy (Ea) remained similar. In addition, the lifecycle of the recovered potassium catalyst was studied. Finally, it can be concluded that the potassium catalyst was effectively and efficiently recovered from gasified residue and the recovered potassium catalyst had the same catalytic activity as fresh K2CO3, promoting the commercialization and development of the catalytic gasification process. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
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Yuan Yee Lee,Muhammad Irfan,Yixian Quah,Evelyn Saba,Sung-Dae Kim,Seung-Chun Park,Myung-Gyun Jeong,Yi-Seong Kwak,Man Hee Rhee 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.5
Background: Hematopoiesis is the production of blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that reside in the bone marrow. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a chemotherapy drug that suppresses the immune system. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) and Colla corii asini (CCA) have been traditionally used for boosting the immune system. Methods: HSCs in the bone marrow, and immune cell subtype in splenocytes, PBMCs, and thymocytes were investigated. Serum levels of hematopoietic-related markers were analyzed using ELISA. Protein expression in spleen tissue was analyzed using western blot analysis. Hematoxylin & eosin staining in the femurs of mice were also conducted. Results: The combination of KRG and CCA with a ratio of 3:2 increased HSCs, CD3 and CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells in the circulation, and CD3 T cells in the spleen. A ratio of 2:3 (KRG:CCA) increased the thymic regulatory T cells and recovered the CD3 T cells in the spleen and circulation while recovering proteins in the JAK-STAT pathway in the spleen. Overall, blood cell population and differentiating factors vital for cell differentiation were also significantly recovered by all combinations especially in ratios of 3:2 and 2:3. Conclusion: A ratio of 3:2 (KRG:CCA) is the most ideal combination as it recovered the HSC population in the bone marrow of mice.
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Yuan, XiangZhou,Choi, Seung Wan,Jang, Eunji,Lee, Ki Bong Elsevier 2018 Chemical engineering journal Vol.336 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>CF<SUB>4</SUB> is considered to be a significant global-warming compound and has a fairly long atmospheric lifetime, which exacerbates climate change. Adsorption is considered a promising technology for capturing CF<SUB>4</SUB> and appropriate adsorbent is one of key factors for successful development of adsorption method. In this study, CF<SUB>4</SUB> adsorption using microporous carbon materials was investigated from both equilibrium and kinetic perspectives. Petroleum coke (PC) was utilized for developing CF<SUB>4</SUB> adsorbents by carbonization and KOH-activation processes. The carbonization temperature and KOH/PC mass ratio were varied from 300 to 600 °C and from 1 to 3, respectively. Varying the carbonization temperature and KOH/PC mass ratio had a dramatic effect on the textual properties of the prepared samples. CF<SUB>4</SUB> adsorption was well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model, and the CF<SUB>4</SUB> uptake was remarkably dominated by the surface area and pore volume of narrow micropores below 0.8 nm in diameter. The experimental CF<SUB>4</SUB> adsorption data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, compared with the Elovich and intra-particle-diffusion models, and CF<SUB>4</SUB> adsorption appeared to be mainly controlled by physisorption. The PC450-K2 adsorbent, prepared using a carbonization temperature of 450 °C and a KOH/PC mass ratio of 2, exhibited the highest CF<SUB>4</SUB> adsorption uptake of 2.79 mol kg<SUP>−1</SUP> at 25 °C and 1 atm, in addition to good CF<SUB>4</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB> selectivity at relatively low CF<SUB>4</SUB> pressures, excellent recyclability, easy regeneration, and rapid adsorption-desorption kinetics.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Microporous carbons were prepared from petroleum coke by carbonization and activation. </LI> <LI> The synthesized microporous carbon showed high CF<SUB>4</SUB> adsorption uptake. </LI> <LI> Fast adsorption-desorption kinetics and excellent cyclic stability were achieved. </LI> <LI> The effects of textural properties on CF<SUB>4</SUB> adsorption uptake were investigated. </LI> </UL> </P>
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