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Deubiquitination and Stabilization of PD-L1 by CSN5
Lim, Seung-Oe,Li, Chia-Wei,Xia, Weiya,Cha, Jong-Ho,Chan, Li-Chuan,Wu, Yun,Chang, Shih-Shin,Lin, Wan-Chi,Hsu, Jung-Mao,Hsu, Yi-Hsin,Kim, Taewan,Chang, Wei-Chao,Hsu, Jennifer L.,Yamaguchi, Hirohito,Ding Elsevier 2016 Cancer cell Vol.30 No.6
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced in the tumor microenvironment lead to eradication of anti-tumor immunity and enhanced tumor cell survival. In the current study, we identified tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as a major factor triggering cancer cell immunosuppression against T cell surveillance via stabilization of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). We demonstrated that COP9 signalosome 5 (CSN5), induced by NF-κB p65, is required for TNF-α-mediated PD-L1 stabilization in cancer cells. CSN5 inhibits the ubiquitination and degradation of PD-L1. Inhibition of CSN5 by curcumin diminished cancer cell PD-L1 expression and sensitized cancer cells to anti-CTLA4 therapy.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> TNF-α stabilizes cancer cell PD-L1 in response to chronic inflammation </LI> <LI> Activation of NF-κB by TNF-α induces CSN5 expression leading to PD-L1 stabilization </LI> <LI> CSN5 enzyme activity controls T cell suppression via PD-L1 deubiquitination </LI> <LI> Destabilization of PD-L1 by CSN5 inhibitor curcumin benefits anti-CTLA4 therapy </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
소비자의 화폐태도와 과시소비성향 연구: - 한 ․ 중 대학생 소비자를 중심으로 -
한 미(Han Wei);이승신(Lee Seung Sin) 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 2013 商經硏究 Vol.2016 No.1
현대사회는 소비자의 생활수준의 향상으로 소비자들의 욕구수준도 상승함에 따라 소비자들의 소비성향이나 소비방식도 바뀌고 있다. 본 연구에서는 화폐태도와 과시소비를 중심으로 소비자의 과시소비성향을 주목하여 연구를 하였다. 화폐태도란 감정적인 의미 외에도 화폐를 어떤 목적을 달성할 수 있는 수단으로 이해하느냐 하는 차원을 포함하는 광범위한 의미와 가치관 또는 신념으로 정의한다. 과시소비란 자기가 특정한 사회계급, 특히 상류계급이나 보다 특수한 유한계급에 속해 있는 것을 상징하기 위해서 재화나 서비스를 아낌없이, 또한 헛되게 소비하는 행위를 말한다. 본 연구에서는 과시소비 성향 유형은 ‘브랜드 지향’, ‘수입 지향’, ‘유행 지향’으로 구분하였다. 본 연구는 2012년 4월 9일부터 16일까지 한국과 중국 대학생을 대상으로 각 215부의 설문지를 배포하여 총 415부를 분석에 사용하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한・중 대학생소비자의 과시소비성향이 심각한 정도는 아니지만 어느 정도의 과시소비성향을 나타내고 있다. 한・중 대학생소비자의 과시소비성향 차이에서는 전체적으로는 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았지만 문항별로는 부분적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 한・중 대학생소비자들의 화폐태도 차이에서는 불안의 원천요인에서 전체적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 중국 대학생소비자에 비해 한국소비자가 불안의 원천이라는 태도가 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 대학생소비자 화폐태도중 한국의 경우 성공의 상징, 감정충족의 도구라는 태도가 높은 집단이 과시소비성향이 높았고 중국의 경우는 성공의 상징, 감정충족의 도구, 불안의 원천이라는 태도가 높을수록 과시소비성향이 높게 나타났다. In the modern society, the consumers consider the social factors, subjective meanings or the symbolism carried by the products to be more important than their necessary functions. In this paper, the self-recording survey was implemented to the Korean and Chinese undergraduate consumers aiming to figure out their rhetorical consumption tendency according to their attitude to the currency. The undergraduates residing in the Korean Seoul districts and the Chinese Beijing districts were selected. The analytic results were summarized as follows. Firstly, the rhetorical consumption tendency showed by the consumers from the two countries has not reached the serious degree, but the trend has reached to a certain extent. Secondly, to the Korean consumers, the females showed higher rhetorical consumption tendency than the males. To the Chinese consumers, the higher degree of the rhetorical consumption tendency was showed in according with the higher consumed amount. Thirdly, according to their attitude to the currency, both consumer groups showed higher rhetorical consumption tendency to the ‘brand directivity’, ‘income directivity’, and the ‘fashion directivity’ with the increasing degree of the ‘symbolic factor of success’, ‘factors of emotion satisfactory’. To the Korean subjects, no significant differences were showed. Fourthly, both groups showed great influence from their friends and the mass media, which increased their higher rhetorical consumption tendency to the ‘brand directivity’, ‘income directivity’, and the ‘fashion directivity’. The influences from the mass media showed the higher effects. Moreover, to the Korean group, greater influences from their parents made their rhetorical consumption tendency to the ‘brand directivity’, ‘income directivity’ higher. Fifthly, the two groups showed higher rhetorical consumption tendency to the ‘brand directivity’, ‘income directivity’, and the ‘fashion directivity’ with the higher materialism inclination according to the psychological variables. Furthermore, the Korean subjects showed higher rhetorical consumption tendency to the income directivity with the increasing of their self-worth. Sixthly, the Korean subjects from the natural sciences department showed lower ‘fashion directivity’ than other undergraduates. On the contrary, the rhetorical consumption tendency to the ‘income directivity’ and ‘fashion directivity’ were increased by the means of consumer education from the consumer-related organization. To the Chinese subjects, the rhetorical consumption tendency to the ‘fashion directivity’ was increased via the consumer education from the consumer-related organization. On the other hand, the consumption tendency increased with the higher materialism inclination
Effects of Galgunhaejutang on Alcohol Consumption in C57BL/6 Mice
( Seung Hun Cho ),( Hyeun Kyeung Kim ),( Jong Woo Kim ),( Wei Wan Whang ),( Sung Gon Kim ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2013 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.24 No.3
Objectives: Galgunhaejutang extract (GHT) is a Traditional Korean medical herbal mixture that has been tradtionally used to treat alcohol consumption. This study was preformed to evaluate the effects of GHT on alcohol consumption in C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Sixty three C57BL/6 mice were alcohol dependence-induced by limited access paradigm. Water, GHT 0.688 g/kg (GHT-L), or GHT 3.45 g/kg (GHT-H) were administrated for 10 days. The amounts of alcohol consumption for 2 hours, water consumption for 22 hours, food intake for 24 hours and body weight were measured. Results: There weren`t significant differences in 2 hours of alcohol consumption, 22 hours of water consumption, 24 hours of food intake and body weight for ten days between vehicle group and GHT-L or GHT-H group. Conclusions: Further studies employing multi-dose and long term administration of GHT (more than 10 days) might be of benefit.
( Seung Min Jeong ),( Eun-ju Jin ),( Shibo Wei ),( Ju-hyeon Bae ),( Yosep Ji ),( Yunju Jo ),( Jee-heon Jeong ),( Se Jin Im ),( Dongryeol Ryu ) 생화학분자생물학회 2023 BMB Reports Vol.56 No.7
This study investigates the relationship between cancer cachexia and the gut microbiota, focusing on the influence of cancer on microbial composition. Lewis lung cancer cell allografts were used to induce cachexia in mice, and body and muscle weight changes were monitored. Fecal samples were collected for targeted metabolomic analysis for short chain fatty acids and micro-biome analysis. The cachexia group exhibited lower alpha diversity and distinct beta diversity in gut microbiota, compared to the control group. Differential abundance analysis revealed higher Bifidobacterium and Romboutsia, but lower Streptococcus abundance in the cachexia group. Additionally, lower proportions of acetate and butyrate were observed in the cachexia group. The study observed that the impact of cancer cachexia on gut microbiota and their generated metabolites was significant, indicating a host-to-gut microbiota axis. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(7): 404-409]
중국 IP(Intellectual Property)영화 작품의 창작 트렌드
Wei, Si-Yuan,Song, Seung-Keun 한국정보통신학회 2020 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.24 No.2
Recently, IP (Intellectual Property) films have attracted much attention in the Chinese film market. This raises the need to take intellectual property films seriously in academic terms. The purpose of this study is to explore the effective methodology of content development based on intellectual property by analyzing the recent trend of Chinese intellectual property films. Recently, the driving force of the development of Chinese intellectual property films was analyzed, and the trend of Chinese intellectual property films was analyzed. The results of this study criticized the fragmented problems caused by the development of intellectual property films. This study made practical and academic suggestions to contribute to the healthy development of the intellectual property film market.
Wei Guo Zhao,Jong Wook Chung,Kyung Ho Ma,Tae San Kim,Seung Min Kim,Dong Il Shin,Chang Ho Kim,Han Mo Koo,Yong Jin Park 한국유전학회 2009 Genes & Genomics Vol.31 No.4
A total of 29 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 150 accessions of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) from Korea, China, and Japan. A total of 375 alleles were detected with an average of 12.9 per locus. The averaged values of gene diversity and polymorphism information content (PIC) for each SSR locus were 0.7001 and 0.6683, respectively. Alleles per locus in Korean rice were 8.8, whereas 8.1 and 7.2 alleles per locus were found in Chinese and Japanese rice, respectively. The mean gene diversity in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese rice was 0.6058, 0.6457, and 0.5174, respectively, whereas the mean PIC values for each SSR locus were 0.5759, 0.6138, and 0.4881, respectively. The genetic diversity of the Korean and Chinese cultivars was higher than that of the Japanese cultivars, and the genetic diversity of japonica was higher than that of indica. The model-based structure analysis revealed the presence of three subpopulations, which was basically consistent with clustering based on genetic distance. An AMOVA analysis showed that the between-population component of genetic variance was less than 22% in contrast to 78% for the within-population component. The overall F(ST) value was 0.2180, indicating a moderate differentiation among groups. The results could be used for designing effective breeding programs aimed at broadening the genetic bases of commercially grown varieties.