Ownership Structure of Northeast Asian Countries

Seung Rok Park,Peter Drysdale,Shin Il Kang,In kie Hong 한국경제연구원 2004 한국경제연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2004-02 No.-

1 In the first paper “Determinants of Corporate Ownership Structure and their effects on Corporate Governance in South Korea” by Shin-Il Kang, Korea’s unique characteristics, specifically the ownership structure and corporate governance are examined. The author takes a broad perspective by incorporating corporate culture, business leadership, and ownership structure in Korean corporation. Furthermore, he discusses the substitutability of Korean specific features given the rapidly changing economic environment. Under the Korea’s Chaebol structure, controlling shareholders, who are the real owner of firms, have exercised ownership rights while having a large proportion of shares aided by cross shareholdings. This has been possible through the pyramid ownership control structure as well as cross-shareholding among subsidiaries. Market circumstances related to management costs are not favorable to the firm with a dispersed ownership structure. In Korea, that’s the reason why ownership is concentrated. Given such a structure, the owners minimize costs related to management’s risks. Furthermore it proposes that leadership(firm culture) and ownership are substitutes. Concentrated ownership is needed when the leadership is not mature like Korean Chaebol. 2 The second paper “Issues in Japanese Corporate Governance” by Peter Drysdale examines some of the major issues of Japanese corporate governance today. The role of that main bank in corporate governance and inter corporate shareholding has been well documented. Although Japanese banks have rigorously monitored firms and have had an enormous influence on firms’ decisions and strategies through the owning of shares, firm performance under such a main bank system has not always been positive. Opposing views and their rationale regarding the pessimism behind the performance of firms in the main bank system are also explained in this paper. 3 The paper “Corporate Governance in China” by In Kie Hong discusses the current status and the restructuring efforts of China’s corporate governance. In China, state shareholders possess strong control rights over listed companies allowing them to exercise control even beyond their proportion of shareholding. Various governmental organizations(under the Communist Party) acting as representatives of the state as shareholders have influenced firms enormously, particularly regarding matters of organizing the board of directors as well as electing management. However since they have little incentives to manage state(national) assets and have insufficient capacity to monitor a large number of firms of which they are in charge, the principal-agent problem tends to prevail, which adds to the difficulties in preserving the value of state assets as well. 4 The last paper “Ownership Concentration and Corporate Performances in the Northeast Asian Countries” by Seung-Rok Park compares the relationship between corporate governance structure and corporate performance in Korea, Japan, and China by empirically examining the accounting corporate performances and technical efficiency measures. In the case of Korea, ownership concentration was shown to have positively affected all corporate accounting performance variables such as profit margin, return on shareholders’ funds, return on total assets, and return on capital employed. Furthermore, it was also found that ownership concentration positively affected corporate performance by helping improve the technical efficiency of firms. Unlike Korea, in Japan, there was no sign of a positive effect of ownership concentration on the accounting corporate performance and technical efficiency. Moreover, in the case of China, ownership concentration positively affected profit margin and return on total assets, while no positive effects of ownership concentration were found on return on capital employed and return on shareholders’ funds. It is shown in this study that the difference in the rel

목재펠릿과 주택용 목재펠릿보일러의 품질기준에 관한 국내외 비교연구

이승록, 한규성 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2022 農業科學硏究 Vol.38 No.2

Wood pellets, a representative bioenergy source, are actively used world widely. Wood pellets made in the domestic volume were around 0.65 million tons in 2021 and the scale was generally grow- ing up, which implies that South Korea’s wood pellet processing technology has reached a significant level. To guarantee a reasonable supply of wood pellet fuels as carbon-neutral sources, quality standards for related products and combustion equipment standards must be clearly established. In line with this, the authors compared major changes in domestic wood pellet quality standards with ISO standards. South Korea's wood pellet quality standards policy has undergone various changes over a period of a decade and has been improved to an equivalent level to the internationally. In addition, it was confirmed that the ‘Clean Air Conversion Act’ to be discharged for biomass-using facilities such as wood pellets have been gradually strengthened as the times change. Also comparing domestic and foreign quality standards based on small-scale combustion equipment which is using wood pellets as fuel, the authors found that domestic standards need to make improvements to meet the EU's combustor emission gas quality stan- dard level.

기계업 종업원의 직무만족·불만족에 관한 연구 : 대전·충남지역을 중심으로 A Case of Tae-Jeon and Chung-Nam Area

오광록,신승종,황영익 大田産業大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

This paper is focused on identifying job-satisfaction level that employee of mechanical industry being located in Tae-Jeon city and Chung-Cheung Provine of Korea. The "two Factor Theory of Motivation" by Herzberg was adapted for this paper. To identify the factors of job-satisfaction, correlation and ANOVA Method was applicated. Following items are the result of researching. 1. To mechanical industry employees motivators are related to job-satisfaction and instead of hygiene factors, motivators are also effected on job-dissatisfaction. 2. The higher education personnel shows the high level of job-satisfation. 3. Finally, the upper position personnel. In conclusion, supervisor or managerial personnel need to recognized and praise subordinate personnel, and give them a fait chancd of promotion.

흰쥐 삼차신경 척수감각핵 미측소핵 세포의 흥분성 시냅스 전도에 대한 nociceptin의 효과

김승록,최정희,송원정,천상우 원광대학교 치의학연구소 2003 圓光齒醫學 Vol.12 No.1

The caudal subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (medullary dorsal horn; MDH) is implicated in the processing of nociceptive information in the orofacial region. In the present study, whole cell patch clamp recordings were carried out on MDH neurons in brainstem slice of neonatal rats to investigate the characteristics of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and the roles of nociceptin/orphanin FQ on excitatory synaptic transmission. In the presence of strychnine (1 μM) and bicuculline (20 μM), spontaneous inward currents at -70 mV were observed. The baseline frequency, amplitude and decay time constant of sEPSCs were 2.0 ± 0.5 Hz, 23.0 ± 1.8 pA, 3.8 ± 0.2 ms, respectively. sEPSCs were mediated by non-NMDA and NMDA receptors. The specific AMPA receptor antagonist GYKI-52466 (50 μM) completely blocked the non- NMDA mediated sEPSCs, indicating that they are mediated by an AMPA-preferring receptor. Perfusion of the opioid orphan receptor (ORL_1) adonist nociceptin (3 μM) reduced the frequency of sEPSCs and miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs). The effects of nociceptin were blocked by the selective ORL_1 receptor antagonist [Nphe'] nociceptin(1-13)NH_2 (3 μM) and were not affected by the non-specific opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (10 μM). To investigate the specificity of this synaptic inhibition, we selectively activated the nociceptive C fibers with capsaicin, which induced a strong increase in the frequency of sEPSCs. In the presence of nociceptin, the response to capsaicin was diminished. In conclusion, these results suggest that nociceptin inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission in the MDH by acting on presynaptic ORL_1 receptors.

최대하 운동에 의한 피로도가 외발서기자세 균형에 미치는 영향

김영록,안연준,박승규 대불대학교 2003 大佛大學校大學院 硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.1

Fatigue is affected motor control, coordination and balance. This study recognize whether affect some balance of one leg standing by fatigue that do submaximal and is happened after exercise. It serve to measures and do maximum, strength of exercise measures heart beat same number and calculated target heart beat same number when is stable with maximum heart beat same number. This time, 5 minutes measured a rest after trouble very in couch of heart beat same number when maximum heart beat same number is stable being '220-ages' (maximum heart beat same number-heart beat same number when is stable) target heart beat same number is 0.85. When is stable serving to measure one leg balance is change after maximum low class exercise after and exercise 10 minutes after and measured change of balance with each mean value. This time, target heart beat same number for maximum low class exercise used heart of balance used active-balance system. Such measured value plain received figure using SPSS.

비동기식 적응형 파이프라인 구조 설계

이승숙,이제훈,조경록 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2006 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.14 No.2

본 논문은 비동기식 프로세서에서 동작 상황에 따라 파이프라인 구조가 변경 가능하고 명령어 종류에 따라 병렬처리를 지원하는 적응형 파이프라인 구조를 제안하였다. 제안된 구조는 스테이지 스키핑(stage-skipping)과 스테이지 통합(stage-combining) 기법을 지원한다. 이 기법들은 명령어 종류에 따라 서로 다른 데이터패스를 사용하는 명령어들을 병렬로 처리하여 머신 사이클을 단축시켜 프로세서의 동작 속도를 증가시킨다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 파이프라인 구조를 적용한 ARM 명령어 호환 프로세서를 설계하였다. SPEC2000 벤치마크를 사용하여 성능을 평가한 결과, 타겟 프로세서는 평균 365 MIPS의 속도로 동작하여 영국 맨체스터 대학에서 개발한 비동기 프로세서인 AMULET3i에 비해 2.3배 높은 성능을 보였다. This paper presented an adaptive pipeline architecture for a high-performance and low-power asynchronous processor. The proposed pipeline architecture employs a stage-skipping and a stage-combining scheme. By using these schemes, the proposed pipeline architecture can reduce the processing time and power consumption. Also, the proposed architecture supports multi-processing in the EX stage that executes parallel 4 instructions. We designed an asynchronous ARM processor to prove the efficiency of the proposed pipeline architecture. We used SPEC2000 benchmark programs for evaluating the performance of the target processor. As a result, the proposed architecture showed about 2.3 times higher speed than the asynchronous counterpart, AMULET3i.

水素化된 非晶質 硅素의 定常狀態 光電氣 傳導度(Numerical Analysis)

이종록,孫承希,張震 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1989 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.43 No.-

수소화된 비정질 규소의 재결합 과정을 연구하는 방법으로 광전기 전도도의 측정이 있다. 광전기 전도도의 온도 의존성과 조사광 세기에 대한 실험결과를 설명하기 위해 수치적인 방법을 통한 광전기 전도도의 계산이 많이 행해졌다. 본 논문에서는 Rose의 재결합 model과 gap state에 대해 acceptorlike, donorlike한 지수함수 모양의 tail을 가정하고 midgap 근처에는 Gaussian 분포를 가진 dangling bond를 고려하여 simmons. Taylor의 일반화된 비율 방정식을 수치적으로 풀어 광전기 전도도를 구한다. 근사식을 전혀 사용하지 않고 dangling bond의 점유함수를 그대로 계산에 적용, 광전기 전도도의 온도와 조사광 세기에 대한 의존성을 조사하여 이를 실험 결과와 비교 분석하고 재결합 과정에 대해 고찰하였다. 계산에 의하면 dangling bond state의 위치는 전도대로부터 1.1-1.2eV, 유효 상호 관련 에너지는 0.4eV, 폭과 최대 밀도는 각각 0.05-0.1eV, 5×10^15-1×10^16cm^-3eV^-1일 때 실험 결과에서 나타나는 상온 근처의 thermal quenching 현상을 설명할 수 있다. Steady state photoconductivity(PC) in a-Si : H films has been calculated to explain the experimental results such as temperature dependence and illumination light intensity dependence of PC and to investigate the recombination process. In this model, recombination via exponentially distributed band tail states and Gaussian form of dangling bond states was included. The appropriate statistics for correlated defects and the Simmons-Taylor theory are used to obtain a parametrical representation of PC versus photogeneration rate and PC is calculated without any approximations. The position, width of dangling bond states, effective correlation energy and profile of tail states etc. were estimated, and the thermal quenching effect could be shown so remarkably at certain conditions. A very good agreement with the experimental result has been obtained.

PC12를 이용한 신경세포 허혈모델에서 irp94 유전자의 발현

김승환,양영모,하영록,정성필,유인술,김인병 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Background: The ischemia responsive protein 94 kDa(irp94) gene belongs to the heat shock protein 110 family and was isolated in 1999 from rat brain by transiently induced forebrain ischemia. The PC12 cell is the pheochromocytoma cell line of rat, which is differentiated to a sympathetic neuron-like cell by the stimulation of a nerve growth factor. This study is to determine whether irp94 is expressed when an ischemia-like condition is induced by ATP depletion in cultured PC12 cells in vitro. Methods: PC12 cells were maintained as monolayer cultures in RPMI-1640 medium(Sigma) supplemented with 10% horse serum, 5% fetal bovine serum, 5 mg/ml transferrin, and 1 mg/ml insulin in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator at 37℃. The ATP depleting agent antimycin A was added at concentrations of 1, 2.5, and 5 μM to simulate ischemia, and 10 μg/ml of tunicamycin, which is expected to express heat shock protein maximally, was used as a positive control. The cells were harvested after a 60-minute incubation, and the total RNA was extracted. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was performed to use 501 bp irp94 cDNA as a molecular probe, and the expression of irp94 mRNA was analyzed by northern blotting. Results: The irp94 mRNA expression was enhanced, compared to the negative control group, as the concentration of antimycin A was increased. Conclusion: This study suggests that irp94 mRNA expression is enhanced as the severity of ischemia is increased. Thus, it is possible to investigate the mechanism of ischemic neuronal injury indirectly by using this in-vitro model of neuronal ischemia.

무안연안의 조류특성에 따른 환경변화

강주환,문승록,박선중 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2004 공업기술연구 Vol.4 No.-

Muan coastal zone consists of Hampyong bay, Tando bay and Chungkye bay, each shows unique tidal current characteristics. Tidal amplification by constructions of the sea-dike and sea-walls has an effect on Chungkye bay. This brings about increase of tidal flat area, which makes the ebb dominance at Chungkye bay more seriously. This study was performed to investigate the environmental changes by tidal current characteristics at Muan coastal zone.

하지의 만성 폐쇄성 혈관질환에서 절단부위 결정을 위한 색조도플러영상의 진단학적 가치

황득수,오홍록,이승진 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1996 충남의대잡지 Vol.23 No.2

There is no definite criteria for the determination of the level of amputation in ischemic limb or diabetic foot. So, We propose our update criterias for this problem as another good method, which are color doppler sonography as a noninvasive method and angiographic imaging as a more accurate but invasive method for the vascularity and its supplimentation in ipsilateral lower extremity as well as Wagner's ischemic index. We are concluded from our experience, as these; 1. Color doppler imaging is a kind of a good method for the determination of the level of amputation in ischemic limb or diabetic foot of lower extermity, even than Wagner's ischemic index. 2. The wound healing of diabetic foot is more difficult than any other foot disease such as Buerger's disease or atherosclerotic vascular disease in our experience.