위선암에서 장형화생의 변이형에 관한 연구

제갈승주,최영자,곽효일,노정섭,최찬 대한임상병리사협회 2001 대한임상병리사회지 Vol.21 No.1

우리나라의 시뇨리지 변동추이와 정책과제

홍승제,함정호 한국은행 2004 經濟分析 Vol.10 No.4

Most central banks nowadays recognize their seigniorage gradually reducing because the demand for high-powered money vanishes largely due to easy access to the electronic payment system and elimination of the required reserve system. We estimate seiniorage of Korean economy in this paper, which shows that money seiniorage recently has seen gradual fall while import interest and asset transaction profit became the major component in total seiniorage since Asian Crisis. Moreover, since The Bank of Korea holds large amount of foreign assets and Monetary Stabilization Bonds in its balance sheet, it could suffer great loss in total seiniorage in case of interest hikes and exchange rate appreciation, and, thereby, lose financial independence along with operational capability. Considering all these difficulty, The Bank of Korea should, in order to guarantee enough seiniorage for their financial and operational independence, adopt necessary measures such as imposing reserve requirement on the electronic payment system, introducing the channel system, and issuing higher valued bills. 우리나라의 경우 전통적 방식에 의한 시뇨리지 수입 추계결과 1990년대 중반까지 대체로 증가하였던 화폐시뇨리지가 최근에 들어서는 여타 주요선진국들처럼 그 규모가 줄어드는 모습을 보이고 있다. 더구나 화폐시뇨리지에 수입이자와 유가증권 매매익 등을 포함한 총시뇨리지도 외환위기 이후 정체하는 모습을 보여주고 있다. 우리나라 중앙은행은 주요 선진국에 비해 총자산중 외화표시자산과 통화안정증권 등 이자부부채의 비중이 매우 큰 특징을 지니고 있다. 따라서 국내외 금리가 상승하고 원달러환율마저 하락세로 돌아설 경우 통안증권이자부담 증대, 보유유가증권과 외화자산 등의 매매손과 평가손 확대 등으로 총시뇨리지 수입이 급감할수 있다. 이렇게 되면 중앙은행이 통화정책 운영을 위한 재원확보에 제약을 받아 금리 조절과 통화정책의 재무적 독립성(financial indepeudence) 확보 등에 애로를 겪을 가능성을 배제하기 어렵다. 이러한 점을 감안 중앙은행은 통화정책의 독립적 수행에 필요한 시뇨리지를 사전에 안정적으로 확보하기 위해 전자지급수단에 대한 지준부과 및 자산준비금제도 도입, 법정지준제도의 단계적 폐지 및 지준부리제도 도입, 원화국제화, 고액권발행 및 정부와의 시뇨리지 수입 배분방식 개선 등의 방안을 적극 추진할 필요가 있다.

국제회계기준 위원회의 발전적 과정과 조직구조에 관한 소고

조승제 조선대학교 경영경제연구소 2000 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.23 No.1

응급센터에 내원한 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에 대한 고찰

박승회,백광제,홍윤식 대한응급의학회 1993 대한응급의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Chronic Obstrcitive Pulmonary Diseases(COPDs) produce significant morbvidity and mortality in human lives. COPD is a progressive disease that coexists with emphysema and chronic brochitis. The critical episodes depend on inciting or aggravating factors which can be classified into 3 ways. First, disease related aggravation. Second, Patient related aggravation. Third, Physician related(latrogenic). The authors reviewed 102 COPD patients who came to Korea University Hospital Emergency Medical center from March of 1992 to February of 1993. 1) Males were more frequently affected than females, and male to female ratio was 2.64 : 1 2) The average age of the patients were 62.8 years old. 3) The average number of hospital admission was 2.5 times and one patient was admitted 9 times for the same disease. 4) On an average, the patients had dyspneic symptoms for 15.6 years and the symptoms had developed since they were 47.8 years old. 5) The ratio between smokers and nonsmokers were3 2.1 : 1, the smokers had smoked for 36.3 years and the average amount of smoking was 1.5 pack per day. 6) After admission, sputum culture and sensitiveity test were done and the results were as follows : nonspceific organums 47 cases(46.0%), streptococcus 23 cases(22.5%), Pseudomonas 15 cases(14.7%), Hemophilus influenza 7 cases(6.8%), Klebsiella 5 cases(4.9%), Actinomycosis 3 cases (2.9%), Staphylococcus 2 cases(1.9%) 7) Aggravation factors for dyspnea were as follows : Upper Respiratory Tract Infection 40 cases(39.2%), Smoking 2.5 cases(24.5%), Pneumothorax 11 cases(10.8%), Pneumonia 7 cases(6.8%), Unknown origin 19 cases(18.6\%) 8) Prognosis after hospital admission were classified into 6 groups : 1. completely recovered 2. almost recovered 3. no improvement 4. hopeless discharge 5. expired within 48 hrs. 6. expired after 48hrs. The results were as follows : 87.3%(89 cases) discharged in almost recovered stated state, 1.9%(2 cases) discharged with no improvement, 4.9%(5 cases) were hoplessly discharged, 2.9%(3 cases) expired within 48 hrs, 2.9%(3 cases) expired after 48 hrs.

한국판 스미스클라인 비챰의 '삶의 질'척도를 이용한 공황장애 환자의 삶의 질에 관한 연구

이승호,제영묘,김상엽,이대수,최은영 대한생물치료정신의학회 2000 생물치료정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

Objectives : In this study, we researched the change of 'quality of life(QOL)' of patient with panic disorder by KvSBQOL and the predictors affecting the change of 'quality of life'. Methods : 30 outpatient with panic disorder were tested by questionnare for panic disorder and KvSBQOL. Frst, they were classified as when healthy before panic episodes(a point of time 1), when first diagnosed as panic disorder in the psychiatry(a point of time 2), and when treated after diagnosis(a point of time 3). Second, the change of QOL scores in five factors at each point was observed, Third, the correlation between the change of QOL scores(point 3 score-point 2 score) and the several predictors(Onset age, Degree of change in panic symtom, Degree of change in anticipatory anxiety, Degree of change in agraphobia, Spended time to diagnose panic disorder, Duration of treatment) were studied. Results : 1) QOL mean scores of a point of time 1,2 and 3 were 166.267±38.24, 94.367±34.00, 161.367±34.37, respectively. 2) The change of QOL scores in all five factors of KvSBQOL(factor1 Competence, factor2 Psychological well-being, factor3 Stability, factor4 Physical well-being, factor5 Activity)at each point was significant(P<.000). 3) The change of QOL mean scores(point 3 score-point 2 score) have significantly negative correlation with the change of score in anticipatory anxiety but not other predictors. Conclusions : Difference in QOL scores between a point of time 1 and 3 is 4.9, indicating that the psychiatric treatment is important in improvement of QOL, the anticipatory anxiety is an important predictor of QOL(P<.001). and it suggested that diminished anticipatory anxiety is very important to maintain of high QOL in patient with panic disorder.

태권도 차기기술의 관절과 분절 운동의 운동학적 정의

김승재,김로빈,신제민 한국운동역학회 1998 한국운동역학회지 Vol.8 No.2

The studies on Taekwondo kicking techniques have not been practical to apply to the teaching or coaching fields because they merely focused on the kicking leg and didn't define sufficiently overall motion patterns. The main reason for this is that there has been no useful method to describe complex Taekwondo kicking techniques such as Cardan angle which is effective to represent joint motion due to the production of three independent rotations about three independent axis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to kinematically define the joint and segment motion by using Cardan angle during Dolgae-chagi(360 ˚ turning kick), Dwi-huryeochagi(backward thrashing kick) , and Dwi-chagi(back kick) in order to provide practical information for the Taekwondo teaching field. Six male elite Taekwondo players with the height of 177±5.6 cm and the weight 72.2±7.6 Kg were filmed using three-dimensional cinematography during Dolgae-chagi, Dwi-huryeochagi and Dwi-chagi. The joint and segment motion of the three Teakwondo kicking techniques was represented with Cardan angle calculated by the normal vector analysis. With Cardan angle the joint and segment motions of the three Taekwondo kicking techniques are defined as the following table.

금오지의 수환경 및 부영양화 평가

박제철,김동섭,이승환 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Seasonal and vertical distribution of water quality were investigated from May 2001 to June 2002 in Kumoh reservoir located nearby Kumi City, Kyungpook. Kumoh reservoir that lost the role of agricultural irrigation is currently of rapid eutrophication. The vertical distribution of DO was observed clinograde with hypolimnetic anoxic zone. T-P concentrations at the surface ranged from 0.008 to 0.152 mgP/L and T-N concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 3.0 mgN/L. The vertical and seasonal variation of T-N was smaller than T-P. DOC concentrations, indicator of organic matter pollution, ranged from 2.8 to 5.4 mgC/L. Apportionment of Total-DOC (T-DOC) indicated that 14% of T-DOC was attributed to Labile-DOC(L-DOC) and the rest was due to Refractory-DOC(R-DOC). The values of TSI(Trophic State Index) ranged between 44 and 52 indicating that Kumoh reservoir is under mesotrophic condition. The results of this study indicate that Kumoh reservoir is likely to be under influence of eutrophication and thus water quality will be aggravated. Therefore, the Kumoh reservoir requires further treatment to improve water quality and a plan of the reusing water resource should be developed.

대학생 내담자가 호소하는 문제유형과 성격유형과의 관계 연구

박제일,임승환 한국심리유형학회 2002 심리유형과 인간발달 Vol.9 No.-

본 연구는 대학교 학생생활연구소를 내방하여 상담을 받은 537명의 학생들을 대상으로, 학생들이 호소하는 문제유형과 성격유형과의 관계를 분석하여, 이를 토대로 내담자의 성격특성에 따른 적절한 상담대처방식을 적용하기 위한 기초연구로 진행되었다. 이를 위하여 내담자들이 호소하는 문제유형과 성적유형과의 관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과를 종합해보면, 내담자들이 호소라는 문제유형은 "학업 및 진로문제", "성격문제", "정서문제"의 순으로 나타났다. 성격유형 분포는 전체 분포에 비추어볼 때, "내향형"과 "직관형"의 비율이 높게 나타나고 있고, 성격유형과 내담자들이 호소하는 문제유형과의 관계에서는 ISTJ, ISTP, INFP, INTJ, INTP 유형에서 공통적으로 빈도가 높게 나타나고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 이들 유형에게서 문제를 호소하는 비율이 증가하는 이유와 그 대책에 대한 논의가 필요하다. 또한 상담장면에서 성격유형별 대처방식에 대한 적용가능성에 대해 좀더 확대된 연구가 필요하다고 하겠다. This study was proceeded with 537 students who had counseling sessions in university students counseling center as the groundwork of applying appropriate counseling strategies according to the client's personality type, on the basis of the analyses of relations between the types of problems students complained about and their personality types. For this purpose, analyses were proceeded to figure out the relations between the reffered problem types and personality types of student clients in university. In summary, the problem types clients complained about appeared as "problems in schoolwork and career", "problems in personality", and "emotional problems" in order. Compared with the whole personality type distributions, "Interversion" and "iNtuition" types occupied higher rates than other types, concretely, ISTJ, ISTP, INFP, INTJ, and INTP types showed higher frequencies in common than others. So, it is necessary to discuss the reason why the problem complaining rates showed higher levels in these types and the strategies of the counselors to cope with these types of clients appropriately. And further study is needed to research the applicability of strategies of counselors according to the personality type of client's in counseling setting.

흉부외상 없이 발생한 흉부대동맥 절단증의 조기 진단 : 2례 보고 Two Cases Report

한승백,전영진,백광제,김준식,김정택,김광호,선경 大韓應急醫學會 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Aortic transection or interruption is a rare condition which developed after an acute deceleration injury. Its occurrence depends on the location and direction of the force applied and is usually from motor vehicle accident or falling down. The exact incidence of aortic transection in trauma is not known but, when develops, only about 10-15% of the victims can survive and be transported to the hospital. Even in the survivors, majority of them will be fatal within a few days if a prompt diagnosis and surgical treatments are not made. Aggressive diagnostic work-up is recommended for the patients with high suspicious index, which would salvage the victims with this fatal condition. We report the experience of two cases of aortic transection or interruption following motor vehicle accidents.

비동기식 적응형 파이프라인 구조 설계

이승숙,이제훈,조경록 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2006 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.14 No.2

본 논문은 비동기식 프로세서에서 동작 상황에 따라 파이프라인 구조가 변경 가능하고 명령어 종류에 따라 병렬처리를 지원하는 적응형 파이프라인 구조를 제안하였다. 제안된 구조는 스테이지 스키핑(stage-skipping)과 스테이지 통합(stage-combining) 기법을 지원한다. 이 기법들은 명령어 종류에 따라 서로 다른 데이터패스를 사용하는 명령어들을 병렬로 처리하여 머신 사이클을 단축시켜 프로세서의 동작 속도를 증가시킨다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 파이프라인 구조를 적용한 ARM 명령어 호환 프로세서를 설계하였다. SPEC2000 벤치마크를 사용하여 성능을 평가한 결과, 타겟 프로세서는 평균 365 MIPS의 속도로 동작하여 영국 맨체스터 대학에서 개발한 비동기 프로세서인 AMULET3i에 비해 2.3배 높은 성능을 보였다. This paper presented an adaptive pipeline architecture for a high-performance and low-power asynchronous processor. The proposed pipeline architecture employs a stage-skipping and a stage-combining scheme. By using these schemes, the proposed pipeline architecture can reduce the processing time and power consumption. Also, the proposed architecture supports multi-processing in the EX stage that executes parallel 4 instructions. We designed an asynchronous ARM processor to prove the efficiency of the proposed pipeline architecture. We used SPEC2000 benchmark programs for evaluating the performance of the target processor. As a result, the proposed architecture showed about 2.3 times higher speed than the asynchronous counterpart, AMULET3i.