Inoculation Effect of Methylobacterium suomienseon Growth of Red Pepper under Different Levels of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers

Min-Kyoung Lee(이민경),Gil-Seung Lee(이길승),Woo-Jong Yim(임우종),In-Soo Hong(홍인수),Pitchai Palaniappan,Md. Ashaduzzaman Siddikee,Hari P. Deka Boruah,Munusamy Madhaiyan,Ki-Sup Ahn(안기섭),Tongmin Sa(사동민) 한국토양비료학회 2009 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.42 No.4

화학비료와 유기질비료를 시비 수준 및 Methylobacterium suomiense CBMB120의 접종이 고추 생육에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 유기질비료와 화학비료의 시비량을 권장시용수준의 100%, 75% 및 50%로 처리하고 Methylobacterium suomiense CBMB120을 접종 한 후 정식 후 19, 36, 및 166일에 작물의 높이를 측정하였으며 이식 후 166일에 건물량 측정하였다. 균주를 접종한 처리구의 식물체 높이는 정식 후 19, 36일에 각각 14.17%, 10.03% 증가하였다. 건물 중 역시 10.30%, 6.84% 증가하여 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내었다. 또한 균주 접종은 유기질 비료 100% 시용구는 36일 후 고도의 유의성(p<0.01)을 갖는 차이를 보였으며 화학 비료 100% 시용구는 19일 후 고도의 유의성(p<0.01)을 갖는 차이를 나타내었다. 화학비료 100% 시용구에 균주를 접종하지 않은 처리 구와 화학비료 75% 시용구에 균주를 접종한 처리구의 생육을 분석한 결과 유의성 있는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 향후 다양한 처리량 및 처리방법의 연구를 통하여 Methylobacterium suomiense CBMB120 균주의 접종이 화학비료를 일정 부분 감비 할 수 있다는 가능성을 시사한다. Use of plant growth promoting symbiotic and non-symbiotic free-living beneficial bacteria as external source of nitrogen is a major research concern for sustainable crop production in the 21st century. In view of this, an experiment was conducted under controlled conditions to determine the effects of inoculation with Methylobacterium suomiense CBMB120, a plant growth promoting (PGP) root and shoot colonizer on red pepper, for the purpose of reducing external chemical nitrogen fertilization. Amendments with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in the form of NPK were made at dosages of 50%, 75% and 100%, at 425 and 115 kg/ha-1 measurements. The soil type used was loam, with a pH of 5.13. The growth responses were measured as plant height at 19, 36 and 166 days after transplantation and final biomass production after 166 days. It was found that inoculation with M. suomiense CBMB120 promotes plant height increase during the active growth phase at 19 and 36 days by 14.17% and 10.03%, respectively. Thereafter, the bacteria inoculated plantlets showed canopy size increment. A highly significant inoculation effect on plant height at p<0.01 level was found for 100% level of organic matter and chemical amendment in red pepper plantlets after 36 days and 19 days from transplantation. Furthermore, there was a significantly higher (10.30% and 6.84%) dry biomass accumulation in M. suomiense CBMB120 inoculated plants compared to un-inoculated ones. A 25% reduction in the application of chemical nitrogen can be inferred with inoculation of M. suomiense CBMB120 at with comparable results to that of 100% chemical fertilization alone. Enumeration of total bacteria in rhizosphere soil confirms that the introduced bacteria can multiply along ther hizosphere soil. Large scale field study may lead to the development of M. suomiense CBMB120 as an efficient biofertilizer.

Novel Balance Tests for Assessing Functional Ankle Instability: Relationships with BMI and Gender

여의동,김승주,임홍철,황명회,박세현,김학준,Patankar, Harshad P.,Yeo, Eui-Dong,Kim, Seung-Joo,Lim, Hong-Chul,Hwang, Myong-Hoi,Park, Se-Hyun,Kim, Hak-Jun 대한족부족관절학회 2012 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Purpose: To design novel balance tests to assess FAI and evaluate whether these tests are affected by BMI or gender, with the goal of developing reliable FAI assessment tests that are not influenced by these factors. Materials and Methods: Participants included 20 young, healthy volunteers, 12 males and 8 females, with a mean age of $24{\pm}4$ years and a mean BMI of $23{\pm}2.28$. None of the subjects had known ankle instability. The following tests were assessed in each participant: single leg balance (SLB), percentage of leg press (PLP), single leg cycling (SLC), one leg squat (OLS), multiple direction reach-front/back/side (MDR-F/B/S), single leg hop (SLH), two leg jump (TLJ) and side step (SS). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 software program with ANOVA and t-test used. Results: When grouped by BMI, we found that despite differences in BMI, the performances of all subjects were equivalent except for the one-leg-squat test, for which the mean ratios for underweight ($1.69{\pm}0$), normal weight ($1.05{\pm}0.19$), and overweight ($0.93{\pm}0.30$) individuals were significantly different (p=0.02); ratios for SLB (p=0.273), SLC (p=0.903), PLP (p=0.664), MDR-F/B/S (p=0.498, 0.908, and 0.503, respectively), SLH (p=0.332) were not significantly different. When calculated according to gender, we found that the OLS (p=0.013) and MDRS (p=0.034) were significantly different, while parameters for all the remaining tests were not affected. Conclusion: We found that the SLB, PLP, SLC, MDR-F/B, and SLH ratios were unaffected by BMI or sex and, therefore, are reliable parameters for assessing ankle instability.

Identification of sterols from the soft coral <i>Dendronephthya gigantea</i> and their anti-inflammatory potential

Fernando, I.P.Shanura,Sanjeewa, K.K.Asanka,Kim, Hyun-Soo,Kim, Seo-Young,Lee, Seung-Hong,Lee, Won Woo,Jeon, You-Jin Elsevier 2017 Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Vol.55 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Exploration of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals has received tremendous attention worldwide owing to the rapid increase in inflammatory diseases. Current study reveals the identification of eight 3β-hydroxy-Δ<SUP>5</SUP>-steroidal congeners from a nonpolar column fraction of the ethanol solubles from the soft coral <I>Dendronephthya gigantea</I> collected from Jeju Island South Korea, using GC–MS/MS analysis. The sterol-rich fraction (DGEH21) showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity as exhibited by the inhibition of NO production (IC<SUB>50</SUB> 4.33±0.50μg/mL) and PGE<SUB>2</SUB> production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. It also suppressed the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, DGEH21 effectively downregulated the expression levels of iNOS, and COX-2 and reduced NO and ROS production as well as cell death in LPS-stimulated <I>in-vivo</I> zebrafish embryo model. However, DGEH21 at relatively high concentrations indicated cytotoxicity in both RAW cells and zebrafish embryos with RAW cell viability being nearly 80% after treatment with 25μg/mL DGEH21. This study highlights the synergistic anti-inflammatory activity of several steroids found in <I>D. gigantea</I>. Their actions may be useful in the development of anti-inflammatory cosmeceuticals, pharmaceutical agents, and other consumer products.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Eight 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroidal congeners were identified from the <I>Dendronephthya gigantea</I>. </LI> <LI> Synergistically the sterols indicated a profound anti-inflammatory potential in LPS-induced RAW cells. </LI> <LI> Sterols downregulated inflammatory mediators in LPS-induced RAW cells. </LI> <LI> Indicated anti-inflammatory effects in in vivo LPS-induced zebra fish model. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Harvesting near- and far-field plasmonic enhancements from large size gold nanoparticles for improved performance in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells

Shin, Jongmoon,Song, Myungkwan,Hafeez, Hassan,Jeusraj, P. Justin,Kim, Dong Hyun,Lee, Jong Chan,Lee, Won Ho,Choi, Dae Keun,Kim, Chul Hoon,Bae, Tae-Sung,Yu, Seung Min,Kim, Kyoung-Ho,Park, Hong-Gyu,Chung Elsevier 2019 ORGANIC ELECTRONICS Vol.66 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The high stability and strong coupling nature of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) than other metal counter parts have attracted the solar cell industry to pursue enhanced performances. Herein, we report on the improved performance of polymer bulk hetero-junction (BHJ) solar cells by the incorporation of large-size Au-NPs in the hole transport layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). To examine the reproducibility of the enhancement parameters, two different donor photoactive materials have been adapted and the role of larger-size (>70 nm, i.e. 71, 80, 87, 103 nm) Au-NPs in BHJ solar cells have been studied extensively. Significantly, when employing Au-NPs smaller than 80 nm, near-field coupling (localized surface plasmon resonance; LSPR) was prevalent, while the infusion of Au-NPs with sizes greater than 87 nm resulted in far-field scattering enhancement as the dominant effect, which was clearly determined using time resolved photo luminescence studies. The superior power conversion efficiency of 5.35% and 8.58% was achieved with PBDTTT-C: PC<SUB>61</SUB>BM and PTB7: PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM BHJs respectively, by employing 87 nm Au-NPs due to the balanced contribution of near- and far-field plasmonic effects, improved vertical coverage and better interfacial properties. This study illustrates that 87 nm Au-NPs is the maximum size to attain the improved efficiency, above which the rate of enhancement reduces dramatically.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Plasmonic enhancement in organic solar cells by gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). </LI> <LI> Au-NPs with 71 and 80 nm shows dominant near-field enhancement. </LI> <LI> Au-NPs with 87 and 103 nm shows dominant far-field scattering enhancement. </LI> <LI> Improved vertical coverage and work function also reason for improved performances. </LI> <LI> 87 nm Au-NPs demonstrated the optimum condition of near- and far-field enhancements. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of Stigmast-5-en-3-ol from <i>Dendronephthya gigantea</i> on human leukemia HL-60 and human breast cancer MCF-7 cells

Fernando, I.P. Shanura,Sanjeewa, K.K. Asanka,Ann, Yong-Seok,Ko, Chang-ik,Lee, Seung-Hong,Lee, Won Woo,Jeon, You-Jin Elsevier 2018 Toxicology in vitro Vol.52 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The genus <I>Dendronephthya</I> encompasses marine soft corals that produce a wide spectrum of biofunctional terpenoids. Anticancer properties of these metabolites are widely exploited as potential chemotherapeutic agents. The present study reports the purification and isolation of a potential antiproliferative constituent, stigmast-5-en-3-ol from the 70% ethanol extract of the soft coral <I>Dendronephthya gigantea</I>. Among several other 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroidal congeners, stigmast-5-en-3-ol indicated prominent antiproliferative effects on HL-60 (leukemia) and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines with IC<SUB>50</SUB> values of 37.82 and 45.17 μg/ml respectively. Stigmast-5-en-3-ol increased apoptotic body formation, accumulation of sub G1 apoptotic cells, and DNA damage in HL-60 and MCF-7 cells. It increased the expression of Bax, caspases, and PARP cleavage while decreasing Bcl-xL levels in both cancer cell lines indicating that the effects are arbitrated via the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. Steroidal derivatives were identified by GC MS/MS and the identity of stigmast-5-en-3-ol was confirmed by NMR spectra. The present study suggests that stigmast-5-en-3-ol could be a promising candidate for anticancer drug research.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Stigmast-5-en-3-ol was isolated from a sterol rich fraction of <I>Dendronephthya gigantea</I>. </LI> <LI> Stigmast-5-en-3-ol decreased HL-60 and MCF-7 cancer cell proliferation. </LI> <LI> Stigmast-5-en-3-ol induced apoptosis via mitochondria-mediated pathway. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Thin film composite reverse osmosis membranes prepared via layered interfacial polymerization

Choi, Wansuk,Jeon, Sungkwon,Kwon, Soon Jin,Park, Hosik,Park, You-In,Nam, Seung-Eun,Lee, Pyung Soo,Lee, Jong Suk,Choi, Jongmoon,Hong, Seungkwan,Chan, Edwin P.,Lee, Jung-Hyun Elsevier 2017 Journal of membrane science Vol.527 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Reverse osmosis (RO) process using a thin-film composite (TFC) membrane is a current leading technology for water desalination. The polyamide permselective layer of the TFC membrane enables salt retention and water permeation, with the ultimate goal of minimizing the permselective layer thickness for maximum energy efficiency. Yet this drive towards reducing the permselective layer thickness is greatly handicapped by the interfacial polymerization (IP) approach used to fabricate TFC membranes. We present layered interfacial polymerization (LIP) as a new paradigm for fabricating TFC membranes with unprecedented nanoscale control in the permselective layer thickness and smoothness, coupled with the advantage of industrial scale manufacturability. Membranes fabricated using LIP demonstrated high NaCl rejection necessary for water desalination, with water permeance ≈ 86% and permselectivity ≈ 450% greater than that of the membranes prepared using conventional IP and comparable water permeance and permselectivity ≈ 17% higher than that of commercial RO membranes. In addition, the unique smooth morphology of the LIP-assembled membrane surface enabled to mitigate the membrane fouling compared to the characteristic rough surface of the conventional IP-assembled membrane.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PA TFC RO membrane is fabricated via layered interfacial polymerization (LIP). </LI> <LI> LIP enables nanoscale and independent property control with process simplicity. </LI> <LI> LIP membrane has permselectivity greater than both commercial and control membranes. </LI> <LI> LIP membrane exhibits lower fouling property than the conventional control membrane. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Laser-Induced Hydrothermal Growth of Heterogeneous Metal-Oxide Nanowire on Flexible Substrate by Laser Absorption Layer Design

Yeo, Junyeob,Hong, Sukjoon,Kim, Gunho,Lee, Habeom,Suh, Young Duk,Park, Inkyu,Grigoropoulos, Costas P.,Ko, Seung Hwan American Chemical Society 2015 ACS NANO Vol.9 No.6

<P>Recent development of laser-induced hydrothermal growth enabled direct digital growth of ZnO nanowire array at an arbitrary position even on 3D structures by creating a localized temperature field through a photothermal reaction in liquid environment. However, its spatial size was generally limited by the size of the focused laser spot and the thermal diffusion, and the target material has been limited to ZnO. In this paper, we demonstrated a next generation laser-induced hydrothermal growth method to grow nanowire on a selected area that is even smaller than the laser focus size by designing laser absorption layer. The control of laser-induced temperature field was achieved through adjusting the physical properties of the substrate (dimension and thermal conductivity), and it enabled a successful synthesis of smaller nanowire array without changing any complex optics. Through precise localized temperature control with laser, this approach could be extended to various nanowires including ZnO and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanowires even on heat sensitive polymer substrate.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2015/ancac3.2015.9.issue-6/acsnano.5b01125/production/images/medium/nn-2015-01125s_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn5b01125'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Integrated assessment of persistent toxic substances in sediments from Masan Bay, South Korea: Comparison between 1998 and 2014

Lee, Junghyun,Hong, Seongjin,Kwon, Bong-Oh,Cha, Seung Ah,Jeong, Hee-Dong,Chang, Won Keun,Ryu, Jongseong,Giesy, John P.,Khim, Jong Seong Elsevier 2018 Environmental pollution Vol.238 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Complexity of anthropogenic influences on coastal ecosystems necessitates use of an integrated assessment strategy for effective interpretation and subsequent management. In this study a multiple lines of evidence (LOE) approach for sediment assessment, that combined use of chemistry, toxicity, and benthic community structure in the sediment quality triad was used to assess spatiotemporal changes and potential risks of persistent toxic substances (PTSs) in sediments of Masan Bay highlighting “long-term changes” between 1998 and 2014. Specific target objectives encompassed sedimentary PTSs (PAHs, alkylphenols (APs), and styrene oligomers), potential aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR; H4IIE-<I>luc</I> assay)- and estrogen receptor (ER; MVLN assay)-mediated activities, and finally several ecological quality (EcoQ) indices of benthic community structure. Concentrations of target PTSs in Masan Bay sediments were generally less by half in 2014 compared to those measured in 1998. Second, AhR-mediated potencies in sediments also decreased during this time interval, whereas ER-mediated potencies increased (+3790%), indicating that there has been substantial ongoing, input of ER agonists over the past 16 years. Potency balance analysis revealed that only 3% and 22% of the AhR- and ER-mediated potencies could be explained by identified known chemicals, such as PAHs and APs, respectively. This result indicated that non-targeted AhR and ER agonists had a considerable presence in the sediments over time. Third, EcoQ indices tended to reflect PTSs contamination in the region. Finally, ratio-to-mean values obtained from the aforementioned three LOEs indicated that quality of sediments from the outer region of the bay had recovery more during the period of 16-years than did the inner region. Overall, the results showed that even with the progress supported by recent efforts from the Korean governmental pollution control, PTSs remain a threat to local ecosystem, especially in the inner region of Masan Bay.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Wurtzite CZTS nanocrystals and phase evolution to kesterite thin film for solar energy harvesting

Ghorpade, Uma V.,Suryawanshi, Mahesh P.,Shin, Seung Wook,Hong, Chang Woo,Kim, Inyoung,Moon, Jong H.,Yun, Jae Ho,Kim, Jin Hyeok,Kolekar, Sanjay S. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.17 No.30

<P>A quaternary indium- and gallium-free kesterite (KS)-based compound, copper zinc tin sulfide (Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSnS<SUB>4</SUB>, CZTS), has received significant attention for its potential applications in low cost and sustainable solar cells. It is well known that the reaction time, reactivity of the precursors, and types of capping ligands used during the synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) strongly influence the crystallographic phase of the NCs. In this research, a non-toxic and green synthetic strategy for both the synthesis of CZTS NCs and the fabrication of a highly efficient CZTS absorber layers using an ink formulation without a toxic solvent, which meets the comprehensive framework for green chemistry that covers major aspects of the environmental strain, is demonstrated. In particular, pure metastable wurtzite (WZ) CZTS NCs are synthesized using the environmentally harmless, polyol mediated hot-injection (HI) technique at a low reaction temperature. The influence of the reaction time on the properties of the CZTS NCs is investigated in detail. Based on detailed reaction time dependent phase evolution, a possible growth and formation mechanism is proposed. Furthermore, a scalable, low cost, binder free ink formulation process without ligand exchange is developed using ethanol as the dispersal solvent. The as-prepared WZ-derived CZTS NC thin films are observed to undergo a phase transformation to KS during annealing in a sulfur vapor atmosphere <I>via</I> rapid thermal annealing above 500 °C, and surprisingly, this process results in fully sintered, compact and uniform CZTS thin films with large sized grains. The best solar cell device fabricated using a CZTS absorber that was sulfurized at an optimized temperature exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 2.44%, which is the highest efficiency obtained using the polyol-based HI route.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A quaternary indium- and gallium-free kesterite (KS)-based compound, copper zinc tin sulfide (Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSnS<SUB>4</SUB>, CZTS), has received significant attention for its potential applications in low cost and sustainable solar cells. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5cp02007g'> </P>

Hierarchical weeping willow nano-tree growth and effect of branching on dye-sensitized solar cell efficiency

Herman, Indria,Yeo, Junyeob,Hong, Sukjoon,Lee, Daeho,Nam, Koo Hyun,Choi, Jun-ho,Hong, Won-hwa,Lee, Dongjin,Grigoropoulos, Costas P,Ko, Seung Hwan IOP Pub 2012 Nanotechnology Vol.23 No.19

<P>In this paper we have demonstrated the simple, low cost, low temperature, hydrothermal growth of weeping willow ZnO nano-trees with very long branches to realize high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We also discuss the effects of branching on solar cell efficiency. By introducing branched growth on the backbone ZnO nanowires (NWs), the short circuit current density and the overall light conversion efficiency of the branched ZnO NW DSSCs increased to almost four times that for vertically grown ZnO NWs. The efficiency increase is attributed to the increase in surface area for higher dye loading and light harvesting and also to reduced charge recombination through direct conduction along the crystalline ZnO branches. As the length of the branches increased, the branches became flaccid and the increase in solar cell efficiency slowed down because the effective surface area increase was hindered by branch bundling during the drying process and subsequent decrease in the dye loading.</P>