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IMPATT 다이오드를 이용한 밀리미터波 發振器의 安定化에 관한 硏究
오승협,宋明善,金信基 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1986 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.1 No.1
A Ka-band oscillator is realized by use of a packaged Si DDR IMPATT diode and a waveguide mounting structure. The diode is positioned in a radial disk cavity that is housed in a Ka-band waveguide. The equivalent circuit for radial transmission lines is studied following Khan's approach. The circuit can be used to obtain theoretically oscillating frequencies of the realized oscillator together with the antenna analysis at the disk edge which is not included in this work. The oscillation frequency of the realized oscillator lies between 31GHz and 42GHz. The maximum output power is observed to be 305mW at 35.5 GHz, where the power efficiency is 4.3%. The shift of the oscillation frequency is in the range of 3MHz per hour.
윤병식,양승한,김영호,김용식,양동순 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.24 No.4
국내 원자력발전소의 Class1과 Class2 배관검사에 적용할 수 있는 초음파탐상 검사자, 장비 그리고 절차서에 대한 한국형 기량검증(KPD) 시스템을 구축하였다. PD 방법을 적용한 검사결과와 전통적인 dB-drop 방법을 이용한 검사결과를 상호 비교하기 위하여 Round Robin Test(RRT)를 수행하였다. RRT 결과는 PD 방법의 신뢰성이 dB Drop 방법보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로부터 원자력발전소 가동중검사에 PD 방법을 적용함으로써 초음파탐상검사 결과의 신뢰성이 더욱 향상될 것으로 기대된다. The Korean Performance Demonstration(KPD) System for the ultrasonic testing personnel, equipments and procedures applicable to the Class 1 and 2 piping examination for nuclear power plant in Korean has been established. A round robin test was conducted in order to compare the examination results by the method of Performance Demonstration(PD) with the traditional dB-drop method. As a result, adoption of the PD method to the in-service inspection of the nuclear power plants will improve the reliability of the ultrasonic test results.
이장준,이승환,이형,김지언,임정근,손은익,이상도,박영춘 계명대학교 의과학연구소 2000 계명의대학술지 Vol.19 No.1
Background and Objectives : Several speech manifestation are observed in temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE). We studied the frequency of ictal speech manifestations and their localizing and lateralizing value in TLE. Methods : We reviewed 379 seizures recorded on videotape in 135 patients who underwent temporal lobectomy for intractable TLE. We divided patients into group A(n=75) who became seizures free after surgery, and group B(n=60) who were only slightly benefited or unchanged after surgery. Speech manifestations were classified as normal speech, vocalization, or abnormal speech. Abnormal speech was subdivided into speech arrest, dysarthria, dysphasia, or nonidentifiable speech. Results : Speech manifestations occurred in 70(18.5%) seizures of 28 patients. Forty eight seizures of 20 patients were observed in group A, and 22 seizures of 8 patients were observed in group B. In group A, 25 seizures of 11 patients were originating from dominant hemisphere, 23 seizures of 9 patients from nondominant hemisphere. In group B, 13 seizures of 5 patients were originating from dominant hemisphere, and 9 seizures in Lt. side and 6 seizures in Rt. side, respectively) of group A(P>0.05), and eleven seizures of 4 patients(8 seizures from Lt. side and 3 seizure from Rt. side) in group B(P>0.05). Normal speech was observed only seizures from Rt. side in both groups(3 seizures in 1 patient, each group). Dysphasia occurred only in seizures originating from Lt. side. Nonidentifiable speech occurred in 22 seizures of 9 patients(11 seizures from each side) in group A(P<0.01), and 3 seizures of 1 patient occurred only from Lt. side in group B. Conclusion : Ictal speech manifestations were not uncommon(18.5%). All kinds of ictal speech manifestations except normal speech have no reliable lateralizing and localizing value in TLE. Normal speech could be a good indicator of seizure originating from nondominant hemisphere.
學校周邊 道路交通 騷音과 學生 聽感反應과의 相關關係 硏究
김종수,최동훈,박진식,김석택,김장호,서정민 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 硏究報告 Vol.20 No.2
For my thesis I have analyzed the differences between the traffic noise level surrounding the schools and the perceived level of noise. I have used the ways of measurement and questionnaires to support my study. According to the analysis, the measured noise level was higher than the expected noise level. The equivalent noise level was proven to be higher when the windows of the classrooms were open. The noise level was also higher on the third floor than the first floor. The correlation between the measured noise level and the perceived level of noise was tested in each school. The school which had a higher expected noise level showed a high perceived level of noise. The measured noise level and the perceived level of noise became larger on the higher floors. Through the questionnaires, the traffic noises were proven to be the largest noise-making source surrounding the schools. Most of the students replied on the questionnaires that they have been consistently bothered by the noise. It interfered with their studies and concentration. Also, the sound of their voices became louder because of the noise around their schools. Therefore, I have come to the conclusion that the traffic noises that surround the schools give the students negative influences.
Long-acting interferon: pioneering disease modification of myeloproliferative neoplasms
Seug Yun Yoon,Sung-Yong Kim 대한내과학회 2023 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.38 No.6
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem cells. The malignant clones produce cytokines that drive self-perpetuating inflammatory responses and tend to transform into more aggressive clones, leading to disease progression. The progression of MPNs follows a biological sequence from the early phases of malignancy, polycythemia vera, and essential thrombocythemia, to advanced myelofibrosis and leukemic transformation. To date, the treatment of MPNs has focused on preventing thrombosis by decreasing blood cell counts and relieving disease-related symptoms. However, interferon (IFN) has been used to treat MPNs because of its ability to attack cancer cells directly and modulate the immune system. IFN also has the potential to modulate diseases by inhibiting JAK2 mutations, and recent studies have demonstrated clinical and molecular improvements. Long-acting IFN is administered less frequently and has fewer adverse effects than conventional IFN. The current state of research on long-acting IFN in patients with MPNs is discussed, along with future directions.
윤석희 ( Seug Hee Yoon ) 한국해법학회 2014 韓國海法學會誌 Vol.36 No.1
해상화물운송인의 책임범위에 관한 최초의 조약인 1924년 헤이그 규칙, 미국의 해상화물운송법(일명 COGSA), 1968년 헤이그·비스비 규칙은 운송인이 발행하는 선하증권 이면약관의 지상약관으로서 여전히 유효하다. 그러나 위 헤이그 규칙상 운송인의 책임한도의 기준인 gold value는 국가 별로 달리 해석하고 있고, 미국 해상화물운송법상 포장의 개념과 범위, 관습적 운임단위 등도 미국 항소법원에 따라 다르게 해석한다. 이에 필자로서는 위 지상약관상의 운송인의 책임제한 법리의 중심개념에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 즉, 1) 헤이그 규칙 제4조 제5항과 제9조 소정의 gold value의 의미에 대해, 영국의 Rosa S 판결(1988)은 헤이그 규칙 제정시의 금 가치에 상응하는 현재의 가치를 책임범위의 기준으로 판시 하였고, 호주, 캐나다 등도 위 견해를 따르고 있다. 우리는 하급심에서 이와 상반된 결론을 내린 바 있으나 현재도 영국 판결이 유효한 것을 감안하면, 위 해석을 재조명해 볼 필요가 있다고 사료된다. 2) 미국 해상화물 운송법 상의 ‘포장’에 대해 다수의 항소법원(2, 11, 5)은 화물의 규모, 형태, 중량과 관계없이 화물운송 내지 취급을 용이하기 위한 것으로 화물을 반드시 감추거나 완벽하게 에워싸는 것을 의미하는 것은 아니라고 판단하나, 제9항소법원은 일반적인 의미로서 단지 bolt나 skid로 조여진 화물은 포장된 화물이 아니라고 판단한다. 포장의 기준 또한 선하증권상의 표면뿐 아니라 다른 관련서류(부두수령증, 송장 등)에 의하기도 한다. 컨테이너 화물의 경우, 내부의 소포장(carton 등)을 기준하나, 만일 포장을 명기하지 않고 화물자체나 수량을 기재한 경우(plant, piece 등) 컨테이너 자체를 하나의 포장이라고 판단하기도 한다. 소포장(carton)을 한 위에 다시 대 포장(pallet)한 경우 소포장을 기준으로 하며, 포장으로 선적되지 않은 화물에 적용되는 관습적 운임단위는 운임의 계산단위로 당사자 사이에 관습적으로 사용되는 화물의 수량, 중량, 면적단위를 의미한다. 각국의 노력으로, 2009. 9. 23. 화물의 국제해상운송을 위한 계약에 관한 조약인 일명 로테르담 규칙이 서명되기는 하였으나, 발효되지 못한 현재 시점에서 여전히 미국 해상화물운송법에 대한 미국법원의 이론과 판례는 위 법을 해석하여야 하는 우리 법 체계하에서도 검토될 분야라 사료된다. 또한 향후 위와 같은 지상약관과 준거법약관 사이의 충돌 및 적용범위에 관해서도 외국 및 국내의 견해를 심층 분석, 연구할 필요가 있다고 본다. 활발한 논의와 발전을 기대해 본다. The Hague Rules 1924, which is the first international convention on the extent of ocean carrier`s liability, the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (“COGSA”) of the United States, and the Hague. Visby Rules 1968 are still effective as the paramount clause in the bill of lading issued by the carrier. However, the meaning of “gold value”, which is the monetary unit used in liability limitation under the Hague Rules, is interpreted in different way under legal system of countries. Also, the interpretation of U.S. Courts on the meaning and extent of “package” and “customary freight unit” under the COGSA has differed among U.S. Circuit courts. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the core legal concept in the paramount clause mentioned above that limits carrier`s liability. 1) With respect to the meaning of “gold value” under Article IV(5) and IX of the Hague Rules, in Rosa S (1988) decision by the U.K. Court, the Court held that the gold value to be used in the liability limitation is the current value equivalent to the gold value at the time of legislating the Hague Rules. The Courts in Australia, Canada, etc. also followed the decision by the U.K. Court. The lower court in Korea rendered an opposite decision, but this interpretation of the law needs to be re-evaluated considering that the U.K. decision is still valid. 2) With respect to the meaning of “package”, majority (the Second, Eleventh and Fifth Circuit) interpreted it as measures to facilitate transportation or protect the cargo regardless of cargo`s size, shape or weight and found that it does not have to completely conceal or surround the cargo, but the 9th Circuit held that cargo bolted to skid is not package in its plain meaning. Also, package can be determined documents other than bill of lading such as dock receipt or invoice. As for containerized cargo, small package (e.g carton) inside the container is often considered as package, but in some cases, the Court held a container itself as a package when package was not clearly stated but the cargo itself or number of the cargo such as plant or piece was used. Where a smaller unit such as carton is inside a larger unit such as pallet, the smaller unit is considered package. Customary freight unit, which is applied to cargo not shipped in packages, means the unit of quantity, weight or measurement of the cargo customarily used as the basis for the calculation of the freight rate to be charged. Even though The Rotterdam Rules was signed on September 23, 2009 based upon effort of several countries, the rules is still not in force. Therefore, in present, the rationales and court decisions in the United States concerning COGSA is worth the review by the Korean Court with respect to the interpretation of the law, and various discussion as well as development in this area of law is expected. In addition, further in depth analysis and study on the above conflict between the Paramount Clause and Governing Law Clause and their extent of application will be necessary. Active discussion and development on this issue is also expected.
분무열 분해법으로 성장한 Ca doped TiO2의 구조특성에 관한 연구
이승호 ( Seug Ho Lee ),정병현 ( Byung Hyun Jeong ) 조선대학교 치의학연구원 2010 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.34 No.1
TiO2 films were deposited onto the glass substrates by means of spray pyrolysis. The structural properties of TiO2 films have been studied using XRD, SEM, and EDS. The TiO2 films prepared with substrate temperature of 450℃ were identified as tetragonal structure of TiO2 films with (101) preferred orientation. X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis revealed that TiO2 films have a tetragonal structure. Upon annealing at 600℃ for 2 h in an ambient air, these film became polycrystalline. TiO2 films doped with calcium had a same type of structural property with TiO2 film as (101), (004), (200) peaks of XRD pattern didn`t have any change based on the XRD pattern Intensity.
윤석희 ( Seug Hee Yoon ) 한국해법학회 2004 韓國海法學會誌 Vol.26 No.2
Today, it is generally recognized as commercial custom that most containers are stowed on deck of the containership. However, it is questionable what extent carrier is liable for damage sustained to cargo since the on-deck stowage is still a cause increasing the risk of ocean shipping carriage. When a vessel inexcusably (and thus, unreasonably) departs from its customary trade-route, or is unreasonably delayed in its voyage, a breach of contract occurs, ousting the carrier`s limitation, and thereby make the carrier, in effect, the insurer of the cargo.? Similarly, when the cargo is shipped on-deck without authorization, sometimes called quasi-deviations, the carrier is liable for full damage to cargo.? The U. S. courts have extended the doctrine of deviation to non-geographical breaches of the contract of carriage(i. e. Unreasonable Deviation doctrine). However, after the advent of Containerization, courts have held that the on-deck stowage of containers on a vessel specifically designed and equipped for such carriage, though constituting a deviation, is reasonable and does not preclude COGSA`s limitation of liability. It is still disputed whether on-deck stowage of containers would considerably decrease risk of ocean voyage. In this regard, some U. S. courts apply again the unreasonable deviation doctrine in case of open type containers(i. e. open-top, and flat-rack, etc), and the carriers would not be allowed to invoke the package? limitation in such cases.? The purpose of this paper is to review the Hague Rules, U. S. COGSA, the U. S. and Korean Courts` decisions regarding on-deck carriage of containers, in particular the extent of carrier`s liability, for the balance between cargo-owing interests and carrier interests