Effect of Bath Life of Ni(P) on the Brittle-Fracture Behavior of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu/ENIG

Seo, W.,Kim, K. H.,Bang, J. H.,Kim, M. S.,Yoo, S. Springer Science + Business Media 2014 Journal of electronic materials Vol.43 No.12

Product opportunity identification based on internal capabilities using text mining and association rule mining

Seo, W.,Yoon, J.,Park, H.,Coh, B.y.,Lee, J.M.,Kwon, O.J. American Elsevier 2016 TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE Vol.105 No.-

Identifying new product opportunities must be a prerequisite for a firm's sustainable growth since it can help create new market segments. In this regard, a number of studies have attempted to suggest systematic methods to discover new technological opportunities. However, from these methods, it is difficult to figure out which products can come into the market as a result of the technological opportunities. Moreover, they have tried to measure generic potential values without considering a specific target firm so it is hard to judge whether the discovered opportunities are technically feasible to the target firm. These problems tend to reduce the practicality of the discovered technological opportunities. Therefore, this paper proposes a systematic approach to identify potential product opportunities by reflecting the target firm's internal capabilities. The capabilities are inherently unobservable so we need to figure out substitutes for the firm's capabilities. The existing products belonging to a firm can be generally a basis for developing new products. The firm is already good at dealing with the existing products so we consider the firm's existing product portfolios its internal capabilities. We first extract product information from patent database using text mining technique, and then generate product connection rules represented as directed pairs of products. Finally, we evaluate potential value of product opportunities taking into account a firm's internal capabilities. An empirical study is conducted to show the applicability of the presented approach using patents granted in the United States Patent and Trademark Office during 2009 and 2013. We expect that our approach can facilitate product-oriented R&D by presenting a front-end model for new product development and deriving feasible product opportunities according to the target firm's internal capabilities. Moreover, the presented systematic approach can be a basis for an R&D planning system that can help R&D planners in performing product-oriented technology planning activities.

Effect of Ni-P Plating Temperature on Growth of Interfacial Intermetallic Compound in Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold/Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Joints

Seo, W.,Kim, K. H.,Kim, Y. H.,Yoo, S. Springer Science + Business Media 2018 Journal of electronic materials Vol.47 No.1

A Prototype Information System for Tuberculosis Patients

Seow Hoon Saw,Kok Boon Chong,Seow Hui Saw 대한전자공학회 2019 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.8 No.6

Tuberculosis (TB) causes millions of deaths every year globally. The contributing factors are delayed presentation of signs and symptoms, inaccurate diagnosis, and postponement of treatment. It is worsened by the lack of a competent information system to manage TB clinical and laboratory data of the patients. Despite the common usage of information systems in the hospital setup, their importance in TB control has only recently been recognized. An effective system for TB patient data is still needed to ease inter-facility communication. The goal of such a system is to rapidly report on and detect infections or outbreaks, as well as to plan interventions. This paper demonstrates development of a paperless prototype information system that collects, stores, and manages information on TB patients, and delivers it between clinics, radiology departments, and diagnosis laboratories. This green system is environmentally friendly because all documentation is digitized. In addition, the use of automation minimizes human error.

Warm water irrigation is useful for the identification of a bleeding colonic diverticulum

Isaac Seow-En,Francis Seow-Choen 대한소화기내시경학회 2023 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.56 No.5

BRIEF REPORT

Will 3-D Printing Technology Change the Face of Copyright of Real Estate In Singapore?

( Seow Samuel ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2015 일감부동산법학 Vol.10 No.-

3-D 프린팅의 발명으로 인해 전 세계인들은 무엇이든지 프린터를 통해 생산할 수 있게 되었다. 이로 인해 지적 재산권과 부동산의 관계를 검토할 수 있는 기회가 마련되었다 할 수 있다. 3-D 프린팅으로 제조업의 `민주화`라는 것이 가능해지면서, 대중의 창의력을 북돋고 경제발전을 조성할 수 있는 막대한 가능성이 펼쳐지게 되었다. 3-D 프린팅 환경의 맥락에서 저작권 문제가 발생할 수 있는 것이 사실이지만, 이를 통해 설계공정과 제조공정 간의 거리가 더욱 좁혀질 수 있게 되었다. 3-D 프린팅 공정의 효율성을 제고한다면, 소량 생산의 경우에도 대량 생산의 효율성을 달성할 수 있게 된다는 점에서 업계에 완전히 새로운 기회를 제공할 수 있게 될 것이다. 저작권과 관련한 3-D 프린팅의 주요 문제는 기존의 시장에 대하여 독립적으로 광범위한 저작물의 사적 복제가 가능해지며, 이는 추적하거나, 방지 및 통제 불가한 방식으로 이루어질 것이라는 점이다. 저작권 침해의 원칙들을 다른 저작권 문제와 동일하게 3-D 프린팅에도 적용할 수 있지만, 저작권법이 3-D 디자인과 소프트웨어의 보호 범위를 어디까지로 할 것인지, 또 어떠한 행위가 침해를 구성하는지를 전부 규율하는 것은 아니다. 3-D 프린팅과 관련한 법적 쟁점의 해결을 도출하는 것은 용이하지 않다. 현 시점에서 3-D 프린팅에 관련된 흥미로운 문제점이 다양하게 발생하고 있다. 그러나 보통법(Common Law) 체계의 특성상 이러한 문제의 해결에 있어 3-D 프린팅을 직접 대상으로 하지 않는 판례에 기초하여 지침과 유사점을 도출해야 할 것이다. 결론적으로, 보다 명확한 법적 준거가 마련될 때까지는 국제 사회가 공동으로 3-D 프린팅 발전의 규범을 수립해 나가야 할 것이다. 3-D printing offers to the public the realistic possibility that anyone in the world with an access to a printer can produce any object. For this reason, it offers to the world an opportunity to examine the way we think about intellectual property and its relationship with real property. The so-called “democratization” of manufacturing that 3-D printing promises has a huge potential to unleash the creativity of the masses and foster economic growth. With all the copyright complications that may arise in the 3-D printing context, 3-D printing has the capability of bringing the design process and the manufacturing process closer together. A more efficient 3-D printing process would allow industry an opportunity it never had before, in that small-scale production can be as efficient as large scale production. The main problem with 3-D printing related to copyrights is the possibility of extensive personal manufacturing of copyrighted objects independent of established markets in ways that cannot be detected, prevented or controlled. Although the principle of copyright infringement apply to 3-D printing as they apply to other copyright issues, not all copyright laws are clear about the degree to which 3D designs and softwares are protectable and which act may constitute infringement. Many of the legal issues raise by 3-D printing do not have simple, easy answers. At this point, numerous interesting questions are starting to emerge concerning 3-D printing technology. However, the answers to these questions can only be provided by drawing guidance and analogies from cases that do not involve 3-D printing as the Common law system is wont to do. Ultimately, the burden is on the international community to set the norms on the development of 3-D printing until there is a better legal clarity.

Delineating inflammatory bowel disease through transcriptomic studies: current review of progress and evidence

Seow-Neng Chan,Eden Ngah Den Low,Raja Affendi Raja Ali,Norfilza Mohd Mokhtar 대한장연구학회 2018 Intestinal Research Vol.16 No.3

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which comprises of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is an idiopathic relapsing and remitting disease in which the interplay of different environment, microbial, immunological and genetic factors that attribute to the progression of the disease. Numerous studies have been conducted in multiple aspects including clinical, endoscopy and histopathology for the diagnostics and treatment of IBD. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the aetiology and pathogenesis of IBD is still poorly understood. This review tries to critically assess the scientific evidence at the transcriptomic level as it would help in the discovery of RNA molecules in tissues or serum between the healthy and diseased or different IBD subtypes. These molecular signatures could potentially serve as a reliable diagnostic or prognostic biomarker. Researchers have also embarked on the study of transcriptome to be utilized in targeted therapy. We focus on the evaluation and discussion related to the publications reporting the different approaches and techniques used in investigating the transcriptomic changes in IBD with the intention to offer new perspectives to the landscape of the disease.

Moving Mountains: Industrial and Environmental Transformations in the Rise and Recession of “China’s Detroit”

( Victor Seow ),( Hongyun Lyu ) 한국과학사학회 2021 한국과학사학회지 Vol.43 No.2

In this article, we examine the history of Shiyan, a city located in the midst of moun-tains that had once been a major center of China’s automobile industry and, in that capacity, a contender for the title of “China’s Detroit.” In particular, we focus on the interplay of environmental conditions and industrial aspirations that undergirded Shiyan’s rise and recession. We begin with the question of how a city built primarily for the manufacturing of automobiles, which of all the technologies of the twentieth century best represented mobility and access, came to be situated in such an inac-cessible place. The short answer to that question is that this was a confluence of Cold War concerns and strategic considerations. But we show how the emergence of this city involved the mobilization of considerable labor and materials under conditions of resource scarcity, which then had bearing on the shape that this urban space would take. But while the building of the city, like the building of cities in general, reshaped the surrounding environment, it would be less in its rise than in its recession that we witness the greatest environmental devastation, as mountains began to be leveled in hopes to creating industrial opportunities amid ongoing economic decline.

언해문(諺解文)을 활용한 『飜譯老乞大』와 『老乞大諺解』의 ‘時’ 구문(構文) 연구(硏究)

소열녕 ( Seow¸ Yuening ) 한국중국언어학회 2021 중국언어연구 Vol.- No.96

語言學界很早就有人發現近代漢語中的“時”字句能表示假設。這類用法見於元末明初的中國小説, 在朝鮮時代刊行的漢語教材裡亦頻繁出現。本文以≪翻譯老乞大≫和≪老乞大諺解≫爲研究對象, 利用其諺解文 (韓文譯文) 來分析“時”字句在韓語中的對譯情況, 借此考察當時的朝鮮譯官及其他漢語學習者是否準確掌握“時”字句的功能。筆者從漢文原文中一共找到199條帶“時”字結構的例句, 根據其韓文對譯進行分類、統計。結果發現, 這類譯文大致上可以分成三類:甲類表時間, 乙類表示假設或條件, 其餘的則列入丙類。三種“時”字句中, 乙類所占百分比最高, 在≪翻譯老乞大≫和≪老乞大諺解≫中分別為84.5%及85%。這顯示當時的朝鮮譯官能較好地掌握“時”字句表假設的功能, 沒有一律按照字面理解爲時間義。本文根據語法化程度, 將這三類的“時”進一步細分為五類, 分別是:“時₁”, 語法化程度最低, 用於表示時間的甲類;“時₂”, 語法化程度高於“時₁”, 可在已發生的事情被當作條件時使用;“時₃”, 比“時₂”更加虛化, 可用於表示現實的條件;“時₄”則比“時₃”更加語法化, 用來表示説話人的推測。以上“時₂”、“時₃”及“時₄”均屬於乙類。最後一個“時₅屬於丙類, 語法化程度最高, 既不表示時間, 也和假設、條件無關, 其功能較接近語氣詞。 Contrary to Modern Chinese, ‘shi’ (時) can be used in conditional statements in Early Mandarin. This usage is widely found in texts written during the Early Mandarin period, including Chinese textbooks published in Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. This paper studies the ‘shi’ (時) sentence in Beonyeok Nogeoldae (翻譯老乞大) and Nogeoldae Eonhae (老乞大諺解) by referring to the Korean translation text. There are 199 ‘shi’ sentences found from the Chinese original text. These sentences are then analyzed according to their Korean equivalents and divided into 3 categories. Category A is ‘shi’ that shows the time, while category B referred to ‘shi’ that shows conditions. ‘Shi’ sentences with other usage are included in category C. ‘Shi’ from category B which is used in conditional statements shows the highest percentage with 84.5% in Beonyeok Nogeoldae and 85% in Nogeoldae Eonhae. The ‘shi’s can also be divided into five stages to show their different level of grammaticalization. ‘Shi₁’ with the lowest level of grammaticalization, is one that is used to show the time. ‘Shi₂’ is more grammaticalized than ‘shi₁’ because it appears in sentences that refers to something that already happened. ‘Shi₃’ is used to show a ‘realistic condition’ while ‘shi₄’ expresses guessing. Finally ‘shi₅’ which is used directly after the noun phrase, seems to be the most grammaticalized one and is quite similar to a mood marker.

阿川文庫 『中華正音』 한국어 번역문에 나타난 漢音系 차용어

소열녕 ( Seow¸ Yuening ) 반교어문학회 2021 泮橋語文硏究 Vol.- No.58

이 논문은 아가와문고본(阿川文庫本) 『중화정음(中華正音)』의 한국어 번역문에 나타난 한음계(漢音系) 차용어를 연구하는 데에 목적을 둔다. 한음계 차용어는 한국한자음으로 읽히는 한자어와 달리 중국어의 구어에서 직접 차용된 단어들이다. 이런 단어들은 조선 시대에 간행된 많은 역학서(譯學書)에도 두루 나타난다. 문헌을 분석한 결과, ‘반’(辦), ‘□/□’(惱), ‘□강’(擡槓) 등 3개의 동사 어근과 ‘감투’(㔶頭), ‘디셜’(底下兒), ‘□/□’(吊), ‘반스’(辦事), ‘쇼쳔’(小錢), ‘양즈’(樣子), ‘쟝궤디’(掌櫃的), ‘쳔표’(錢票), ‘톄’(帖), ‘판즈’(盤子), ‘푼호쳔’(分毫錢), ‘피즈’(皮子), ‘피치’(皮氣/脾氣), ‘후’(壺) 등 14개의 명사를 합하여, 총 17개의 차용어를 발견하였고 이들에 대해 음운론적 설명으로 차용 사실을 입증하였다. 이 한음계 차용어들이 보인 특징은 다음 네 가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 지섭(止攝) 글자들의 운모(韻母)는 ‘ㅡ’로 표기된다. 둘째, 차용어에는 모음의 생략이 일어난다. 셋째, 한국한자음과 중국음이 섞여 있다. 그리고 넷째, 이전 시기의 역학서에서 볼 수 없는 특이한 이중모음(‘□’, ‘□’)과 삼중모음(‘□’, ‘□’) 표기가 보이는 것이다. The purpose of this paper is to study the Mandarin loanwords in Junghwa Jeongeum or Zhonghua Zhengyin (中華正音) from a Korean linguistic perspective. Junghwa Jeongeum is a handwritten Chinese conversation textbook in the late Joseon period. It consists of three parts: conversations written in Chinese, Chinese pronunciation written in Hangeul, and Korean translation of the Chinese texts. In this study, we use the version from the Agawa Collection (阿川文庫), University of Tokyo’s General Library to analyse its Korean translation. 17 Mandarin loanwords were found, whereby 3 of them were borrowed as verb roots, while the other 14 words were used as nouns. These Mandarin loanwords showed that: (1) Contrary to Sino-Korean (韓國漢字音), vowel of words that are from zhi rhyme(止攝) were written as ‘ㅡ’. (2) Vowel deletion occurred in some loanwords. (3) Some loanwords showed a mixture of Sino-Korean and Mandarin-borrowed sounds. (4) There are diphthongs like ‘□/□’ and triphthongs like ‘□/□’ which do not exists in the Korean sound system.