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역사학 고전 다시읽기 : 과거 속에서 현재를 보다 -부르크하르트의 『이탈리아 르네상스의 문화』-
최성철 ( Seong Cheo Choi ) 한국서양사학회 2013 西洋史論 Vol.0 No.117
The aim of this paper is first, to introduce the main concepts and contents of Jacob Burckhardt`s Die Kultur der Renaissance in Italien (1860), and then to review many “revisional” and critical views of the work, and finally to reappraise the work from a current perspective. The three main concepts of the Burckhardt`s Renaissance book are ``the development of individuals,`` ``the rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman cultures,`` and ``the discovery of human beings and the world.`` The revisionist and critical views that were raised two generations after the publication of Burckhardt`s book can be categorized into six tendencies: (1) Medievalists put the Renaissance back to the middle ages (8th century, 10th century, 12th century etc.). (2) Some scholars tried to find the genuine origin of the Renaissance in the mysticism of the middle ages (thoughts of Francis of Assisi). (3) Non-Italian (German) researchers sought to make it clear that the Renaissance lay in the national culture of the middle ages. (4) Even the idea that the Renaissance was identified with the Reformation was unfolded by some of them. (5) Other scholars such as Johan Huizinga asserted that the Renaissance was a succession of the medieval culture. (6) There were even scholars who denied either the creativity of the Renaissance culture or the term ``Renaissance`` itself. Thanks to these revisionist views there is today no one who accepts entirely Burckhardt`s ideas on the Renaissance. On the other hand, however, there has never been any academic achievement that surpassed or equaled Burckhardt`s work. These days the term ``Renaissance`` is still used widely in the academic and educational world. This very fact verifies the significance of Burckhardt`s classical work. Furthermore, the work has an extraordinary attraction for readers in respect that it abounds, unlike other classical works, in narrative. (Sogang University/historyscc@ hanmail.net)
김성철(Kim, Seong-cheo) 불교학연구회 2009 불교학연구 Vol.24 No.-
본고는 불교에서 이타주의의 기원과 전개과정을 포괄적으로 고찰하기 위한 시도의 하나다. 불교에서 이타주의는 대승불교 특히 후기 대승불교와 동아시아 불교에서 두드러지게 나타난다. 그러한 이타주의의 기원으로는 4무량심 중 비심의 재해석이 우선 지적될 수 있다. 그러나 불교의 이타주의는 단일한 기원을 갖는다기보다는 여러 요소가 상호작용하면서 발전해 나간 것으로 보인다. 그러한 요소 중 하나가 본고에서 다룰 ‘선업의 축적에 의한 성불론’이다. 본고에서는 재가적 기원을 갖는 것으로 보이는 ‘선업의 축적에 의한 성불론’의 발전과정을 초기불교로부터 초기대승불교 그리고 유가행파에 이르기까지 고찰하고자 한다. 초기불교에서 해탈을 얻기 위한 수행도는 번뇌를 끊는 것이 목적이며, 선업이든 악업이든 업에 관해서는 다루지 않는다. 한편 선업의 축적에 의해 해탈이나 열반, 성불까지 얻을 수 있다는 관념이 주로 재가지향의 문헌에서 나타나지만 그것이 그대로 주류불교의 수행도에 도입되지는 않았다. 『팔천송반야경』을 시작으로 하는 대승불교운동은 보편적 구제를 보살의 이상으로 하여, 선업의 축적을 이타행이라는 형태로 보살행속에 도입하였다. 그곳에서 새로운 문제, 즉 자신의 해탈인 자리와 유정의 성숙이라는 이타 중 무엇을 우선시 할 것인가 하는 문제가 발생한다. 『팔천송반야경』에는 자리를 우선으로 하는 입장과 양자의 균형을 잡으려는입장이 혼재되어 있고 완전히 해결되지 않은 채 남아있다. 『유마경』과 『대지도론』에서는 그 해결을 위해 선정바라밀을 확대하여 그 속에 이타행의 요소를 넣었지만, 실질적인 해결이라고는 말하기 힘든 신비적이로 이론적인 방법이었다. 『유가사지론』 <보살지>는 이러한 흐름을 받아들이면서도 새로운 시점에서 그 해결을 시도한다. 그것은 수행도 전체를 포함하도록 지계바라밀을 확대시켜 그 속에 자리와 이타를 계의 항목으로 도입하는 것이다. 이는 삼학 중에서 가장 하위단계인 계학에 선업의 축적을 통합시킨 것이나, 내용상으로는 계학이 정학과 혜학을 보함하는 형태로 확대된것이다. 게다가 그 항목은 다양한 경전이나 『자타카』에 나타난 재가적이거나 사회적인 이타행의 구체적 행위를 포함하고 있다. 이타주의가 정신적 성향이나 태도 수준을 넘어서 구체적인 행위의 지침으로 발전하는 지점이다. 이는 선업의 축적에 의한 성불이라는 관념을 수용하고, 또한 더 구체적인 수준에서 자리와 이타의 균형을 꾀하려는 시도의 결과다. 또한 이는 <보살지>가 출가를 우선으로 하면서도 극단을 피하여 재가적인 요소를 적극적으로 받아들인 융화적인 입장을 취했기 때문인 것으로 보인다. This article is one of the attempts for a comprehensive study on the origin and development of Buddhist altruism. Buddhist altruism is prominent in Mahayana Buddhism, especially in the later Mahayana Buddhism and East Asian Buddhism. It has been pointed that one of the origins of the Mahayanic altruism is the reinterpretation of the maitri of the four apramanas. It is needless to say that maitri is the origin of Mahayanic altruism, but it cannot be the only one source of Mahayanic altruism. Rather, an interactive development of several sources may be more plausible. 'Being-Buddha by accumulation of merit', which is treated in this article, is the other source of Mahayanic altruism. In this article, the process of the development of 'Being-Buddha by accumulation of merit' , which might be originated from layman, is investigated based on the texts of early Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism, and the early Yogacara Buddhism. The aim of the spiritual practice in early Buddhism was not the destruction of the karma, but the destruction of defilements. On one hand, there was the idea that nivana could be attained by accumulation of marit in the layman-oriented literatures, but did not be adopted in the mainstream Buddhist texts. On the other hand, Mayhayana Buddhism adopted the accumulation of merit as the form of the Bodhisattva's activity of universal salvation. Along with the adoption, however, a new problem appeared: the priority between detachment of oneself and caring for others. In the Asta, the two atandpoints were submitted but were not solved completely, One standpoint was a priority of detachment over the caring for others, the other one was a balaced but separate practice of detament and caring for others. In the VKN and the MPPU, dhyanaparamita was expanded to include caring for others, but it was a king of mystic approach. Thererfore, the tension of the two poles could not come to an end. BoBh tried to solve this problem in a new perspective: the expansion of silaparamita to encompass all the paramitas well-balancing datachment and caring for others. In the silapatala, adhicitta and adhiprajna were condensed to adhisila as the accumulation of merit. The items of the silaparamita were collected from Jataka and other sutras, which comprehended the concrete layman-oriented and social altruistic deeds BoBh accepted t he idea of "Being-Buddha by accumulation of merit" and developed it into a concrete level in order to balance datachment and caring for others.
최병남(Cheo, Byong Nam),전재한(Jeon, Jae Han),강성찬(Kang, Seong Chan) 대한공간정보학회 2017 대한공간정보학회지 Vol.25 No.3
현재 공간정보 3법의 기본계획 관련 규정과 각 기본계획 사항의 관계는 명확하지 않다. 이는 공간정보 3법에 의한 계획의 중복 및 누락, 시행의 비효율성 등의 문제를 유발할 수 있다. 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구는 각 계획 사이의 구조적 관계를 분석하여 다음과 같은 방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 각 계획의 부문 공통 사항 및 전략을 정책기본계획에 반영시키고, 부문별 고유 내용은 각 기본계획에 담는 수평적 연계방안을 도출하였다. 둘째, 기본계획-부문계획-시행계획 위계 사이에서 정합성을 확보하는 수직적 연계방안을 마련하였다. 셋째, 계획의 집행 성과를 평가하고 그 결과를 다음 계획수립에 환류 시키는 순환체계를 제안하였다. 넷째, 이상의 제안을 실현하기 위해 공통의 목적과 전략을 기본법에 규정하고, 각 고유분야 목적 달성을 위한 계획내용을 각 법에 규정하는 방안을 제시하였다. Relationships among regulations of the current three laws and items for each master plan on geospatial information are not clearly connected with the others. Such lack of connection could lead to redundancy and omission of plan, and ineffectiveness of legal implementation. To solve this confronted problem, the countermeasure is following through analysing structural relationship among those plans. First, it is necessary to design the horizontal relationship among the three master plans by incorporating common items and strategies only on the Policy Master Plan, while each of them keeps unique ones respectively. Second, each master plan, partial plan, and work plan should be vertically well-aligned for implementation integrity. Third, evaluation of output, outcome, and impact of the plans should be implemented after the end of each plan, which in turn should be reflected on next plans. Fourth, it is necessary to improve NSDI law with single goal and strategies to incorporate the above-mentioned three recommendations, while items for unique goal of each plan are embedded in each law.
김훈 ( Kim Hun ),성효숙 ( Seong Hyo Sug ),주웅 ( Ju Ung ),이경수 ( Lee Gyeong Su ),홍준석 ( Hong Jun Seog ),심순섭 ( Sim Sun Seob ),박중신 ( Park Jung Sin ),전종관 ( Jeon Jong Gwan ),윤보현 ( Yun Bo Hyeon ),신희철 ( Sin Hui Cheo 대한산부인과학회 2004 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.47 No.2
Spontaneous umbilical cord hematoma is a rare cause of fetal distress and intrauterine fetal death. The perinatal mortality rate approaches 50%. Various causes of the cord hematoma have been suggested as congenital abnormalities, short cord, trauma, cord around neck, torsion, syphilis, or postmature pregnancy. We have experienced one case of the fetal distress from umbilical cord hematoma, which is presented with a brief review of the literatures.
( Jin Kyung Oh ),( Jae Hyeong Park ),( Seung Cheo Shim ),( In Seol Yoo ),( Seong Wook Kang ),( Su Jin Yoo ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with connective tissue disease (CTD). Although the incidence of PAH in CTD patients is higher than that of normal population, the true incidence of PAH in Korean patients with CTD is still unknown. Methods: We performed two sessions of echocardiographic screening in cooperation with rheumatologic department in a tertiary hospital. In each session, we enrolled up to 20 patients with CTD and performed echocardiographic study by an experienced examiner. The possibility of PAH is determined by the estimation of pulmonary arterial pressure by tricuspid regurgitation (TR) maximal velocity (TR Vmax >3. 0m/sec). After the screening, the patients with possible PAH were recommended to undergo cardiac catheterization to confi rm the diagnosis. Results: We screened total 30 patients with CTD (27 females, mean age 51±14 years old). Of them, 22 patients had systemic sclerosis (SSc), 6 had systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) and 2 had Raynaud`s phenomenon. They showed normal left ventricular function and no evidence of signifi cant valvular heart disease. After echocardiographic screening, possible PAH was detected in 9 patients (30%). The incidence of possible PAH was 36% in SSc (8 of 22 patients) and 17 % in SLE (1 of 6 patients). We confi rmed PAH with cardiac catheterization in 4 of 9 patients and started to treat disease specifi c vasodilator therapy in them. Conclusions: We performed two sessions of echocardiographic screening of PAH with cooperation with rheumatology department. The incidence of possible PAH was 37% in SSc and 17% in SLE. To fi nd exact incidence of PAH in CTD patients, more large numbers of patients in many centers will be needed.
수정-IPA를 통한 푸드카빙교육 효용성의 품질속성 분류에 관한 연구
이성주(Lee, Sung-Ju),임현철(Lim, Hyun-Cheo),김상미(Kim, Sang-Mi) 한국외식경영학회 2022 외식경영연구 Vol.25 No.2
본 연구는 푸드카빙 교육을 받은 수강생들이 지각하는 푸드카빙 효용성은 어떠한지 살펴보고, 어떠한 효용성들이 있고, 효용성의 품질 속성은 어떠한지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 규명하기 위하여 푸드카빙 교육을 받은 경험이 있는 수강생을 모집단으로 설정하였고, 설문조사는 2020년 7월 20일부터 8월 20일까지 한 달간 진행되었다. 설문지는 총 500부를 배부하였고, 435부가 회수되었고, 불성실한 설문지 38부를 제외하고 397부가 최종 분석에 사용되었다. 분석결과, 중요 실행 요소로는 푸드카빙 교육은 지루하지 않고, 남녀노소 할 수 있고, 잡생각이 사라지고, 자존감이 높아지고, 자신의 가치가 높아지고, 마음이 편해지고, 우울함이 사라지는 등의 수업 자체에서 오는 만족감의 속성들이 포함되었다. 매력적 요소에는 푸드카빙 기술이 수익으로 연결되고, 강좌를 개설하고, 적은 금액으로 공방을 오픈하는 등의 수익 측면과 관련된 항목들이 포함되었다. 아울러, 기본적 요소에는 집중할 수 있고, 기분이 좋아지고, 자격증을 취득하고, 전문가가 될 수 있다는 측면의 항목들이 포함되었다. 이는 대체로 푸드카빙을 처음 배우는 수강생들이 기본적으로 가지는 목적들이 포함되었다. This study aims to examine the food carving utility perceived by students who received food carving education, the types of the utility, and its quality attributes. To investigate this research purpose, students who had received food carving education were set as a population, and the survey was conducted for one month from July 20 through August 20, 2020. 500 copies of the questionnaire were distributed in total, and 435 copies were collected. 397 copies were used in the final analysis, excluding 38 unreliable copies. As a result of the analysis, important execution factors included the attributes of satisfaction with the class itself, e.g., Food carving education was not boring; it could be done by men and women of all ages; it made cockeyed ideas disappear; it promoted their self-esteem; it enhanced their value; it comforted their hearts; and it made their depression disappear. Attractive elements included revenue-related items, such as food carving skills connected to profits; they could open lectures; and they could open a workshop with little money. Along with this, the basic elements included the following: They could concentrate; they could feel better; they could get a certificate; and they could become an expert. They usually included the purposes the students who would learn food carving for the first time had basically.