2,4-D 處理가 'Harcot' 살구와 '美白' 복숭아의 果實 成熟과 品質에 미치는 影響

윤철구,김영호,임상철,김학현,이철희,최관순,김선규 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1999 農業科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

Effect of 2,4- D application on the fruit maturity and quality of 'Harcot' apricot and 'Mibaek' peach was examined. Leaf area of 'Harcot' apricot was not affected by 2,4-D while that of 'Mibaek' peach was increased by 35mg · L-1 2,4-D. Application of 2,4-D at 35mgㆍL-1 increased the fruit weight of both species, and that of 'Harcot' was doubled. Soluble solids content of 'Harcot' was decreased by 2,4-D while that of 'Mibaek' was not affected. Fruit maturity of 'Harcot' and 'Mibaek' was enhanced for respective 4 and 1 day by 2,4-D application. Percent fruit cracking of 'Harcot' apricot was decreased by 35mg · L-1 2,4-D.

지베렐린과 에세폰의 葉面撒布가 '美白' 복숭아의 熟期와 品質에 미치는 影響

김영호,윤철구,임상철,김학현,이철희,최관순,김선규 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1999 農業科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

In order to obtain the basic data for artificial maturity control of 'Mibaek' peach, GA and ethephon were foliar sprayed 4 weeks prior to harvest, and their effects on fruit maturity and quality were examined. GA and ethephon tended to decrease the fruit weight except 100mg ㆍ L-1 GA+50 to 100mg · L-1 ethephon treatment. GA increased the fruit firmness, and ethephon at higher concentration increased the fruit drop. Harvest date was advanced for 7 to 8 days by ethephon while was delayed for 6 to 8 days by GA treatment, regardless of concentration.

초발 정신분열병 환자의 정신병 비치료기간과 관련된 정신사회적 요인

박선철,김대호,남정현,이해원 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.4

Objectives : This study investigated the psychosocial factors and clinical symptoms related to the duration of untreated Psychosis (DUP) in 35 consecutive first-episode inpatients with schizophrenia. Mcthods : Data from 35 schizophrenic patients were obtained from two general psychiatric inpatient units at a university medical center. These data included scores from Index of Social Position (ISP), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) as well as socio-demographic informations. Rcsults : Among socio-demographic variables, lower social position (r=.610, P<.001), male sex (r=.407, P=.015), and grew up in rural area (r=.335, p=.045) were significantly correlated with DUP. The interpersonal sensitivity of SCL-90-R was the only symptomatic variable significantly correlated with DUP (r=.379, P=.027). However, after controlling interactive effects of the variables, only lower social position and interpersonal sensitivity remained significant. Lower social position was more influential on DUP than interpersonal sensitivity in the multiple regression model. Conclusion : Both social and symptomatic factors independently influenced DUP in schizophrenic patients. Lower social position defined by education and occupation of patients or caretakers may reflect barriers to psychiatric services or poor identification of mental illness. This together with patients' subjective distress in interpersonal interactions may delay the intervention of psychiatric services.

KF114와 KB108 원료가공업의 연기증 Nicotine 및 Tar 함량의 변화

이철희,임흥빈,신주식,석영선 충북대학교 연초연구소 2004 煙草硏究 Vol.19 No.-

궐련담배 연기 중 Tar와 Nicotine 함량은 대부분의 국가에서 담배 포갑지에 표시하도록 규정하고 있으며 우리나라에서도 2003년부터 시행하고 있다. 그리하여 궐련담배 제품의 설정목표에 따라 엽배합의 방안을 강구하고자 우리나라에서 생산하고 있는 황색종과 버어리종의 주 품종인 KF114와 KB108의 원료 가공엽을 김천원료공장과 남원료공장에서 착엽위치 및 등급별로 채취하여 연기 중 Nicotine, Tar 및 CO 함량을 조사하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 원료엽 중 니코틴 함량은 황색종 KF114에 비하여 버어리종 KB108이 높고, 본엽과 상엽에서는 등급이 낮을수록 함량이 높고, 중엽과 하엽에서는 등급이 낮을수록 함량이 낮았다. 2. 황색종 KF114는 궐련담배 1개비 당 중량이 본엽, 중엽, 상엽, 하엽 순으로 무거웠고, 엽위별 등급간에는 등급이 높을수록 무거웠다. 연소시간과 흡연회수는 본엽, 상엽, 중엽, 하엽 순으로 길고 많았다. 3. 버어리종 KB108은 궐련담배 1개비 당 중량이 상엽, 본엽, 중엽, 하엽 순으로 무거웠고, 엽위별 등급간에는 등급이 높을수록 무거웠다. 연소시간은 상엽, 본엽, 중엽, 하엽 순으로 길었으며, 중엽과 하엽에서는 등급이 높을수록 본엽과 상엽에서는 등급이 낮을수록 길었다.4. 황색종 KF114 원료 가공엽의 연기 중 니코틴과 타르 함량은 본엽에서는 등급이 낮을수록 높고, 중엽과 하엽에서는 등급이 높을수록 높은 값을 나타냈다. CO 함량은 본엽, 중엽, 상엽, 하엽순으로 많았고, 등급간 차이는 니코틴과 타르 함량에 대한 등급간 차이보다 적었다. 5. 버어리종 KB108 원료 가공엽의 연기 중 니코틴과 타르 함량은 상엽과 본엽에서는 등급이 낮을수록 높고, 중엽과 하엽에서는 등급이 높을수록 높은 값을 나타냈다. CO의 함량은 상엽, 본엽, 중엽, 하엽 순으로 높았고, 엽위 별 등급간에 차이가 없었다. 6. 잎담배 종류 및 가공엽의 등급에 따라 nicotine/tar 및 Co/tar 비율에 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있으며, 엽위가 낮을수록 비율도 감소하였다. 7. 버어리종 KB108는 흡연회수, 니코틴, 타르및 CO가 각각 정의 상관관계가 인정되었으나, 황색종 KF114에서는 CO와 니코틴, CO와 타르 간에는 상관관계가 없었다. In most countries, nicotine and tar contents of cigarette smoke should be represented on the cigarette pack by law. It has been carrying out in Korea from 2003. In order to control those contents, It was tested the contents of tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide (CO) of smoke components and puff number for blending two major varieties produced in Korea, KF114, a flue-cured, and KB108, a burley. The processed leaf tobacco were taken from Kim-cheon and Ock-cheon leaf tobacco processing factory. The results were summarized as followed ; 1. Nicotine contents of processed leaf tobacco were higher in KB108, a burley, than in KF114, a flue-cured. Nicotine contents of leaf and tips were higher in low-grade leaves than in high-grade leaves, but those of cutters and lugs were lower in low-grade leaves than in high-grade leaves. 2. The weight per cigarette of KF114 was heavier in the order of leaf, cutters, tips and lugs, and was heavier in high-grade leaves than in low-grade leaves. Combustion time was longer and puff number was more in the order of leaf, tips, cutters and lugs. 3. The weight per cigarette of KB108 was heavier in the order of tips, leaf, cutters and lugs, and was heavier in high-grade leaves than in low-grade leaves. Combustion time was longer in the order of tips, leaf, cutters and lugs. The time of cutters and lugs was longer in high-grade leaves than in low-grade leaves, but those of leaf and tips was longer in low-grade leaves than in high-grade leaves. 4. Nicotine and tar contents of the smoke from the processed leaf tobacco of KF114 were higher in low-grade leaf than in high-grade leaf and cutters and lugs were higher in high-grade than in low-grade. CO contents were higher in the order of leaf, cutters, tips and lugs. The difference of CO contents between different grades was lower than that of nicotine and tar contents. 5. In nicotine and tar contents of the smoke from the processed leaf tobacco of KB108, leaf and tips were higher in low-grade than in high-grade and cutters and lugs were higher in high-grade than in low-grade. CO contents were higher in the order of tips, leaf, cutters and lugs. There was no significant difference of CO contents between different grades of the stalk position. 6. Nicotine/Tar and CO/Tar ratios showed significant difference according to tobacco variety and grade of processed leaf tobacco. The ratios were reduced in lower stalk position. 7. There were positive correlations between puff number, nicotine, tar and CO contents in KB108, but there were no correlations between CO and nicotine, or CO and tar in KF114.

플로우(Flow)가 배너광고의 지각된 혼잡도와 광고태도에 미치는 영향 : 이용자의 주의에 따른 차별적 효과

이철선,유승엽 한국방송광고공사 2004 광고연구 Vol.0 No.63

인터넷에서는 많은 배너광고가 동시에 제시될 뿐만 아니라 브랜드들이 유사한 경우가 많다. 이는 광고의 지각된 혼잡도(perceived clutter)의 구성요인과 밀접한 관련성을 가진다. 그러나 인터넷은 쌍방향 커뮤니케이션이 가능하여 자신의 의사에 따라 선택적으로 광고를 회피하거나 볼 수 있는 매체이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인터넷 광고의 지각된 혼잡도를 포함한 광고효과를 반복적인 경험과정 측면에서 그리고 소비자의 통제권이라는 측면에서 살펴보고자 시도되었다. 먼저 본 연구에서는 인터넷 이용자의 주의의 대상에 따라 광고의 지각된 혼잡도와 광고태도에 직접 영향을 미치는 플로우의 역할과 방향성에 대한 연구가설을 설정하였다. 그리고 플로우가 지각된 혼잡도와 광고태도에 미치는 간접적인 경로에서 지각된 행동통제가 매개변수로 작용한다는 연구가설도 설정하였다. 특히 두 번째 경로는 플로우가 광고태도에 미치는 영향이 소비자의 통제권 하에서 이루어진다는 것을 설명하기 위함이었다. 분석결과, 지각된 혼잡도에 영향을 미치는 플로우에 대한 가설은 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 플로우가 광고태도에 미치는 영향에서 지각된 행동통제가 중요한 매개변수로 작용함과 동시에 주의의 대상에 따라 방향성도 차별적인 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 인터넷 광고전략에 유용한 시사점을 제공하리라 기대된다. The previous articles for the perceived clutter in banner advertising has been dealt with what factors effect advertising clutter and relationship between advertising clutter and advertising attitude. But internet is possible media with a two-way communication. So, consumer have the right for control with selective avoidance or selective watching to advertising in internet. Therefore, this article intends to research internet advertising as experience process in the perspective of two-way communication replicated continuously. At first, researchers hypotheses about the effect of flow on perceived clutter and advertising attitude directly in banner advertising. Second, we are especially developed conceptual model considering perceived behavior control, intervening variable, in the relationships between flow, perceived clutter and advertising attitude by a subject of attention in banner advertising. The reason of established second hypothesis is to account for that experience process is accompany with user's emotional feelings by a subject of attention. The results of analysis, hypothesis for the role of flow and perceived behavior control including the possibility for decreasing perceived clutter is verified. And perceived behavior control verified as intervening variable in the relationship between flow and advertising attitude by a subject of attention. The results of study provide the strategic implication in internet advertising strategy.

ICMP 프로토콜을 사용하는 네트워크 침입의 탐지 구현

최선철,차현철 동양대학교 2001 동양대학교 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

This paper purposes to give experimental tests of network mapping and Smurf Attack, which is one of the typical intrusion patterns in denial of services using ICMP protocol, and also purposes to detect the intrusion with NFRⓡ. The ICMP echo request packet with broadcast address makes many hosts on the target network to bring back lots of echo replies to it.These packets are all captured by NFRⓡ.The intrusion-detection backend with N-Codes detects all the intrusion packets.These facts show the possibility of preventing illegal users from intruding upon network systems.

자가부식 프라이머의 적용시간이 법랑질 접착에 미치는 영향

진철희,조영곤,김수미,이명선 大韓齒科保存學會 2008 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.33 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 6종의 자가부식 프라이머 접착시스템에서 제조사에서 추천한 프라이머 적용시간과 2배의 프라이머 적용시간에 따른 법랑질에 대한 미세전단 결합강도와 전자현미경적 소견을 비교하기 위하여 시행하였다. 이 연구의 결과 법랑질에 대한 자가부식 프라이머 접착제의 결합강도는 제조사에서 추천한 프라이머의 적용시간보다 프라이머의 적용시간을 2배 증가시킨 경우 높게 나타났으며, 특히 pH가 높은 프라이머를 사용하였을 때 통계학적으로 높은 결합강도를 나타내었다. 이는 법랑질에서 pH가 높은 프라이머를 사용할 경우, 제조사에서 추천한 시간보다 더 긴 시간동안 적용하는 것이 결합강도를 증가시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to compare the normal and two times of application time of six self-etching primers applied to enamel using microshear bond strength (uSBS) test and the finding of scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Crown of sixty human molars were bisected mesiodistally and buccal and lingual enamel of crowns were partially exposed and polished with 600 grit SiC papers. They were divided into one of two equal groups subdivided into one of six equal groups (n = 10) by self-etching primer adhesives. After the same manufacture' s adhesive resin and composites were bonded on the enamel surface of each group, the bonded specimens were subjected to uSBS testing and also observed under SEM. In conclusion, generally two times of primer application time increased the enamel uSBS, especially with the statistical increase of bond strength in adhesives involving high-pH primers.

성경에 나타난 도 (道)

박선철,박용천 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.4

Objectives : It is interesting that the term "Tao" is seen in the Bible of Korean revised version, because Tao is the essential part of traditional Korean culture. Korean culture has 5000 years of history rooted in the humanitarian ideal that means devotion to the welfare of mankind. Such humanitarian ideal had accepted, digested and finally recreated many religions and ideas without conflict. Because understanding the patient's culture is important in the psychiatric practice, it is worthwhile to compare the Tao in the Bible and in the traditional culture. This will lead us to understand the Bible more accurately, and Un-derstanding the Bible can broaden our view toward the traditional Korean culture. Methods : The authors searched the term "Tao" in the Bible ofKorean Revised Version and compared it with the Biblia Hebrica Stuttgatensia, and Novum Testatum Graece to detect the original expressions of Tao. The meaning of Hebrew or Greek original expressions were compared with English expressions of The Holy Bible, the King James Version. Results : Tao was recorded 85 times in the Bible of Korean Revised Version. The majority of original expressions were "derek" (43 times) in Hebrew Old Testaments, and "hodos" (14 times) in Greek New Testament. The majority of English expressions corresponding to Tao were "way" or "ways" (59 times). "Derek" means the commandments of God. "Hodos" means the way ofJesus Christ. Conclusion : "Derek" and "hodos" commonly mean the righteousness and sanctification required to human with the berith (testament) of God. Tao in the Bible ofKorean Revised Version is similar to Tao in the traditional culture in the viewpoint of enlightenment. Korean psychotherapy can be elaborated further with the acceptance of Westem psychotherapy on the basis of deep understanding of Korean traditional culture, such as Tao.

허사 there의 형식자질

선종철,양선기 순천대학교 어학연구소 2001 어학연구 Vol.12 No.-

피질골 절제술을 응용한 구치의 원심직립 이동

김상철,강경화,오승환,이인성,김선영 대한치과교정학회 2004 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.34 No.5

빠르며 정확하고 안전한 치아이동을 목표로 삼고 있는 교정치료에서 새로운 패러다임이라고 여겨지는 피질골 절제술과 견인 골형성술을 응용한 구치의 원심직립이동에 대하여 알아보았다. 일반적인 방법으로는 어렵거나 치료 기간이 길어질 것으로 판단되는 구치의 원심직립 이동을 피질골 절제술과 견인 골형성술을 응용하여 도모하였다. 각각의 원심직립 증례를 통해 피질골 절제술과 견인 골형성술의 적용 술식, 견인장치 등을 논하고 그 효과를 파악하였다. 빠른 치아이동과 이에 따른 교정치료 기간의 단축이 가능하고 통상의 교정치료로는 이동에 한계가 있었던 치아이동을 구치의 정출이나 고정원의 상실 없이 도모할 수 있었다. Tooth movement facilitated by corticotomy and distraction osteogenesis, a new paradigm in orthodontics, was discussed. Molar uprighting was thought to be either difficult or nearly impossible. In this study, a section of cortical bone. which may act as resistance to tooth movement in alveolar bone, was removed. Active bone deposition was also made possible in the tension side. This forms the main concept of tooth movement facilitated by corticotomy and distraction osteogenesis. Molars in two cases were uprighted at such a speedy rate as we could not Imagine in conventional tooth movement, which lead to reduction of the total treatment period. And molar uprighting was possible without side effects, for example, supraversion of the tooth or anterior anchorage loss. These were the superior aspects to conventional orthodontics.