Comparison of Melanoma Subtypes among Korean Patients by Morphologic Features and Ultraviolet Exposure

( Hong Sun Jang ),( Jee Hung Kim ),( Kyu Hyun Park ),( Jae Seok Lee ),( Jung Min Bae ),( Byung Ho Oh ),( Sun Young Rha ),( Mi Ryung Roh ),( Kee Yang Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2014 Annals of Dermatology Vol.26 No.4

Background: Genetic alterations have been identified in melanomas according to different levels of sun exposure. Whereas the conventional morphology-based classification provides a clue for tumor growth and prognosis, the new classification by genetic alterations offers a basis for targeted therapy. Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the biological behavior of melanoma subtypes and compare the two classifications in the Korean population. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients found to have malignant melanoma in Severance Hospital from 2005 to 2012. Age, sex, location of the tumor, histologic subtype, tumor depth, ulceration, lymph node invasion, visceral organ metastasis, and overall survival were evaluated. Results: Of the 206 cases, the most common type was acral melanoma (n=94, 45.6%), followed by nonchronic sun damage-induced melanoma (n=43, 20.9%), and mucosal melanoma (n=40, 19.4%). Twenty-one patients (10.2%) had the chronic sun-damaged type, whereas eight patients (3.9%) had tumors of unknown primary origin. Lentigo maligna melanoma was newly classified as the chronic sun-damaged type, and acral lentiginous melanoma as the acral type. More than half of the superficial spreading melanomas were newly grouped as nonchronic sun-damaged melanomas, whereas nodular melanoma was rather evenly distributed. Conclusion: The distribution of melanomas was largely similar in both the morphology-based and sun exposure-based classifications, and in both classifications, mucosal melanoma had the worst 5-year survival owing to its tumor thickness and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. (Ann Dermatol 26(4) 485~490, 2014)

Case Reports : Basal Cell Carcinoma on the Pubic Area: Report of a Case and Review of 19 Korean Cases of BCC from Non-sun-exposed Areas

( Jin Park ),( Yong Sun Cho ),( Ki Hun Song ),( Jong Sun Lee ),( Seok Kweon Yun ),( Han Uk Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2011 Annals of Dermatology Vol.23 No.3

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant skin tumors and develops characteristically on sun-exposed areas, such as the head and neck. Ultraviolet light exposure is an important etiologic factor in BCCs, and BCCs arising from non-sun- exposed areas are, therefore, very rare. In particular, the axilla, nipple, the genital and perianal areas are not likely to be exposed to ultraviolet light; thus, if BCC develops in these areas, other predisposing factors should be considered. Herein, we report a case of BCC arising on the pubic area in a 70-year-old man. We also performed a survey of the literature and discussed the 19 cases of BCC from non-sun-exposed areas reported to date in Korea.

한국인에서 일광 노출의 유해성에 대한 인지도와 일광 차단제의 이용 행태에 대한 연구

김상태,김기호,오선진,이승철,강세훈,윤재일,김진준,박석범,김홍용 대한피부과학회 1999 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.37 No.6

Background: Although deleterious effects of sunlight have been increased recently, the surveillance of the attitudes toward sun-exposure and the behavioral aspect of using sunscreens in Koreans has hot been carried out. Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the attitude toward the harmfulness of sun-exposure and behaviors of using sunscreens in Korea. Method: Five hundred and fifty-two subjects were surveyed to assess the attitude toward sun-exposure, as well as the subjects knowledge about, and the use of sunscreens. Underlying data including demographic data, skin colors, skin types, occupation, and sun-exposure, were obtained. Results: Fifty-four percent of subjects believed that sun-exposure is bad for their skins, but, on the contrary, 12.5% believed it to be beneficial. Fifty-two percent of subjects used sunscreens. Almost all subjects(93.8%) knew why to use sunscreens but 62.7% of subjects did not know the meaning of sun protective factors(SPF). Women, indoor workers, subjects less than 40 years old, with less sun-exposed, fair colored skin, or with skin type I, II, III tended to know the deleterious effects of sunlight and the meaning of SPF and used more sunscreen. Conclusion: High risk population-men, outdoor workers, subjects oider than 40 years old, with more sun-exposed, dark colored skin, or skin type VI, V could be targeted with campaigns that promote attitudinal and behavioral changes.

Application of Antioxidant Transgenic Mice

Sun?Uk Kim,Hee-Young Yang,Sun-Hee Ahn,Suhee Kim,Dae?Yeul Yu,Dong?Seok Lee,Tae-Hoon Lee 한국실험동물학회 2014 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.8

Estimation and Comparison of Cortical Thickness Index and Canal‑to‑Calcar Ratio Using Manual Method and Deep Learning Method

Sun‑Jung Yoon,Minwoo Kim,Il‑Seok Oh,Kyungho Kim,한갑수 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.3

Manual calculation of the cortical thickness index (CI) and canal-to-calcar ratio (CC) using radiographs has been widely used. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diference between manual gold standard and automatic calculation based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) of the proximal femur. We obtained institutional review board approval to utilize previous radiographs for the study and the radiograph images were used to train CNN architecture. The calculation experiment of a dataset of 136 images of the proximal femur to estimate CI and CC was performed using a trained CNN architecture (Automatic). Also, manual segmentation method (Manual) to calculate CI and CC was conducted using the standard protocol by two experts as a reference for the results comparison. The mean values of the Manual and Automatic calculation of CI for the proximal femur were 0.56 and 0.54, respectively, showing a statistically signifcant diference (p=0.035). Signifcant diference (p<0.001) was also seen in the calculation of CC by Manual and Automatic method resulting in 0.42 and 0.47, respectively. In addition, the automatic method showed far better results in terms of calculation speed (less than 30 s per single image). Therefore, we suggest that the manual method be carefully considered while planning a surgery.

간세포암과 감별이 어려웠던 악성중피종 치험 1예

김선문,허원석,채경훈,강윤세,정재훈,김연수,박기오,문희석,이엄석,김석현,성재규,이병석,이헌영,신경숙,조준식,송인상,강대영 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm that arises from the mesothelium of a serosal cavity and is a rapidly fatal disease with a median survival of 4 to 12 months for untreated cases. Recently, we experienced a case with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma who was suspected hepatocelluar carcioma by abdominal CT scan and was confirmed by biopsy including immunohistochemical stain(calretinin) after surgery. We performed tumor excisions and wedge resection of the liver(segment Ⅷ)and inserted Tencoff catheter in abdominal cavity at 25th day of post-operation. We treated with intraperitoneal paclitaxel(25mg/m^(2)/day for 5 days) six courses monthly. She was well tolerable and is still living without any evidence of recurrence for 14th month of post-operation.

웹 카메라를 이용한 시설 내 국화생산 광 환경 원격 모니터링

정선옥(Sun-Ok Chung),김용주(Yong-Joo Kim),이규호(Kyu-Ho Lee),성남석(Nam-Seok Sung),이철휘(Cheol-Hwi Lee),노현권(Hyun-Kwon Noh) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2015 농업과학연구 Vol.42 No.4

Increase of national family income improved demand of high-quality and year-round horticultural products including chrysanthemum. To meet these demand, farmers have introduced protected facilities, such as greenhouses, of which environmental conditions could be monitored and controlled. Environment management up to three weeks after transplanting is critical for chrysanthemum quality. Artificial lighting and light-blocking screen are especially important for long-day (day period > 13 hours) and short-day (night period > 13 hours) treatments. In this study, a web-camera was installed, and the image was obtained and transmitted to mobile phones to monitor the status of 3-wavelength(RGB) lighting environments. RGB pixel values were used to determine malfunctioning of the lighting lamps, and leaking out and incoming illumination status during short-day and long-day treatment periods. Normal lighting lamps provided RGB pixel values of 240~255. During long-day treatment period, G pixel values were useful to detect abnormal lighting conditions (e.g., leaking). During short-day treatment period, R pixel values were useful to determine incoming light (e.g., sun-light). Results of this study would provide useful information for remote monitoring of light conditions for protected chrysanthemum production under artificial lights.

해창<SUP>海窓</SUP> 송기식<SUP>宋基植</SUP>의 현실인식과 대응방략의 변화

김순석(Kim, Sun-seok) 한국국학진흥원 2020 국학연구 Vol.0 No.42

송기식은 1878년 경북 안동에서 태어나 일제강점기를 살다가 1949년 세상을 떠난 유교개혁론자이며, 독립운동가이며, 교육자이다. 유교는 조선의 지배 이데올로기였던 까닭에 한말까지도 사회전반에 큰 영향력을 미치고 있었다. 그렇지만 문호개방 이후 밀려든 서구 문명 앞에서 유림의 대응 방략은 무력하기만 하였고, 유교는 구시대의 유물로 인식되어 개혁의 대상으로 인식되기도 하였다. 유교개혁론자들은 대부분 유교의 긍정적인 측면들을 이해하고 유교를 근본으로 삼고 서구 사상으로 그 단점을 보완하려 한 사람들이 많았다. 송기식 또한 그런 개혁론자 가운데 한 사람이었다. 송기식은 처음부터 유교개혁론자는 아니었고, 초기에는 위정척사계열의 유학자였다. 1895년 ‘명성황후 시해사건’을 규탄하는 의병이 일어났을 때 19세의 나이로 의병장 김도화 아래서 서기로 종군하였다. 이후 김흥락과 사제의 인연을 맺고, 퇴계 학맥의 주류를 계승한 그는 평생 두 가지 과제를 해결하고자 노력하였다. 그 하나는 상실된 국권을 회복하는 것이었고, 다른 하나는 세력을 상실하였던 유교를 부흥하는 일이었다. 송기식은 1895년 의병에 참가한 다음 1909년 이상룡이 대한협회안동지 회장이 되자 애국계몽운동에 나섰다. 이 무렵 송기식은 이상룡과 긴밀한 협의 끝에 봉양서숙을 설립하여 교육사업에 투신하게 된다. 그가 이렇듯 위정척사파에서 애국계몽운동가로 전환하게 된 계기는 서구 사상을 소개한 민주주의와 자유주의, 시민사상이 담긴 책들을 섭렵하였고, 이상룡의 권유가 큰 역할을 하였다. 그는 1919년 3.1운동이 발발하였다는 소식을 접하고 안동의 협동학교‧동화학교‧보문의숙‧봉양서숙 등의 학생들을 규합하여 만세 시위에 앞장섰다. 그 결과 그는 현장에서 체포되어 안동 옥사에 투옥되었고, 이후 대구 감옥으로 이감되어 있다가 다시 경성 감옥으로 옮겨졌다. 1920년 영친왕의 가례를 맞아 석방된 그는 출옥한 이듬해 유교혁신에 관한 생각들을 정리하여 『유교유신론』을 발간하였다. 1932년 송기식은 경성유교회 안순환으로부터 녹동서원 명교강습소 교수직으로 위촉받아 유교의 종교화운동에 참여하게 된다. 본고는 송기식이 어떤 계기를 통하여 사상적 전환이 일어났으며, 그것이 어떤 행동양식의 변화로 이어졌는지에 대한 연구이다. Song Ki-sik was born in Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do in 1878, lived under the Japanese Colonial period and passed away after liberation. He was an independence activist and educator. Since Confucianism was the dominant ideology of Joseon, it had a great influence on society as a whole. Nevertheless, in the face of Western civilization, which was pushed out after the opening of the door, Confucian Scholar countermeasures were helpless, and Confucianism was recognized as a relic of the old days and the object of reform. Many Confucian reformers tried to understand the positive aspects of Confucianism, make Confucianism the basis, and try to make up for the shortcomings with Western ideas. Song Ki-sik was one of those reformists. Song Ki-sik was not a Confucian reformer from the beginning, but was a Conservative Confucian scholar. In 1895, at the age of 19, he joined the army under Kim Do-hwa. Since then, Kim Heung-Rak has a relationship with teacher and discipleship. Song Ki-shik, who succeeded the mainstream of Toegye, tried to solve two problems. One was to restore lost sovereignty, and the other was to revive Confucianism, which at that time lost power. Song Ki-sik participated in Voluntary army in 1895, and then in 1909, when Lee Sang-ryong became the chairman of Andong branch the Korean Association, he started the Patriot Enlightenment Movement. Around this time, Song Ki-sik established Bongyang Seosuk after close consultation with Lee Sang-ryong and started his business in education. The reason for his transition from Conservative Confucian scholar to patriotic enlightenment activists was through books on democracy, liberalism and civil ideology that introduced Western ideas, and Lee Sang-ryong’s invitation played a big role. When he heard of the outbreak of the March 1st Movement in 1919, he led students of Hyupdong schools, Donghwa School, Bomun Uisuk, and Bongyang Seosuk. As a result, he was arrested at the scene and imprisoned in Andong"s prison, then moved to Daegu jail and then moved back to Gyeongsung jail. In 1920, he was released on the rite of King Young Chin. The following year, he wrote Confucianism Reformed Theory and summarized his thoughts on Confucian innovation. In 1932, Song Ki-sik was appointed as a professor at Nokdongseowon Myeonggyo Campus by Ahn Sun-hwan from Kyungsung Confucian Church to participate in the Confucian religious movement. This thesis is a study on how the ideological transformation of Song Ki-sik led to the change of behavior and the change of behavior afterward.

여성 외음부에 발생한 선상 편평상피세포암종

김창옥,양기화,강석진,이안희,김병기,김선무 대한병리학회 1991 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.25 No.1

Gilbert 증후군에서 열량 제한 시험과 Phenobarbital 자극 시험의 의의(14예)

이헌영,채경훈,정재훈,강윤세,김연수,문희석,박기오,이엄석,김선문,김석현,성재규,이병석,이강욱 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

Gilbert 증후군은 인구의 7%에서까지 나타날 수 있는 매우 흔한 증후군으로서 비진행성인 양성의 만성적 경과를 치하며, 간질환의 증상과 징후가 없는 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 특징인 일종의 체질적인 증상으로서 혈장 빌리루빈 농도에 대한 사춘기의 영향 때문에 10대와 20대에 자주 진단이 된다. 따라서 임상적인 중요성은 미약하지만 높은 빈도가 예상되는 점에 그 중요성이 부여되어야 할 것이다. 따라서 적정한 임상적 진단법으로 기왕에 소개된 열량제한 시험과 phenobarbital 유도 시험을 시행하고 이들의 진단적 가치를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 1990년 7월부터 1999년 4월까지 충남대학교병원에 내원하여 HBsAg, IgG anti-HBc 및 anti-HCV가 음성이고, 간 초음파 스캔에서 이상이 없으며, 혈청 AST, ALT 및 AP가 정상인 비음주자에서 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 있는 14예의 환자들을 대상으로 ^(99m)Tc-DISID 스캔을 시행하였으며, 기저 치 총빌리루빈 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 측정한 다음에 하루에 400Kcal로 48시간동안 제한한 열량 제한 시험을 시행하였고, phenobarbital을 하루 60mg씩 5일간 투여한 후에도 각각 총빌리루빈과 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 검사하여 비포합형을 구하였다. 대상 환자들은 모두 14예로서 남자가 11예(78.6%)였고 여자가 3예(21.4%)여서 3.7:1로 남자에서 많았으며, 20대가 6예(42.9%), 30대가 역시 6예(42.9%) 및 40대가 2예(14.2%)로서 2,30대가 대부분(85.8%)이었다. 열량 제한 시험 후의 총빌리루빈 치, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치들은 평균 각각 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 및 1.3±10mg/dL 로서, 시험 전 치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg/dL 보다 유의하게(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023) 상승하였다. 포합형 빌리루빈 치도 유의하게 상승하였으나 비포합형의 상승보다는 훨씬 낮아서 주로 비포합형이 증가하였다. phenobarbital 투여 중 설사가 발생하여 중단한 1예를 제외한 13예에서 열량 제한 시험 후에 상승하였던 총, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치가 phenobarbital 유도 시험후에는 2.0±1.1, 1.5±0.8 및 0.5±0.4mg/dL로서 열량 제한 시험 결과보다 유의하게 낮아졌고(p=0.00, p=0.000, p=0.001), 열량 제한 시험 전의 기초치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg.dL 보다도 더욱 낮아졌으며 유의한 차이(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005)를 나타내었다. 14예에서 시행한 ^(99m)-Tc DISIDA 스캔에서 9예(64.3%)가 정상이었고, 5예(35.7%)에서는 심장 및 신장으로의 간외 섭취가 3예였고, 60분까지 소장 배출이 없는 배설 지연 예와 담낭 수축 불량 예가 각각 1예 씩 발견되었다. Phenobarbital 투여시험에서 민감도가 열량제한시험에 비해 더 높았다(92.3%와 50.0%). Gilbert 증후군에서 1일 400 Kcal로 48시간의 열량제한 시험과 1일 60mg의 phenobarbital을 5일간 투여하는 유도 시험은 편리하고 유용한 임상적인 진단법으로 이용할 수 있다고 생각된다. 그러나 열량 제한 시험에서는 증가 기준의 통일이 필요하다고 유추되며 phenobarbital 유도 시험이 민감도가 더 높은 것으로 생각된다. Gilbert's syndrome is very frequent and benign chronic process characterized by mild, intermittent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia without any symptom and sign of liver disease. Previously intoduced caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test as two appropriate clinical tests had been examined and their diagnostic values were reevaluated. Fourteen patients with mild, persistent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were included. Subsequently caloric restriction has been applicated by 400 Kcal/day for 48 hours and phenobarbital has been prescribed by 60 mg/day for 5 days. Therafter serum levels of total and direct bilirubin were measured. Most of the patients were third and fourth decade(85.8%) and male predominant. Each basal serum levels of total, indirect and direct bilirubin were 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 and 0.7±0.4 mg/dL. After caloric restriction test, each levels were increased significantly to 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 and 1.3±1.0 mg/dL(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023). After phenobarbital stimulation test for 13 patients had been practiced, increased levels of each bilirubin after caloric restriction test were decreased significantly to 2.0±1.0, 1.5±0.8 and 0.5±0.4 mg/dL(p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.001) and these levels were significantly lower than basal levels(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005). The sensitivities of caloric restriction test were 85.7%, 50.0%, and 71.4%, 35.7%(1.0, 1.5 mg increase of total bilirubin and 1.0, 1.5 mg/dL increase of indirect bilirubin). The sensitivities of phenobarbital stimulation test were 93.2% and 92.3% at criteria of 1.5 mg/dL increase of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin. On the diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome, caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test are convenient and useful diagnostic tools in clinical face. And also phenobarbital stimulation test has higher sensitivity than caloric restriction test. Furthermore, standardization of bilirubin increment would be necessary in caloric restriction test.