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김규석,임용수,이중의,서길준,윤여규,어은경,염석란,정연권,이윤성 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.4
Background: This study was conducted to analyze the current problems in completing death certificates and to identify the correct method for completing death certificates Methods: We reviewed 262 death certificates in three hospitals from March 1 to April 30, 2000, and 119 death certificates in one hospital from March 1 to 31, 2000. We identified major and minor errors and analyzed and compared them retrospectively. Results: A total of 381 death certificates were reviewed: 59 in Seoul National University Hospital,101 in Ewha Woman's University Hospital, and 102 in Gachon Medical College Hospital, which has no education program for completing death certificates in postgraduate training, and 119 in Samsung Medical Center which has an education program for completing death certificates. 358 certificates(94.0%) had at least one error. There were only 23 death certificates(6.0%) without an error. In 182 cases(47.8%), there was one major error. In 321 death certificates(84.3%), there were more than two errors. A comparison of Samsung Medical Center with the other hospitals showed that the number of total errors was statistically different(p=0.001). Conclusion: There were few death certificates without an error in this study. In a hospital which has postgraduate training in completing death certificates, there are fewer errors than in other hospitals which have no training course. Emergency physicians actually certify many deaths, so they must know the correct method of completing death certificates for statistics on morbidity and mortality.
진중의,김종길,박준석 龍仁大學校 1997 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.14 No.-
It will be the crucial condition to provide people with the excellent and interesting game so that the techniques of competition would be advanced and everyone loves Taekwondo as National sport, which will be adopted in Sidney Olympic gasses. And it will help Taekwondo be adopted permanently. We suggested a scheme of partly developed competition rules on the current Taekwondo. Each of us thinks only theoretically that this direction of contents will be the standards for advancement of Taekwondo competition. But we wrote this paper with the belief that the contents of Taekwondo competition developed should be scientific and reasonable in order that they can be the new start point for Taekwondo advancement, The followings are my suggestion for Taekwondo advancement 1) It is necessary to change the rules, so it should be possible to select the various colors of ground and uniforms, five-minute gave and gradation credits. It will make Taekwondo be loved by the whole world and be adopted permanently in Olympics. 2) It is necessary to adjust the grades of each weights corresponding to international standard height and to found the more professional Taekwondo teams so that they can activate the amatuer Taekwondo players. 3) The main basic principles of Taekwondo are based on the philosophical thoughts. It is necessary to study the detailed programs according to pratice-process from the martial and competitional aspects corresponding to grades and ages. 4) It is also necessay to hold competition on Pumsae. 5) It should be realized to build the create Taekwondo Meca Center, which represents the holy Korean spirits.
서중석,이우승,김현,김호덕,라봉진 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1998 中央醫大誌 Vol.23 No.4
It has been demonstrated that brief period of ischemia and reperfusion (ischemic preconditioning, IP) enhances recovery of post-ischemic contractile dysfunction and reduces incidences of reperfusion-induced arrhythmia or infarct size after a prolonged ischemia. Recent studies suggest that IP triggers activation of protein kinase C (PKC). In the present study, the author teated this hypothesis with PKC activator, phorbol ester (PMA, 0.01 nM) or inhibitor, calphostin C (200 nM) to measure the left ventricular function and infarct size; and assessed whether hemodynamics are related with each other or not. Hearts isolated from New Zealand White rabbits (1.5-2.0 kg body weight) were perfused with Tyrode solution by Langendorff technique. After stabilization of baseline hemodynamics, the hearts were subjected to 45 min global ischemia followed by 120 min reperfusion with IP (IP group, n=7) or without IP (ischemic control group, n=7). IP was induced by single episode of 5 min global ischemia and 10 min reperfusion. In the PMA-treated group (n=13), the heart was subjected to perfusion with Tyrode solution containing PMA for 5 min after stabilization of the baseline, washing out (for 10 min with normal perfusion), and 45 min ischemia and 120 min reperfusion; in the calphostin C-treated preconditioned group (n=15), calphostin C was given for 15 min from 5 min before IP regimen. Left ventricular function including developed pressure (LVDP), dP/dt, heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and coronary flow (CF) was measured. Iinfarct size was determined by staining with tetrazolium salt and planimetry. Data were anaalyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test; and linear regression between hemodynamic values. In comparison with the ischemic control group, IP signifivantly increased the recovery of the left ventricular function including left ventricular developed pressure, contractility, and coronary flow. However, enhancement of the functional recovery disappeared by calphostin C or PMA treatment. IP and PMA also reduced infarct size (from 38 to 10-20%, p<0.05). However, calphostin C blocked infarct reduction effect of IP. These results suggest that in isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart model, IP could improve post-ischemic contractile dysfunction, as well as it has an infarct size-liniting effect; these cardioprotective effect of IP may be related, at least in part, to trigger activation of PKC, however, there are any relationship between hemodynamics.
김응석,이정호,김중훈 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.2
In domestic sewer rehabilitation works, the numerical weighting based on number of sewer defect is used to determine the propriety of rehabilitation order. In case of the decision standard in each defect contents of inside and outside of the country, the weight for determining sewer rehabilitation order is composed of several distribution of marks, not considering the weight in each sewer defects. In this study, the fifteen defect contents are determined suitable for domestic situation based on the sewer defect data of inside and outside of the country. Also, we select persons in charge of the business to calculate the detail weight and pose questions about important level of each sewer defect contents. The results of using Delphi method which is a question survey method apply the AHP and calculate the weight in each sewer defect. The appropriate marks matrix of sixteen sewer defects is made for laying precise decision standard of sewer condition through the result of analysis. The marks matrix of sixteen sewer defects can solve the complicated decision making problems of sewer rehabilitation works.
곽중민,박서영,이우식,강인석 慶尙大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.38 No.-
The computerization is an important factor for scientific construction management. Con-struction management softwares are being widely used for computerizing project control and scheduling. The code systems in those softwares enable various classifications of con-struction information such as filtering, sorting and grouping, and facilitate easy appli-cation of computer system. This study analyzes the code systems of three softwares, which are representatively used in the construction sites, through a comparative analysis for the applicability in construction management. Finally the study suggests a desirable structure of code system and a selection criterion of software to improve the applicability of construction management softwares in the construction sites.
민경석,김석일,전중남 충북대학교 컴퓨터 정보통신 연구소 2000 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.8 No.1
ARS(Audio Response System)를 구현하기 위하여, ARS를 지원하는 하드웨어의 기본 지식을 알아야 하고, 하드웨어 생산 업체에서 제공하는 원시 라이브러리와 C언어를 사용하여 어렵게 프로그램을 해야했다. 따라서 개발의 용이성을 위하여 ARS 소프트웨어의 개발을 단순화할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 ARS의 처리 과정을 분석하여 외부동작과 내부동작으로 분리하여 두 단계의 유한 상태 기계로 표현하는 ARS 구현 모델을 제시하였다. 외부동작은 응용분야에 의존하는 부분으로 대기상태, 처리상태, 종료상태로 표현하였다. 내부동작은 응용분야와 무관한 부분으로, 하드웨어 제어와 외부동작을 지원한다. 내부동작을 처리하는 부분을 외부동작과 분리하여 캡슐화하고, 외부동작에 필요한 정보를 파일의 형태로 제공함으로써 ARS 시스템을 구현할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 ARS 구현 모델에 의하여 ARS 구현이 단순해진다. The ARS program has been written in C language using the supported by the hardware vendor. Since this process is not so simple, we need to develop an easy method that could make the ARS implementation simple. In this paper, we propose an ARS implementation model which consists of two-level FSM (Finite State Machine). From the analysis of common ARS operations, we represent it as external and internal operations. The external operation is the dependent part of ARS to the application area. On the other hands, the internal operation in independent from the application area. The internal operation corresponds to the ARS engine that includes the hardware control and supports the external operation. The function of external operation is decided by a sequence of description that contains the voice filename, input type, variable name, and the next-state names according to the input values. In the proposed system, a new application of ARS can be generated by simply writing a new description file for the external operation.