Changes in Insomnia Severity are Associated With the Changes in Discrepancy Between Desired Time in Bed and Desired Total Sleep Time Among the General Population

Seockhoon Chung,Sohyeong Kim,Inn-Kyu Cho,Dongin Lee,Jiyoung Kim,Eulah Cho 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.12

Objective The discrepancy between desired time in bed and desired total sleep time (DBST index) is correlated with the severity of insomnia among the general population. This study aimed to explore whether the change in DBST index is associated with changes in insomnia severity.Methods The study was conducted as a single source tracking online survey among the general population. The first survey (T1) was completed by all 399 participants, and the second survey (T2) was completed by 233 participants 5–6 weeks after the T1 survey with a simple instruction of reducing the DBST index. Participants’ age, sex, marital status, past psychiatric history, and sleep patterns were collected. In addition to the DBST index, the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES), Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep-2 items (DBS-2), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were rated.Results The change in the ISI (T1–T2) was significantly correlated with the changes in the GSES (r=0.24, p<0.001), DBS-2 (r=0.22, p<0.001), and DBST index (r=0.15, p=0.020). The change in insomnia severity was expected with change in the GSES (β=0.23, p<0.001), DBS-2 (β=0.20, p=0.002), and DBST index (β=0.13, p=0.037). Mediation analysis showed that change in DBST index directly influenced change in insomnia severity and change in GSES or DBS-2 did not mediate the relationship.Conclusion Changing the DBST index can be a simple way to reduce insomnia severity among the general population.

Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Insomnia or Other Psychiatric Symptoms among Humidifier Disinfectant Victims

Seockhoon Chung,Suk-Hoon Kang,Kukju Kweon,Soyoung Youn,Hyang Soon Kang,Sang-Bum Hong,Soo Jong Hong 대한수면학회 2018 sleep medicine research Vol.9 No.1

Background and Objective In South Korea, numerous people have died of lung injury from humidifier disinfectant. The objective of this study was to explore the association between cognitive emotion regulation strategies for victims of humidifier disinfectant accidents in Korea and their insomnia and other psychiatric problems. Methods Among 196 subjects experiencing humidifier disinfectant-related interstitial pneumonitis, 40 subjects were assessed for their psychological states between June 2015 and May 2016. Their psychiatric symptoms were assessed using Insomnia Severity Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, posttraumatic stress disorder Checklist for DSM-5, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results Subjects’ adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were not correlated with rating scale scores. However, total score of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy was significantly correlated with all rating scale scores (all p < 0.01). Among maladaptive strategies, rumination and catastrophizing strategies were significantly correlated with severity of insomnia and other psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions There was an association between victims’ maladaptive coping strategies and insomnia or other psychiatric symptoms. Thus, managing their coping strategies is necessary to help them survive in their current environment.

Pandemic Grief Reaction and Intolerance of Uncertainty on the Cognitive-Behavioral Model of COVID-Related Hypochondriasis Among Firefighters

Seockhoon Chung,Han-Sung Lee,Soomin Jang,Yong-Wook Shin,Jeong-Hyun Kim,Jin Yong Jun 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.9

Objective This study aimed to explore the feasibility of cognitive-behavioral model hypochondriasis regarding coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) among firefighters. In addition, we examined the possible role of their grief reaction and intolerance of uncertainty in the model of COVID-related hypochondriasis.Methods An anonymous online survey was done on October 27–28, 2022, among firefighters who witnessed people’s death. Demographic characteristics were collected, and their psychological states were assessed using rating scales such as the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale (CRBS), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale–12 (IUS-12).Results Their OCS score was expected by the CRBS (β=0.30, p<0.001), FCV-19S (β=0.10, p<0.001), PGS (β=0.29, p<0.001), and IUS12 (β=0.04, p=0.024) (F=134.5, p<0.001). The COVID-related cognitive-behavioral model of hypochondriasis was feasible among firefighters who witnessed people’s death. Their pandemic grief reaction and intolerance of uncertainty directly influenced their preoccupation with coronavirus, and viral anxiety and coronavirus reassurance-seeking behavior mediated the relationship.Conclusion Firefighters’ viral anxiety and coronavirus reassurance-seeking behavior mediated the influence of pandemic grief reaction or intolerance of uncertainty on the preoccupation with coronavirus.

A Sleep Education and Hypnotics Reduction Program for Hospitalized Patients at a General Hospital

Seockhoon Chung,Soyoung Youn,Boram Park,Su-yeon Lee,Changnam Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.1

ObjectiveaaWe applied a program of sleep education and hypnotics reduction for inpatients (the i-sleep program). This study explored whether the i-sleep program is effective for reducing the prescription rate of sleeping pills to inpatients in a general hospital. MethodsaaWe estimated the proportion of inpatients prescribed hypnotics at admission to and discharge from the hospital, excluding pediatric care units, before (2014) and after (2015) the program. In addition, we estimated the proportion of inpatients prescribed sleeping pills among all inpatients on the first day of each month of 2014 and 2015. ResultsaaThe proportion of inpatients prescribed hypnotics as discharge medication among inpatients who had been prescribed them at the time of admission decreased significantly, from 57.0% to 46.8%, after the i-sleep program (RR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.79–0.86). The proportion of inpatients newly prescribed sleeping pills after admission to the hospital did not significantly decrease (1.97% to 2.00%; RR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.96–1.07). The mean prescription rate of sleeping pills per day was 8.18% in 2014 and 7.78% in 2015. ConclusionaaThe i-sleep program reduced the proportion of inpatients who continued to take sleeping pills from admission until discharge, although it did’t reduce the prescription rate per day.

Psychiatric Preoperative Evaluation and Postoperative Management of Organ Donor

Seockhoon Chung 대한외과학회 2022 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2022 No.11

The Effect of Psychological Inflexibility on Social-Distancing Phobia Mediated by Preoccupation With Sleep and Intolerance of Uncertainty in the Elderly Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Seockhoon Chung,Kayoung Song,Aykut Günlü 대한신경정신의학회 2024 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.21 No.2

Objective The aim of this study was to explore whether psychological inflexibility in the elderly population is related to social-distancing phobia, and examine whether their viral anxiety, preoccupation with sleep, or intolerance of uncertainty may mediate the relationship.Methods Among the elderly population aged ≥65 in Korea, we conducted an anonymous online survey during January and February 2023. We collected the responses of 300 participants, collected demographic information, and symptoms using rating scales such as the Social-Distancing Phobia scale, Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6), Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 (IUS-12), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES).Results Social-distancing phobia was expected by the SAVE-6 (β=0.34, p<0.001), IUS-12 (β=0.18, p=0.003), and GSES (β=0.18, p= 0.001) in the linear regression analysis. In the mediation analysis, psychological inflexibility did not directly influence social-distancing phobia. However, viral anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, or preoccupation with sleep completely mediated the influence of psychological inflexibility on social-distancing phobia among elderly population.Conclusion The management of psychological inflexibility, intolerance of uncertainty, or preoccupation with sleep needs to be considered when designing interventions to address social-distancing phobia in elderly populations in future pandemics.

Psychometric Properties of the Insomnia Severity Index and Its Comparison With the Shortened Versions Among the General Population

Seockhoon Chung,Oli Ahmed,Eulah Cho,Young Rong Bang,Junseok Ahn,Hayun Choi,Yoo Hyun Um,Jae-Won Choi,Seong Jae Kim,Hong Jun Jeon 대한신경정신의학회 2024 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.21 No.1

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) based on modern test theory, such as item response theory (IRT) and Rasch analysis, with shortened versions of the ISI among the general population.Methods We conducted two studies to evaluate the reliability and validity of the shortened versions of the ISI in a Korean population. In Study I, conducted via online survey, we performed an exploratory factor analysis (n=400). In Study II, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted (n=400). IRT and Rasch analysis were performed on all samples. Participants symptoms were rated using the ISI, Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep–16 items, Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep–2 items, Patient Health Questionnaire–9 items, and discrepancy between desired time in bed and desired total sleep time.Results CFA showed a good fit for the 2-factor model of the ISI (comparative fit index=0.994, Tucker–Lewis index=0.990, root-meansquare-error of approximation=0.039, and standardized root-mean-square residual=0.046). The 3-item versions also showed a good fit for the model. All scales showed good internal consistency reliability. The scale information curve of the 2-item scale was similar to that of the full-scale ISI. The Rasch analysis outputs suggested a good model fit.Conclusion The shortened 2-factor ISI is a reliable and valid model for assessing the severity of insomnia in the Korean population. The results are needed to be explored further among the clinical sample of insomnia.

Are You Asking What Time Did Your Patients Go to Bed?: Getting the Short Sleep Onset Latency

Seockhoon Chung,Soyoung Youn,Changnam Kim 대한수면학회 2018 sleep medicine research Vol.9 No.1

A few patients diagnosed with insomnia attempt going to bed earlier to obtain adequate sleep and fall asleep less than 30 min, although they often complain about their inability to fall asleep easily. The aim of this study was to explore the association between short sleep latency and patients’ sleepwake pattern. All the 99 patients with primary insomnia who were under treatment with benzodiazepine or non-benzodiazepine gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists as sleeping pills were selected. The time to take hypnotics, bedtime, sleep onset, and wake-up times were determined from medical records. Subjects who showed sleep latency of less than 30 min (SL ≤ 30, n = 56) were treated with hypnotics (10:46 pm) before going to bed (11:00 pm) later compared with subjects with sleep latency greater than 30 min (SL > 30 min, n = 43, hypnotic ingestion time, 9:46 pm; bedtime 10:10 pm). Duration from wake-up time to bedtime (WTB) was significantly longer in SL ≤ 30 group (16.5 ± 1.1 h) compared to SL > 30 group (15.8 ± 1.5 h). Long sleep latency was significantly correlated with old age, earlier ingestion of sleeping pills, earlier bedtime, and short duration of WTB (all, p < 0.01). Early bed time in the evening was not associated with short sleep latency. Patients with insomnia may find that delayed bedtime may promote faster sleep.

구면체를 이용한 3D 스캐너 위치 자동 칼리브레이션

배석훈(Seockhoon Bae),정강훈(Kanghoon Jung),이동훈(Donghoon Lee),주영관(Youngkwan Joo) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2001 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.18 No.5

Development of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) Scale for Assessing Work-related Stress and Anxiety in Healthcare Workers in Response to Viral Epidemics

Chung Seockhoon,Kim Hwa Jung,Ahn Myung Hee,Yeo Sungook,Lee Joohee,Kim Kyumin,Kang Solbi,Suh Sooyeon,Shin Yong-Wook 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.47

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, has had a major psychological impact on healthcare workers. However, very few scales are available to specifically assess work-related stress and anxiety in healthcare workers responding to a viral epidemic. This study developed a new assessment tool, the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) and aimed to validate it among healthcare workers directly affected by COVID-19 in Korea. Methods: A total of 1,019 healthcare workers responded through anonymous questionnaires during April 20–30, 2020. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to explore the construct validity, and the reliability was assessed using internal consistency measures of Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to define the most appropriate cut-off point of SAVE-9 using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7; ≥ 5). Second, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to establish convergent validity for the SAVE-9 questionnaire with GAD-7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: The nine-item scale had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.795). It adopted a two-factor structure: 1) anxiety regarding viral epidemics and 2) work-related stress associated with viral epidemics. A cut-off score of 22 for the SAVE-9 ascertained levels of stress and anxiety in response to a viral epidemic in healthcare workers that warranted clinical attention. Correlations between the SAVE-9 and the other scales were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that the SAVE-9 is a useful, reliable, and valid tool to evaluate stress and anxiety responses in healthcare workers during viral epidemics.