원측(圓測),의상(義相)의 언어관과 7세기 향가(鄕歌)의 관련성 여부

서철원 ( Cheol Won Seo ) 韓國古典文學會 2012 古典文學硏究 Vol.42 No.-

Both of Won-Cheuk and Ui-Sang concentrated on gradual method which was accomplished between speaker and receiver, agent and object. But, Won-Cheuk thought that as ``consciousness`` while Ui-Sang was interested in pursuing the general Law. And in contrast of Won-Cheuk who was concerned about interdependent relation, Ui-Sang has attempted to academicize the relationship of connections and inclusions along with stratum like three yana-one yana. Nevertheless like these differences, they have homogeneity in the point of considering the spiritual faculty of the receiver and focused on the usefulness and essence of language as a means of translating the Buddhist doctrines in a logical and sentimental way. The effect of language which Won-Cheuk and Ui-Sang formulated in was reflected in the five songs of Hyang-ga of the 7th century. But there must be some elements which are not explained by their view on language. It should be known as an independent principle of cultural history regardless of thinkers` theories. 이 논문을 통해 圓測과 義相의 언어관과 향가, 게송을 비롯한 신라 문학사와의 관련 가능성을 제기하고자 한다. 원측은 언어로 표현된 대상의 실재성 여부보다는 주체의 내면에 자리하여 대상과의 관계를 통해 구체화되는 ‘識’의 문제가 더욱 중요하다고 보았다. 주체와 대상의 고정된 역할보다는 그 상호작용을 더 중시한 것이다. 이에 따라 논쟁 과정에서도 시비를 가린 끝에 어느 한쪽이 우세해진 모양보다는, 서로 대칭을 이룬 상보적 관계의 형성을 이상으로 삼았다. 반면에 의상은 원측과는 대조적으로 언어의 목적과 수사방식이 다르다면, 그 다른 언어가 각자 갖는 역할과 영역을 구별해야 한다고 보았다. 따라서 언어의 제 요소들 사이의 차이점과 단계의 상하 관계에 주목하였다. 이들이 활동했던 7세기 무렵의 향가는 이들의 언어관 사이의 대칭을 연상시키는 흐름을 보인다. 그것은 ①주체와 대상 사이의 관계에 주목한 경우, ②서로 대칭되는 인간관계가 등장한 사례, ③시어의 비유와 상징을 활용한 작품 등이었다. 이들에 대한 분석으로부터 앞서 제시한 언어관의 대칭 양상을 확인할 가능성을 개진하였다. 본고의 성과가 암시한 가능성을 토대로 신라 문학사의 전개 양상을 보다 구체적으로 해명하는 것이 앞으로의 과제이다.

한국형 우울장애 약물치료 알고리듬 2006 (Ⅰ)

서정석,민경준,김원,석정호,박원명,송해철,이상열,전덕인,전현태,홍진표,한국형 우울장애 약물치료 알고리듬 2006 연구그룹 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.5

Objectives : Since the publication of Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Major depressive Disorder (KMAP-MD) in 2002, there has been a substantial need for a revision due to rapid progress in the pharmacological management for depressive disorder. We revised KMAP-MD to Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder (KMAP-DD) in 2006. This paper is one of the following 4 papers consisting of Korean pharmacological algorithm for depressive disorder. Methods : The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts ; initial treatment of 1) non-psychotic depressive disorder, 2) psychotic depressive disorder, 3) treatment strategy for clinical subtypes and drug choice considering adverse effects, and 4) treatment for depressive disorder in women. It was composed of 22 questions, and each question had 54 sub-items. The questionnaire was completed by the review committee consisting of 101 experienced Korean psychiatrists. We classified the expert opinion to 3 categories (the first-line, the second-line, or the third-line). Results : For non-psychotic major depression, regardless ofthe severity of an episode, the antidepressant (AD) monotherapy was the optimal first-line treatment. SSRI, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine were the 1st-line AD. In case of a partial or no response to initial strategy, adding another AD was recommended. For psychotic major depression, combination of an AD and an atypical antipsychotic (AAP) was the treatment of choice. Among AAPs, quetiapine, rispendone, olanzapine were preferred. For non-responder to initial strategy, the next step was adding or changing AD before changing AAP. For women with premenstrual dysphoric syndrome or postpartum depression without psychotic features, AD monotherapty was a preferred strategy while for psychotic postpartum depression, combination of AD and AAP was recommended. Experts recommended various ADs according to adverse effect. Conclusion : These results suggest that the medication strategies for depressive disorder are rapidly changing and reflect the recent studies and clinical experiences.

다중 스펙트럼 화상 분류에 있어서 이진 다이아몬드 신경망과 비 파라메트릭 화소 단위 방법의 적용

元聖賢,徐元一,金鎭逸 東義大學校産業技術開發硏究所 1994 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.8 No.-

This paper deals with the application of nonparametric pixel-by-pixel classification methods in the classification of pixels, based on their multispectral data. And a new neural network, the Binary Diamond, is introduced, and its performance is compared with a nearest neighbor algorithm and a back-propagation network.

LC/MS/MS 분석법을 이용한 Amlodipine의 약물동태연구

서정원,윤민혁,강원구,권광일 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2007 藥學論文集 Vol.22 No.-

The aim of this study were to confirm the analysis method and also to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of amlodipine in human volunteers. In an open-label single-dose pharmacokinetic study, a group, consisting of 24 healthy volunteers, received single oral dose of 5mg amlodipine. Blood sample were taken for up to 120 hours. The concentration of amlodipine in these body fluids was determinated using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method with tandem mass spectrometry. Amlodipine and ketoconazole, an internal standard, were extracted from plasma using ethyl acetate in the presence of 0.1M sodium carbonate. After drying the organic layer, the residue was reconstituted in mobile phase(acetonitrile : water = 70 : 30 v/v (0.1% formic acid)) and injected onto a Zorvax C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 3.5 ㎛ particles). The isocratic mobile phase was eluted at 0.2ml/min. The ion transitions monitored in multiple reaction-monitoring mode were m/z 410.10 → 294.95 and 532.11 → 81.95, respectively. The coefficient of variance of the assay precision was less than 12%, and the accuracy exceeded 99.1%. The limit of quantification was 0.1 ng/ml. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with non-compartmental(AUC, C_(max), T_(max), CL_(t), V/F) and compartmental(K_(el), K_(a), t_(lag)) pharmacokinetic analysis using WinNonlin program. The estimated means of AUC_(0-120hr), C_(max) and T_(max) were 196.90 ± 5.02 ng·hr/ml, 3.36 ± 0.09 ng/ml and 10.44 ± 0.61 hr, respectively. The means of other pharmacokinetic parameters(V/F, CL_(t), K_(el), K_(a) and t_(lag)) were 1208.06 ± 50.61 L, 25.39 ± 0.65 L/hr, 0.2806 ± 0.0294 hr^(-1), 0.0210 ± 0.0008 hr-1 and 0.4574 ± 0.0635 hours, respectively.

화학환원법을 이용한 Ag 나노분말의 합성

서원식,김태환,성재석,송기창 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.42 No.1

화학환원법을 이용하여 AgNO_(3) 수용액에 환원제를 첨가시키는 방법으로 Ag분말을 제조하였으며, 이 과정 중 환원제의 종류 변화(N_(2)H_(4), NaBH_(4))가 얻어진 분말의 특성 변화에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 또한 분말합성 과정 중 계면활성제(Tween20)를 수용액에 첨가하여 계면활성제가 분말의 특성에 미치는 영향도 살펴보았다. 제조된 분말의 SEM 측정결과 환원제로 sodium borohydride(NaBH_(4))를 사용하면서 제조된 Ag 분말의 크기는 약 0.3㎛인 반면 hydrazine(N_(2)H_(4))을 사용하여 제조된 분말의 크기는 약 1㎛로 sodium borohydride를 사용해 제조한 분말의 크기가 더 작고 고른 크기 분포를 보였다. 또 환원제로써 hydrazine을 사용시 계면활성제를 첨가하여 제조된 Ag 나노분말의 크기는 50nm정도로 계면활성제를 첨가하지 않고 제조된 분말보다(1㎛) 입자의 크기가 더 작고 균일한 입도 분포를 나타내었다. Silver powders were prepared by chemical reduction method using reductants in AgNO_(3) aqueous solution. The effect of the type of reductants(N_(2)H_(4), NaBH_(4)) was investigated on the properties of the obtained powders. In addition, the effect of the addition of asurfactant(Tween 20) during particle synthesis was studied. The Ag powders prepared using the sodium borohydride as a reductant were found to be 0.3㎛ in particle diameter, while those using the hydrazine showed 1㎛ in particle diameter. The mean particle size of Ag nanopowders, prepared by the addition of Tween 20 as a surfactant, was 50㎚, which is smaller than 1㎛ powders formed without the surfactant.

가열로의 열적해석 및 설계인자에 관한 연구

서용석,강성규,박원희,민동호,김태국 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1998 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.28 No.-

본 연구에서는 3차원 정육면체 가열로 내의 전도-대류-복사 복합열전달 특서을 해석하였으며, 연소가스의 유입속도, 벽면의 반사율과 매체의 흡수계수 등과 같은 인자들의 변화에 따른 영향을 살펴보았다. 가열로의 벽면들은 단열되어 있고 가열로 내부로 일정한 온도의 연소가스가 유입될 때 시스템 내부의 온도는 유입 온도와 비슷하게 균일한 온도 분포를 갖는 것으로 예측할 수 있었다. 유입 속도가 증가하더라도 가열로 내부의 온도에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 가열로는 유입되는 연소가스의 흡수계수가 증가할수록 가열로 내부의 온도는 보다 균일하게 된다. 또한, 가열로 내부 벽의 반사율이 커질수록 벽의 온도는 감소하고 또한 벽면에 작용하는 유효복사열유속은 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 해석 결과로부터 가열로 내부의 온도 분포는 매체의 흡수계수가 클수록 그리고, 벽면 반사율이 작을수록 일정하게 유지될 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 이러한 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때 가열로의 설계 시 일정한 열의 유입과 가열로를 단열시키는 것이 중요하며, 그리고 매체의 흡수 계수를 크게 하고, 그리고 벽면의 반사율을 작게 하는 것은 가열로 내부의 온도를 일정하게 유지할 수 있는 중요한 조건이 된다는 것을 알 수가 있었다.

서울市內一部 動物病院에서 臨床診療된 愛玩犬의 病類別 分布에 對한 醫學統計學的 考察

徐政煜,李元暢,鄭柄鉉,尹和重 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1999 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.20 No.-

우리 나라의 소동물 수의임상분야(獸醫臨床分野)에서 주류를 이루고 있는 애완견의 병류별 질병분포를 파약하여 수의임상반야의 기초자료로 제시하고자 시도하고 서울시내 중견 동물병원 5곳을 무작위선택방법에 의하여 선정하여 1993년도부터 1995년도 말까지 3개년간의 임상의료철을 수집, 의학통계학적 방법을 이용 분석 및 관찰한바 몇 자기 결과를 얻어 다음과 같이 적요 한다. 진료과별 진료건수의 분포를 보면, 전체진료건수 8,360건 중에서 내과질환이 53.6%를 점유하고, 외과질환은 13.01%, 비뇨생식기질환1.96%, 피부과질환 15.47%, 안과질환 2.68% 그리고 이(耳)과질환 13.28% 등으로 관찰되었다. 조사 관찰된 내과질환은 총 19종의 질병과 4,481건의 진료건수가 있었으며, 이중에서 위발증(胃發症)이 가장 많아 21.38%를 점유하고 있었고, 외과질환은 성형외과와 정형외과 질환을 포함하여 역시 총 19종의 질병과 1,088건의 진료건수가 있었는데, 이중에서 외상(外傷)이 가장 많아 19.21%, 비뇨 생식기질환은 6종류의 질병과 164건의 진료건수가 있었으며, 그 중에서 비뇨기 감염증이 가장 많아 37.0%를, 피부질환은 5종의 질병에 1,293건의 진료가 있었고, 이중에서 체외기생충의 감염이 37.74% 그리고 안이과(眼耳科)질환은 7종에 1,332건으로 외이염(外耳炎)이 가장 많아 59.49%를 점유하고 있었다. 애완견에서 빈발하는 10대 질환의 분포를 관찰하바, 위염 (11.46%), 위장염(10.28%), 외이염(9.74%), 기관기관지염(8.49%), 대장염(6.41%), 체외기생충증(5.84%), 체내기생충증(4.35%), 이내(耳內) 진드기(3.8%), 피부진균증(3.53%) 및 피지누증 (3.12%) 등의 순으로 관찰되었다. 끝으로 애완견의 전염병으로는 distemper가 44.8%, parvoviral infection 39.37%, coronaviral infection 15.83% 그리고 본조사기간중 서울시내에서의 rabies 발생건수는 전혀 없었다. The purpose of this study was to a retrospective and medical statistical observation on the clinical cases of pet-dogs by veterinary hospital in Seoul City, during the period from 1993 to 1995, which important not only in veterinary clinic but also pet animal health information system development for veterinary practitioner of Korea. The results were summarized as follows: In the clinical cases determined by the international classification of diseases, during the period of three years, 8,358 cases of morbidity of pet-dogs were shown by five veterinary hospital for small animals. Among them, the disease of internal medicine, including medicine, including digestive, respiratory, circulatory, metabolic and parasitosis were 53.6% of total cases, the surgical disease, including orthopedic and plastic surgery were 13.01%, the disease of urogenital was 1.96%, the disease of dermatology was 15.47%, the disease of ophthalmic was 2.68% and the disease of otiatric was 13.28%, respectively. The gastric crisis of 21.38% among 4,481 cases of 19 kinds on the disease of internal medicine showed the highest morbidity. The trauma of 19.21% among 1,088 cases of 19 kinds in the surgery, including orthopedic and plastic surgery, the case of urogenic infection of 37.0% among 164 cases of 6 kinds in the urogenital organe, the ectoparasitosis of 37.24% among 1,293 cases of 5 kinds in the disease of dermatology, the otitis externa of 59.49% among 1,332 cases of 7 kinds n the opthalmatic and otiatric diseases showed the highest morbidity in each part of veterinary clinics. Observation on the morbidity of the main disease of pet-dogs were gastritis (11.46%), gastroenteritis (10.28%), ectoparasitosis (9.64%) including ear-mite, otitis externa (9.47%), trachobronchitis (8.49%), enterocolitis (6.41%), endoparasitosis (4.35%), dermatophytosis (3.53%) and seborrhea (3.12%), respectively. Finally, distributive observation on the incidence case of the main infections disease in pet-dogs which that distemper, parvoviral infection and coronaviral infection were 44.80%, 39.37% and 15.83, respectively.

소뇌뇌교각종양에서 수술중 전기생리학적 신경계집중감시의 변화

서대원,박관,안재영,이상구,정진상,홍승봉,이원용,김병준,김종현 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Sophora flavescens의 뿌리에서 유래한 Cholinesterase 저해 화합물

장원희, 트란홍광, 김장훈, 양서영, 김영호 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2021 藥學論文集 Vol.36 No.-

Searching for cholinesterase inhibitory compounds from natural products is important to de- velop therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s disease. Our previous research on the chemical components of Sophora flavescens roots resulted in the isolation of twelve flavonoids, kushenol E (1), maackiain (2), 8-prenylkaemperol (3), 8-prenylnaringenin (4), kushenol L (5), kushenol A (6), kushenol C (7), kushenol B (8), sophoraflavanone G (9), kushenol H (10), isoxanthohumol (11) and kurarinone (12) and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Inhibitory effect of cholinesterase were tested using the Ellman's method. Most flavonoid compounds showed good inhibitory activities on cholinesterases. Kushenol E (1) and sophoraflavanone G (9) showed good inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 3.75 and 4.14 μM and butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 2.00 and 0.75 μM, respectively. In addition, a kinetic analysis revealed that kushenol E (1) was non-competitive inhibitor with Ki value of 0.77 μM on acetylcholinesterase and 0.16 μM on butyrylcholinesterase, whereas sophoraflavanone G (9) was mixed type inhibitior with Ki value of 9.42 μM on acetylcholinesterase and 0.81 μM on butyrylcholinesterase. These findings suggest that flavonoid compounds from S. flavescens roots are potential cholinesterase inhibitors.

환경친화적 고체연료 개발 : 패각 및 석탄의 특성과 탈황반응

서성규,황원준 國立 麗水大學校 環境問題硏究所 2000 環境硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.-

In this study, characteristics of sea shell, coal and desulfurization have been investigated in order to examine the feasibility on the development of the clean solid fuel. Physico-chemical properties of waste sea shells and limestone have been characterized by using BET, XRD, and SEM. The main component of oyster shell was CaCO_(3) similar to limestone. After calcination of oyster shell, specific area decreased, and pore diameter increased. Under this experimental conditions, desulfurization efficiency of sea shells was the range of 49.1~61.7%. The desulfurizer capacity and efficiency of oyster shell were higher than others. The best fit desulfurization condition of oyster shell based on economy and desulfurization efficiency was as follows : particle size = 90~150㎛, and Ca/S =1.5~3.0. We can conclude that wasted sea shells can be used as a desulfurizer on the development of clean solid fuel