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      • Estimating the Burden of Cancers Attributable to Smoking Using Disability Adjusted Life Years in Indonesia

        Kristina, Susi Ari,Endarti, Dwi,Sendjaya, Natalia,Pramestuty, Octy Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.3

        Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for many types of cancers. Recent data on selected cancer incidence and mortality related to smoking in the Indonesian population are provided in this study. Morbidity and mortality data were derived from GLOBOCAN 2012 and the population attributable fraction (PAF) was estimated using the standard methodology developed by the World Health Organization. Using these data, we calculated disability adjusted life year (DALY) values for smoking-related cancer. The DALY was estimated by summation of the years lived with disability (YLD) and years life lost due to premature death (YLL). The cancer cases related to smoking in Indonesia numbered 45,132, accounting for 35,580 cancer deaths. The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer can be considered as the highest priority in both men and women. Furthermore the greatest YLD due to smoking in Indonesian men and women were from pancreas and lung cancers. For YLL among men, the highest years lost were from lung and liver cancers. On the other hand, among women lung oral cavity and lip were most important. Based on the DALY indicator, burden priorities for Indonesian men were lung cancer (298,980), liver cancer (60,367), and nasopharynx (46,185), while among Indonesian women they were lung cancer (34,119), cervix uteri (9,213) and pancreas cancer (5,433). In total, Indonesian burden of cancers attributed to smoking was 638,682 DALY. This study provides evidence about the burden of cancers caused by smoking as a rational basis for initiating national tobacco control policies in Indonesia.

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        Enhanced Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg Growth by Photon Flux Density Alteration in Serial Photobioreactors

        Anondho Wijanarko,Dianursanti,Antonius Yudi Sendjaya,Heri Hermansyah,Arief Budi Witarto,Misri Gozan,Bondan Tiara Sofyan,Kazuhiro Asami,Kazuhisa Ohtaguchi,Roekmijati Widaningroem Soemantojo,송승구 한국생물공학회 2008 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.13 No.4

        Microalgae perform oxygenic photosynthesis and are capable of taking up a large amount of CO₂, using an inducible CO₂ concentrating mechanism (CCM), and fixing CO₂ into higher compounds. These characteristics make the microalgae potentially useful for removal and utilization of CO₂ emitted from industrial plants and, generally, the usage of photosynthetic microorganisms has increased and significantly improved as a solution for CO₂ emissions. In this light and based on previous research using Anabaena cylindrica IAM M1 and Spirulina platensis IAM M 135, enhancement was sought for CO₂fixation and biomass production by Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg by increasing the photon flux density concurrent with increases in culture biomass during the cellular growth phase and was compared to cultures of Chlorella grown at optimal constant illumination, with all cultures grown using Bennick basal medium, 29℃, and a flow of 1.0 atm. 10% CO₂ enriched air delivered to three in serial photobioreactors of 0.200 dm³capacity each. The results showed that increasing illumination during culture increased biomass production of Chlorella by ~60% as well as increased CO₂ fixation ability by ~7.0%. It was also demonstrated that the non-competitive inhibition of [HCO₃-] as a carbon source significantly affected the cultivation in both the increasing and constant photon flux density regimes.

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