Influence of Phytase and Xylanase Supplementation on Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilisation of Broilers Offered Wheat-based Diets

Selle, P.H.,Ravindran, V.,Ravindran, G.,Pittolo, P.H.,Bryden, W.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.3

Individual and combined supplementation of phosphorus-adequate, wheat-based broiler diets with exogenous phytase and xylanase was evaluated in three experiments. The effects of the enzyme combination in lysine-eficient diets containing wheat and sorghum were more pronounced than those of the individual feed enzymes. The inclusion of phytase plus xylanase improved (p<0.05) weight gains (7.3%) and feed efficiency (7.0%) of broilers (7-28 days post-hatch) and apparent metabolisable energy (AME) by 0.76 MJ/kg DM. Phytase plus xylanase increased (p<0.05) the overall, apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids by 4.5% (0.781 to 0.816); this was greater than the responses to either phytase (3.6%; 0.781 to 0.809) or xylanase (0.7%; 0.781 to 0.784). Absolute increases in amino acid digestibility with the combination exceeded the sum of the individual increases generated by phytase and xylanase for alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine and valine. These synergistic responses may have resulted from phytase and xylanase having complementary modes of action for enhancing amino acid digestibilities and/or facilitating substrate access. The two remaining experiments were almost identical except wheat used in Experiment 2 had a higher phytate concentration and a lower estimated AME content than wheat used in Experiment 3. Individually, phytase and xylanase were generally more effective in Experiment 2, which probably reflects the higher dietary substrate levels present. Phytase plus xylanase increased (p<0.05) gains (15.4%) and feed efficiency (7.0%) of broiler chicks from 4-24 days post-hatch in Experiment 2; whereas, in Experiment 3, the combination increased (p<0.05) growth to a lesser extent (5.6%) and had no effect on feed efficiency. This difference in performance responses appeared to be 'rotein driven'as the combination increased (p<0.05) nitrogen retention in Experiment 2 but not in Experiment 3; whereas phytase plus xylanase significantly increased AME in both experiments. In Experiments 2 and 3 the combined inclusion levels of phytase and xylanase were lower that the individual additions, which demonstrates the benefits of simultaneously including phytase and xylanase in wheat-based poultry diets.

Effects of Phytase Supplementation of Diets with Two Tiers of Nutrient Specifications on Growth Performance and Protein Efficiency Ratios of Broiler Chickens

Selle, P.H.,Ravindran, V.,Pittolo, P.H.,Bryden, W.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.8

In two feeding experiments male and mixed-sex broiler chicks were offered diets based on sorghum and a wheatsorghum blend with two tiers of nutrient specifications, without and with microbial phytase (600 and 800 FTU/kg), from 7-25 and 1-42 days post-hatch, respectively. The nutrient specifications for protein, amino acids, energy density and phosphorus (P) of standard diets were reduced to formulate the modified diets on a least-cost basis. Calculated differences in nutrient specifications between standard and modified diets ranged from 14.3 to 17.1 g/kg crude protein, 0.24 to 0.40 MJ/kg apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and 1.06 to 1.20 g/kg available P. In both experiments, reduced nutrient specifications had a negative impact on growth rates and feed efficiency and phytase supplementation had a positive influence on growth performance and protein efficiency ratios (PER). Phytase addition to the less expensive, modified diets either partially or entirely compensated for reduced growth performance and, consequently, feed costs per kg of live weight gain were reduced. In Experiment 1, phytase increased (p<0.001) nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) from 15.39 to 15.89 MJ/kg dry matter. For nitrogen (N) retention there was an interaction (p<0.05) between diet type and phytase as the effects of phytase on N retention were more pronounced in the modified diets, with an increase from 0.512 to 0.561. These results demonstrate the positive effects of phytase on protein and energy utilisation, in addition to its established liberation of phytate-bound P and illustrate the feasibility of assigning nutrient replacement values to the feed enzyme for consideration in least-cost ration formulations. Further work is, however, required to define the most appropriate reductions in nutrient specifications in association with phytase supplementation.

Effects of Dietary Lysine and Microbial Phytase on Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilisation of Broiler Chickens

Selle, P.H.,Ravindran, V.,Ravindran, G.,Bryden, W.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.7

The effects of offering broilers phosphorus-adequate diets containing 10.0 and 11.8 g/kg lysine, without and with 500 FTU/kg exogenous phytase, on growth performance and nutrient utilisation were determined. Each of the four experimental diets was offered to 6 replicates of 10 birds from 7 to 28 days of age. Effects of treatment on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and bone mineralisation were examined. Both additional lysine and phytase supplementation improved (p<0.05) weight gain and feed efficiency, with interactions (p<0.05), as phytase responses were more pronounced in lysine-deficient diets. Phytase improved (p<0.05) apparent metabolisable energy, which was independent of the dietary lysine status. Bone mineralisation, as determined by percentage toe ash, was not affected by treatment, which confirms the phosphorus-adequate status of the diets. Phytase increased (p<0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility of the sixteen amino acids assessed. Unexpectedly, however, the dietary addition of 1.8 g/kg lysine, as lysine monohydrochloride, increased (p<0.05) the ileal digestibility of lysine per se and also that of isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, valine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and tyrosine. In addition, there were significant interactions (p<0.05) between additional lysine and phytase supplementation for arginine, lysine, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and serine digestibilities, with the effects of phytase being more pronounced in lysine-deficient diets. The possible mechanisms underlying the increases in amino acid digestibility in response to additional lysine and the interactions between lysine and microbial phytase in this regard are discussed. Also, consideration is given to the way in which phytate and phytase may influence ileal digestibility of amino acids.

Management of Optimal Relations in a Modern Police Department

Mondy Selle Gold 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2014 국제학논총 Vol.21 No.-

Police organizations across the United States provide leadership training to all their officers, especially those officers that are in first line supervisor"s positions. Given the nature of police work, police officers act as leaders during calls for service. Police officers deal with numerous challenges and different expectations from residents and visitors, especially since 9/11. There is evidence of excessive violence, increasing wrongful deaths, deteriorating civil liberties, and escalating civil disobedience but these issues have not been fully explored. Several studies were examined in the course of this research on types of leadership training requirements, availability of training facilities, and effectiveness of training programs to eliminate the preceding issues. Others have investigated decision-making processes, and contingency as well as situational perspectives of leadership, but little research has been done in police organizations from the retired police officers’ point of view in the New York Police Department (NYPD). The purpose of this study was to examine what types of leadership training would allow police officers of the rank and file to be more receptive and more prepared to deal with challenges of leadership at the NYPD and to evaluate the training needs of officers to improve the overall performance of the NYPD. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed to retired police officers with a response rate of 82%. The research concluded based on 123 respondents that the officers working at the NYPD officers did not receive adequate training in ethics and risk management. It also revealed that development of new and needed skills required for success are not extended down to all police officers, leaving no course to follow for police officers confronted with challenging circumstances.

Effects of Nutrient Specifications and Xylanase Plus Phytase Supplementation of Wheat-based Diets on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chicks

P.H.Selle,K.H.Huang,W.I.Muir 아세아·태평양축산학회 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.10

Application of Molecular Methods for the Identification of Acetic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Blueberries and Citrus Fruits

Liliana Mabel Gerard,Cristina Verónica Davies,Carina Alejandra Soldá,María Belén Corrado,María Verónica Fernández 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.48 No.2

Sixteen acetic acid bacteria (AAB) were isolated from blueberries and citric fruits of the Salto Grande region (Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina) using enrichment techniques and plate isolation. Enrichment broths containing ethanol and acetic acid enabled maximum AAB recovery, since these components promote their growth. Biochemical tests allowed classification of the bacteria at genus level. PCR-RFLP of the 16S rRNA and PCR-RFLP of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer allowed further classification at the species level; this required treatment of the amplified products of 16S and 16S-23S ITS ribosomal genes with the following restriction enzymes: AluI, RsaI, HaeIII, MspI, TaqI, CfoI, and Tru9I. C7, C8, A80, A160, and A180 isolates were identified as Gluconobacter frateurii; C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, A70, and A210 isolates as Acetobacter pasteurianus; A50 and A140 isolates as Acetobacter tropicalis; and C9 isolate as Acetobacter syzygii. The bacteria identified by 16S rRNA PCR-RFLP were validated by 16S-23S PCR-RFLP; however, the C1 isolate showed different restriction patterns during identification and validation. Partial sequencing of the 16S gene resolved the discrepancy.

Korean NPIs Scope over Negation

Sells, Peter,Kim, Shin-Sook 서울대학교 언어교육원 (구 서울대학교 어학연구소) 2006 語學硏究 Vol.42 No.2

In this paper we argue that Korean negative polarity items (NPIs) are interpreted above the scope of negation, in contrast to NPIs in English which are interpreted within the scope of negation. On the syntactic side, we argue that the grammar of Korean requires a syntactic licensing mechanism, to constrain the distribution of NPIs to only negative clauses. On the semantic side, we show that the semantic relation between an NPI and negation is itself constrained by a generalized version of the Immediate Scope Constraint (proposed by Linebarger (1987)), which requires that no other scopal element intervenes between an NPI and negation, regardless of their relative scopes.

Morphological Expression and Ordering in Korean and Japanese

Sells, Peter 서울대학교 어학연구소 1996 語學硏究 Vol.32 No.4

This paper is concerned with three areas of Korean and Japanese morpho-syntax in which an account based on Optimality Theory seems to provide certain advantages of explanation and simplicity over previous accounts. The areas discussed are : the interaction of the copula and genitive marker with structural case markers and other 'final' nominal suffixes, such as the topic marker; the Japanese prenominal morpheme -no, in its alternations with -na and Ø; and the competition between words and small syntactic constructions, such as those involving adjectival nouns. The general approach here leads to a view of the notion of 'economy of expression' which is directly linked to the morphological forms of the language, as opposed to some larger and perhaps less clearly motivated syntactic constructs.

Thermal emergence of laser-induced spin dynamics for a Ni4 cluster

Sold, S.,Lefkidis, G.,Kamble, B.,Berakdar, J.,Hü,bner, W. American Physical Society 2018 Physical Review B Vol.97 No.18

<P>We investigate the thermodynamic behavior of laser-induced spin dynamics of a perfect and a distorted Ni-4 square in combination with an external thermal bath, by using the Lindblad-superoperator formalism. The energies of the planar molecules are determined with highly correlated ab initio quantum-chemistry calculations. When the distorted structure couples to the thermal bath a unique spin dynamics, i.e., a spin flip, emerges, due to the interplay of optically and thermally induced electronic transitions. The charge and spin relaxation times in dependence on the coupling strength and the bath temperature are determined and compared.</P>

Words versus Phrases in Syntactic Theory

Peter Sells 현대문법학회 2004 현대문법연구 Vol.38 No.-

Research in theoretical linguistics is often driven by a goal of a reduction of theoretical postulates and the simplification of the overall system. Apparently disparate accounts of disparate phenomena may be shown to all full under one meta-principle, or the effects of some mechanism may be shown to follow from other independent components of the grammar. Specifically, I will only be concerned here with the part of X -theory that distinguishes words from phrases―considering in what ways the syntax needs to make reference to the notions of minimal and maximal projection. We will see that non-saturated elements can be selected as X0s, and that saturated elements may have special distribution of X0, not XP. Adverbs, particles and pronouns lack valence or selectional properties, yet need not, and in some cases must not, behave as phrases. Consequently, the attempt to reduce phrasality to saturatedness seems misguided.