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Ahn, Sejin,Son, Tae Hwa,Cho, Ara,Gwak, Jihye,Yun, Jae Ho,Shin, Keeshik,Ahn, Seoung Kyu,Park, Sang Hyun,Yoon, Kyunghoon Wiley-VCH 2012 CHEM SUS CHEM Vol.5 No.9
<P>A simple direct solution coating process for forming CuInSe??? (CIS) thin films was described, employing a low-cost and environmentally friendly precursor solution. The precursor solution was prepared by mixing metal acetates, ethanol, and ethanolamine. The facile formation of a precursor solution without the need to prefabricate nanoparticles enables a rapid and easy processing, and the high stability of the solution in air further ensures the precursor preparation and the film deposition in ambient conditions without a glove box. The thin film solar cell fabricated with the absorber film prepared by this route showed an initial conversion efficiency of as high as 7.72???%.</P>
TSCOT <sup>+</sup> Thymic Epithelial Cell-Mediated Sensitive CD4 Tolerance by Direct Presentation
Ahn, Sejin,Lee, Gwanghee,Yang, Soo Jung,Lee, Deokjae,Lee, Seunghyuk,Shin, Hyo Sun,Kim, Min Cheol,Lee, Kee Nyung,Palmer, Douglas C,Theoret, Marc R,Jenkinson, Eric J,Anderson, Graham,Restifo, Nicholas P Public Library of Science 2008 PLoS biology Vol.6 No.8
<▼1><P>Although much effort has been directed at dissecting the mechanisms of central tolerance, the role of thymic stromal cells remains elusive. In order to further characterize this event, we developed a mouse model restricting LacZ to thymic stromal cotransporter (TSCOT)-expressing thymic stromal cells (TDLacZ). The thymus of this mouse contains approximately 4,300 TSCOT<SUP>+</SUP> cells, each expressing several thousand molecules of the LacZ antigen. TSCOT<SUP>+</SUP> cells express the cortical marker CDR1, CD40, CD80, CD54, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII). When examining endogenous responses directed against LacZ, we observed significant tolerance. This was evidenced in a diverse T cell repertoire as measured by both a CD4 T cell proliferation assay and an antigen-specific antibody isotype analysis. This tolerance process was at least partially independent of <I>Autoimmune Regulatory Element</I> gene expression. When TDLacZ mice were crossed to a novel CD4 T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic reactive against LacZ (BgII), there was a complete deletion of double-positive thymocytes. Fetal thymic reaggregate culture of CD45- and UEA-depleted thymic stromal cells from TDLacZ and sorted TCR-bearing thymocytes excluded the possibility of cross presentation by thymic dendritic cells and medullary epithelial cells for the deletion. Overall, these results demonstrate that the introduction of a neoantigen into TSCOT-expressing cells can efficiently establish complete tolerance and suggest a possible application for the deletion of antigen-specific T cells by antigen introduction into TSCOT<SUP>+</SUP> cells.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P><B/></P><P>T cells play critical roles in the immune response. While developing in the thymus (from whence T cells and their precursors, thymocytes, derive their name), thymocytes are selected for the ability to recognize harmful antigen (positive selection), while those that respond to antigens present in their own body are eliminated (negative selection). Dogma holds that the thymus is divided into different functional compartments to ensure that these contrasting selection processes occur efficiently: the cortex is thought to be responsible for positive selection and the medulla for negative selection. In this study, we made use of a novel transgenic mouse (carrying a LacZ marker in a small fraction of cells in the cortex) to test whether the cortex is really excluded from negative selection. We were able to show that the introduced LacZ “antigen” present only in the cortical cells leads them to eliminate any LacZ-reactive T cells from the immune repertoire and leads to tolerance of the LacZ “antigen” by the body's immune system. This process is highly efficient, such that a relatively tiny number of antigen molecules present in a small fraction of the cells in the thymic cortex can singularly perform proofreading of all developing thymocytes.</P></▼2><▼3><P>A new study shows that antigen-specific negative selection of developing thymocytes is a property of thymic cortical epithelial cells, challenging the view that this process requires contact with specialized antigen-presenting cells found in the thymic medulla.</P></▼3>
Ahn, Sejin,Choi, Yoo Jeong,Kim, Kyunhwan,Eo, Young-Joo,Cho, Ara,Gwak, Jihye,Yun, Jae Ho,Shin, Keeshik,Ahn, Seoung Kyu,Yoon, Kyunghoon Wiley-VCH 2013 ChemSusChem Vol.6 No.7
<P>CuInSe2 (CISe) absorber layers for thin-film solar cells were fabricated through the selenization of amorphous Cu-In-S nanoparticles, which were prepared by using a low-temperature colloidal process within one minute without any external heating. Two strategies for obtaining highly dense CISe absorber films were used in this work; the first was the modification of nanoparticle surface through chelate complexation with ethanolamine, and the second strategy utilized the lattice expansion that occurred when S atoms in the precursor particles were replaced with Se during selenization. The synergy of these two strategies allowed formation of highly dense CISe thin films, and devices fabricated using the absorber layer demonstrated efficiencies of up to 7.94% under AM 1.5G illumination without an anti-reflection coating.</P>
부모의 심리적 통제와 청소년 우울과의 관계에서 자율성 욕구 좌절과 속박감의 매개효과
안세진 ( Ahn Sejin ) 대한아동복지학회 2021 아동복지연구 Vol.19 No.2
This study aimed to find the mediating effect on the relationship between parental psychological control and adolescent depression. The subjects of this study were 325 middle school students nationwide. To analyze the data, Pearson’s correlations and regression analysis were used with SPSS 21.0. The results were as follows: First, a correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between parents’ psychological control, autonomy need thwarting, entrapment, and adolescent depression. The results established that there were significant positive correlations among all the main variables. Second, the mediating role of autonomy need thwarting on the relationship between parental psychological control and adolescent depression was confirmed. Third, the mediating effect of entrapment on the relationship between parental psychological control and adolescent depression was confirmed. Based on these results, the significance and implications of this study were presented, and the limitations of the study and the suggestions for subsequent research were discussed.
청년세대의 집단주의 성향과 호감 및 행동 평가의 관계에 미치는 세대의 조절효과
안세진(Sejin Ahn),도보람(Boram Do) 한국인사조직학회 2023 인사조직연구 Vol.31 No.2
본 연구는 조직 구성원의 집단주의-개인주의 성향과 관련하여 해당 구성원의 세대별로 형성된 고정관념이 있음을 가정하고, 이에 부합하거나 반대되는 성향을 보이는 구성원(대상자)에 대해 사람들은 어떠한 평가를 하는지 기대위반이론(expectancy violation theory)을 적용하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 기대위반이론은 한 개인이 보여주는 긍정적인 성향이 해당 개인이 속한 사회적 범주의 고정관념을 위반하는 경우, 동일한 성향이 자신이 속한 사회적 범주의 고정관념에 부합하는 개인의 경우보다 더욱 긍정적으로 평가된다는 이론이다. 이를 세대의 맥락에 적용하면 청년세대의 구성원이 소속된 세대의 고정관념에 반하는 긍정적 성향인 집단주의 성향을 보여줄 때, 기성세대가 동일한 집단주의 성향을 보일 때 보다 더욱 호의적인 평가를 받을 것이라는 가설을 상정할 수 있다. 실증적으로 먼저 277명의 패널을 대상으로 한 예비연구 설문을 통하여 청년세대(20-30대 초반)가 기성세대(40대 후반 이상) 대비, 집단주의 성향이 낮고 개인주의 성향이 높다는 고정관념이 한국 사회에 존재한다는 것을 밝혔다. 본 연구에서는 280명의 추가 패널참여자를 대상으로 온라인 실험을 수행하였다. 각 참가자는 집단주의 또는 개인주의 성향을 가진 청년세대(29세) 혹은 기성세대(50세) 대상자를 묘사하는 시나리오를 읽고 대상자를 동료로 상상하여 질문에 응답하도록 했다. 연구결과, 대상자가 집단주의 성향일 때(개인주의 성향일 때보다) 평가자의 대상자에 대한 호감을 매개로 대상자의 도움행동 및 역할내행동 예측이 높게 나타나는데, 이러한 집단주의-개인주의 조건 영향의 차이는 대상자가 청년세대일 때(기성세대일 때 보다) 더욱 강하게 나타나는 것으로 드러났다. 이러한 결과는 조직 구성원과 관리자에게 세대 갈등 및 관리에 대한 의미있는 시사점을 제시하고, 향후 고정관념 연구 확장을 위한 토대를 제공한다. Assuming the stereotypes attached to younger and older generation employees regarding their individualistic and collectivistic traits in organizations, this study draws from expectancy-violation theory to examine how organizational members showing counter-stereotypical behaviors are perceived and reacted to in organizational contexts. In the preliminary study, a questionnaire completed by 277 panelists confirmed the assumed stereotypes that respondents believed the younger generation has stronger individualistic traits (compared to the older generation). In the main study, an experiment was conducted with an additional 280 panelists. Each participant read a scenario describing a younger or older protagonist with individualistic or collectivistic traits and was asked to respond to the questionnaire imagining the protagonist as a co-worker. Our findings showed that the protagonist's collectivistic traits are positively related to respondents' liking of the protagonist, higher expectations of the protagonist's in-role behaviors, and helping behaviors. In addition, these positive effects of collectivistic traits were stronger when the protagonist in the scenario belonged to the younger generation, thus showing counter-stereotypical traits, than in the case of the older generation showing stereotype-confirming traits. These results contribute to the stereotype literature in the field of organizational behavior and provide meaningful implications for managers interacting with others from different social categories.